What is the theme expressed in Li Shangyin's Untitled?

The theme of Untitled by Li Shangyin is to express the loyalty of love.

This is a poem with deep feelings, touching euphemism and praising faithful love. The poet used sincere and implicit methods to write a deep hatred of parting and lingering lovesickness. "Spring silkworms die, night candles burn their wick" embodies the loyalty of love, the novelty of artistic conception and the significance of poetry, and has become a famous sentence that has been told through the ages.

Original poem

Untitled

It was a long time ago that I met her, but since we separated, the time has become longer, the east wind is blowing and a hundred flowers are blooming.

Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night.

In the morning, she saw her hair cloud changing in the mirror, but she bravely faced the cold of the moonlight with her evening song.

There are not many roads to Pengshan. Oh, Bluebird, listen! -Give me what she said! .

translate

It's rare to have a chance to meet each other, but I can't bear to part with each other. In addition, the weather in late spring, the east wind is coming, which makes people even more sad. Spring silkworms don't spin silk when they die, candles burn to ashes, and tear-like wax oil can drip dry. A woman who dresses up in front of the mirror in the morning is only worried that she is as rich as a cloud, her black hair changes color and her youthful appearance disappears. Men can't sleep at night, so they must feel Leng Yue's aggression. The other person's residence is not far from here, but there is no way to pass, but it is beyond our power. I hope there will be a messenger like a bluebird to visit my lover and diligently deliver the message for me.

Notes on the title or background of a book.

As far as poetry is concerned, this is a love poem that expresses two of a kind's untiring death. However, it has always been believed that there may be implicit trust in personnel relations. Starting with the word "difficult", it is pointed out that it is not easy to get together and it is even harder to leave. Delicate feelings, rich and colorful language, extraordinary pen. Couplets compare spring silkworms to crimson wax, which is very wonderful, painful and firm. Then the neckline writes Xiao makeup in front of the mirror, caresses the temples and hurts itself, and counts itself; It's a trick to sing in the dark and Leng Yue covers himself. Persuade yourself to cherish, be kind and cherish, but be bitter and considerate, which can be described as a thousand turns and a gentle face. Finally, I wrote a letter hoping that the messenger would spread good news frequently, which means graceful singing, bright future, and really a beautiful place. Spring silkworm, a thousand-year-old beauty, is told through the ages.

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This is the most famous love poem among many poems titled Untitled by the poet.

The first couplet is a deep sigh caused by extreme lovesickness, which highlights the pain of parting in the gathering and parting of two lovers. The phrase "the east wind rises and a hundred flowers blossom" not only describes the natural environment, but also reflects the poet's state of mind. Things blend with me, and the mind and nature reach a subtle fit. This kind of description that reflects people's situation and feelings with scenery is common in Li Shangyin's works. For example, the first two sentences of "A note to friends in the north on a rainy night" say: "Jun asked that the return date is undecided, and the rain rose in the autumn pool in the evening." The second sentence not only symbolizes that the poet stays in Bashu, but also reflects the boredom of leaving. For example, in "And the East Wind Has Arised, Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom", realism and symbolism are integrated into one, giving feelings a tangible external form, which is usually called the lyrical way of feeling in the scene. The word "don't" doesn't mean we say goodbye now, but refers to the forced separation that has been completed. In previous poems, some sentences such as "It's a piece of cake to meet difficulties" (Ge Yanxing by Cao Pi) and "It's a piece of cake to meet difficulties" (Hugh by Ding Du by Song Wudi) all emphasize the difficulty of reunion and lament the pain of parting. Li Shangyin went further from here, saying that "seeing each other late" means "parting is also difficult"-it is difficult to give up and the pain is unbearable. "East wind" points to the season, but it is a metaphor for people's acacia. Because of lingering feelings, people are as lifeless as dead spring flowers. The word "difficult" has different meanings. The first word "difficult" is about how difficult it was for them to get together and how many ideas they pursued. The last word "difficult" describes the emotional suffering of both parties after parting, which shows how difficult and bitter the love life of the couple is. In the second sentence, it is written that people who hurt others tend to be late spring. Flowers bloom with the power of spring breeze, and when the spring breeze is exhausted, the flowers will wither. Flowers are still like this, what can people do? Here, the poet further expressed his deep sorrow for the world with the scene of late spring.

Zhuan Xu went on to write about the feelings of "short encounter" and "difficult to leave", which was even more tortuous. The poet wrote his infatuation and bitterness and his unrequited love pursuit by symbolic means. The word "silk" in "Spring silkworms must weave until they die" is homophonic with "thinking". You miss each other like silkworms until you die. "And the candle will cry the wick every night" is a metaphor for the endless pain of not being together, as if the candle burned to ashes and the wax tears ran out. Miss more than, showing deep attachment, but will spend a lifetime in miss, but it also shows that meeting is indefinite and the future is hopeless. Therefore, his own pain will accompany him all his life. However, although the future is hopeless, she loves it to death and will be attached to it all her life; Despite the pain, there is only patience. Therefore, in these two sentences, there are both disappointed sadness and pain, as well as lingering and burning persistence and pursuit. Pursuit is hopeless, and we still have to pursue it in hopelessness, so this pursuit is also pessimistic. These feelings seem to circulate endlessly, and it is difficult to find the end; It seems to have formed a multi-faceted solid, and light can't see the whole picture from one angle. The poet successfully expressed such a complicated psychological state with only two metaphors, which shows that his association is very rich. The phrase "Spring Silkworm" is first of all the association between the lingering attachment of human beings and the endless spinning of spring silkworms, and then from the spinning of silkworms to the ending of "death" and then to the unswerving love of human beings. So writing "silk to death" gives this image various metaphorical meanings. "Silkworm should not be old (no, it means' ignoring' here), and it often wears silk day and night. What a pity! When you are exhausted, it is time to be lingering. " The intention is similar to the sentence of "Spring Silkworm" in Untitled. The idea of "how to be tired" of spring silkworms here is a kind of idea of "lingering has its own time", and its future is quite promising. The phrase "spring silkworm" in Untitled is not like this. As far as its pursuit spirit is concerned, its pursuit is hopeless, but it doesn't care if there is hope. Different emotional realms make associations more tortuous. In the Yuefu before Li Shangyin, it was not uncommon to compare burning candles with suffering. For example, "Thinking of you is like a candle, frying in the middle of the night" (Wang Rong's "Gentleman Coming Out"), "Thinking of you is like a candle, frying in tears for a thousand lines" (Chen, same topic) and so on. "Every night the candle will cry the wick away" is also a metaphor of the candle, but it does not simply compare the pain with wax tears. But through "starting from the ashes", it further embodies the painful feeling of life. Lenovo is much more profound and complicated than previous people, and its image is much richer. The above four sentences focus on revealing inner emotional activities and concretizing unspeakable complex feelings, which are beautifully written.

Necklace guesses and imagines each other's lovesickness from the perspective of the poet's considerate care. The last sentence is an image of a young woman who "looks in the mirror with makeup and caresses her temples to hurt herself", which implies her thoughts and worries. "Changing temples" refers to being unable to sleep at night because of painful torture, resulting in the loss of temples and gaunt face, which is what Wu Yun, a poet of the Six Dynasties, said: "Worrying changes temples, crying makes beauty disappear" (Six Poems with Ma Xiaoxi). However, the sentence "Xiao Jing" in Untitled said that when I looked in the mirror in the morning, I was worried about "cloud change" and it was "but worried"-just worried. This vividly describes the spiritual activities of graceful songs, rather than simply describing the fact that youth is consumed by pain. The night is haggard because of pain, and the morning is haggard and painful. The pain at night is because the pursuit of love cannot be realized; The next day I was worried about haggard, hoping to stay young for love. In short, I am haggard with love, but I am depressed with pain. This lingering feeling day and night still shows a painful and persistent heart. The next sentence, "You should feel the cold of moonlight", is to reflect the psychological desolation through the feeling of physical coldness. The word "should" is a tone of conjecture and expectation, indicating that all this is my imagination of the other party. The imagination is so vivid that it reflects her eagerness and deep understanding of her lover. Write the sadness of lovesickness of young women on a cold night. If they meditate late at night and feel lonely and unaccompanied, they will feel the biting cold of moonlight. Delicate description of each other's sadness shows the poet's consideration for the woman and the poet's deep affection.

Tail couplet, the more concrete the imagination, the deeper the yearning, the more eager to meet, which is its content. Since there is no hope of meeting, I have to ask the messenger to pay tribute to myself and visit him in person. Poems often compare immortal couples. Jade bird is the messenger of a goddess, the Queen Mother of the West. Pengshan is a fairy mountain in myths and legends, so here Pengshan is regarded as the symbol of the other party's residence, and Jade Bird appears as the messenger of the lyric hero. This hope at the end of the messenger has not changed the painful situation of "meeting each other late", but it is a hopeless hope and the future is still slim. When the poem is over, the pain and pursuit of the lyric hero will continue. This poem is full of pain, disappointment, lingering and persistent feelings from beginning to end. Every couplet in the poem is a reflection of this emotional state, but the specific artistic conception of each couplet is different. They repeatedly show the complex emotions throughout the poem from different sides, and at the same time reflect the psychological process with this complex emotion as its content vertically with their close connection. This continuous, implicit and profound lyricism successfully reproduces the deep affection in my heart.

Li Shangyin had similar descriptions in the first, third, fourth and fifth sentences of his previous poetry creation. The poet was inspired, inherited and used for reference by his predecessors. However, he did not simply imitate his predecessors, but took a big step forward with high creativity, transforming the original simple means of expression into more tortuous and vivid, so as to reflect richer and deeper thoughts and feelings. In fact, he has removed the old traces and become a new creation. It can be seen that the poet's rich literary accomplishment and exploration of artistic conception and means of expression are important conditions for the success of this poem.

Li Shangyin was a great poet as famous as Du Mu in the late Tang Dynasty. But in terms of influence on later generations, he surpassed Du Mu. An important contribution of Li Shangyin in the history of poetry is to creatively enrich the lyric art of poetry. In his poetry creation, he often constructs a beautiful image with hidden feelings and beautiful scenery with clear pronunciation and mellow voice and beautiful sentences. The most representative work of this style is his Seven-character Law, among which Untitled (mostly seven-character close style) is the most typical. The title of the poem "Untitled" is the creation of Li Shangyin. This kind of poem is not written in one place and one time, but mostly describes love, and its content is called "untitled" because it is inconvenient to express clearly or because it is difficult to express it with an appropriate topic. Some of them may not have their own sustenance, or they may have the ability to love. Although many scholars have made textual research on this, before there is conclusive evidence to prove that they have their sustenance or what they really rely on, they should be regarded as ordinary love poems based on the artistic conception formed by poetic images, which does not hinder the understanding of their artistic value.

author

Li Shangyin (about 8 12 or 8 13 ~ about 858), Han nationality, Yuxi native, also known as Fan Nansheng and Fan Nanzi, was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. His ancestral home was in Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang City, Henan Province), and his ancestors moved to Xingyang (now Zhengzhou, Henan Province). He is good at parallel prose writing, and his poems also have high literary value. He and Du Mu are called "Little Du Li", Wen is called "Wen Li", and Li He and Li Bai are called "Li San". Because the style of poetry and prose is similar to Duan Hewen of the same period, and all three of them rank sixteenth in the family, it is also called "Thirty-six Style". His poems are novel in conception and rich in style, especially some love poems are lingering and memorable. But it is too obscure to be solved, and there is even a saying that "poets always love Quincy and wish that no one could write about Jian Zheng". Caught in the struggle between Niu and Li, I was frustrated all my life. After his death, he was buried in his hometown of Qinyang (now the junction of Qinyang and Aibo County). According to New Tang Book, there are 20 volumes of Fan Nanjia Collection, 20 volumes of Fan Nanyi Collection, 3 volumes of Western Henan, Fu 1 volume, Wen 1 volume, and some works have been lost.