What are the main types of maritime cargo ships?

What are the main types of maritime cargo ships?

Ships can be divided into two types according to their uses: civilian and public. Civilian ships mainly include cargo ships, passenger ships, engineering ships, special ships, fishing ships and other types. Below I will share with you the main types of shipping cargo ships. You are welcome to read and browse.

1. Overview of ship types

Ships can be divided into two types according to their uses: civilian and public. Civilian ships mainly include cargo ships, passenger ships, engineering ships, special ships, fishing ships and other types. The general classification is as follows:

1. Dry cargo ship

General cargo ship, bulk carrier, cement carrier, container ship, ro-ro ship, multi-purpose cargo ship, timber ship, aquatic product transportation Ships, heavy cargo ships, dry cargo barges, car ferries, propeller ships, refrigerated ships, train ferries, ore bulk oil ships, semi-submersible ships, ore ships, car carriers, grain ships, coal ships, livestock ships , barge carrying, container barge, self-unloading ship, heavy lift ship, steel plate carrier, other dry cargo ship

2. Liquid cargo ship

Oil tanker, chemical tanker, chemical tanker/ Oil tankers, liquefied gas ships, asphalt ships, oil barges, product oil tankers, other liquid cargo ships, mud barges

3. Passenger ships

Passenger ships, passenger and cargo ships, passenger ferries, car-passenger ferries, Cruise ships, high-speed passenger ships, passenger barges, ro-ro passenger ships, box ships, train ferries, reception ships, accommodation ships, yachts, other passenger ships

4. Engineering ships

Sand mining ships, dredgers Mud barge, dredging ship, salvage ship, piling ship, crane ship, mixing ship, cable laying ship, dredging ship, engineering barge, pipe laying ship, launching barge, deck barge, forklift ship, riprap ship, laying ship , drilling and blasting ships, self-propelled barges, gold mining ships, other engineering ships

5. Work ships

Platform supply ships, icebreakers, beacon ships, sewage treatment ships, supply ships , garbage disposal ship, oil spill recovery ship, tugboat, push boat, rescue ship, transportation ship, repair ship, cable ship, water supply ship, oil supply ship, fire ship, pilot ship, reoxygenation ship, anchor handling ship, others Work ship

6. Offshore engineering

Drilling platform, floating production and storage ship, platform supply ship, drilling ship, oil field guard ship, wind power installation ship, diving work ship, three-purpose Work ship, oil storage platform, workover platform, accommodation platform, positioning ship, drilling barge, workover barge, pipe laying ship, stone laying ship, barge transfer platform ship, marine engineering auxiliary ship, semi-submersible offshore platform, multi-purpose Work boats, other marine engineering ships

7. Special ships

Scientific research ships, floating docks, motor boats, sailing boats, barges, water platforms, survey ships, exploration ships, scientific research ships , hospital ship, training ship, diving ship, weather ship, ground-effect wing ship, survey ship, hydrofoil ship, hovercraft, catering ship, other special ships

8. Fishing ship

Purse seine fishing boats, trawlers, gillnet fishing boats, longline fishing boats, shrimp boats, whaling boats, aquatic product processing ships, oyster shell harvesting boats, tuna fishing boats, ocean fishing boats, live fish tank boats, recreational fishing boats, refrigerated fishing boats , fresh harvesting ships, squid fishing boats, other fishing boats

9. Official ships

Coast guard ships, surveillance ships, quarantine ships, anti-smuggling ships, law enforcement ships, navigation ships, joint inspections Ships, fishery boats, patrol boats, command boats, tax boats, public security boats, coastal defense boats, other official ships

2. Types of cargo ships

Among them, cargo ships are the number of various ships The most numerous type constitutes the main body of the world's merchant fleet.

Cargo ships can be divided into: Tanker, Bulk Carrier, General Cargo Ship, Container Ship, Refrigerated Ship according to the type of cargo carried and equipment. Reefer Ship, RoRo Ship, Barge Carrier, Chemical Tanker, Liquefied Gas Tanker, Ore/Bulk/OilCarrier , OBO), special ship (Special Ship) and other ship types.

Cargo ships can be divided into ocean-going ships, near-ocean ships, coastal ships and inland river ships according to the waters that can be navigated according to their certificates. It can be divided into the following main types according to the type of cargo and equipment carried:

1. Bulk Carrier

It is specially used to carry non-packaged bulk materials such as powder, granular or block. Cargo transport ship. Common bulk carriers include coal ships, grain ships, ore ships, bulk cement and fertilizer ships, etc.

Since the stowage factors (volume per ton of cargo) of grain, coal and ore vary greatly, the required cargo hold volume, hull structure, layout and equipment are all different. . Therefore, it is generally customary to only call ships that carry grain, coal and other goods with similar stowage factors as bulk carriers, while ships that carry goods such as ore with a smaller loading factor are called ore ships.

Bulk carriers used for bulk cargoes such as grain, coal, ore are usually divided into the following classes:

(1) Capesize bulk carriers (Capesize) above 10 DWT ), also known as Cape type, refers to a dry bulk carrier that can pass through the worst weather conditions of the Cape of Good Hope or the Cape of South America during ocean voyages. This type of ship is mainly used to transport iron ore. Due to size restrictions, it is impossible to pass through the Panama Canal and Suez Canal, and must go around the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn;

　(2) 6-7.5 DWT Panamax bulk carrier. The largest ship allowed to pass through the Panama Canal;

　(3)3-5 DWT Handymax bulk carrier. This type of ship has a shallow draft and can dock at basically any port around the world.

(4)3 DWT Handysize bulk carrier. It is the largest ship type entering the Great Lakes of the United States. The maximum length shall not exceed 222.5m, the maximum width shall not be less than 23.1m, and the maximum draft shall be less than 7.925m.

For ore ships, because the larger the load capacity, the lower the transportation cost, the maximum load capacity can reach more than 400,000 tons, such as Valemax, the world’s largest iron ore producer and exporter. .

2. Tanker Tanker

Type: crude oil tanker, product oil tanker, liquefied gas tanker. Product oil tankers can also be divided into black oil tankers, also called heavy grade oil (HGO) ships, and white oil tankers, also called light oil tankers.

According to the load capacity, it can be divided into:

(1) Giant oil tankers (ULCC, VLCC) or supertankers with a load capacity of more than 200,000 DWT are ocean-going oil tankers, and the maximum load capacity exceeds 500,000 DWT. t.

(2) The 150,000 DWT medium-sized oil tanker, also known as the Suezmax tanker (suezmax), can sail on oceans and is also one of the more common types of oil tankers currently.

(3) An oil tanker with a load capacity of 110,000 tons is called an Aframax oil tanker. It can sail on oceans and is also the most common type of oil tanker at present.

(4) Panamax oil tankers (panamax) with a capacity of 60,000 to 80,000 DWT are offshore oil tankers.

(5) Handysize oil tankers (handysize) of 10,000-60,000 DWT are offshore oil tankers.

The world’s largest supertanker Knock Nevis is a Singapore-registered supertanker belonging to the Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC) class. It is also the world’s largest supertanker. It is the longest ship in the world and the longest man-made floating object on the water. It is more than 1/4 mile long and is longer than the Eiffel Tower lying sideways. In March 2004, the ship entered dry dock in Dubai for modification work and was renamed Nok Nevis. After modification, it was used as a floating oil storage and offloading unit.

3. Liquefied Gas Tanker

A ship specialized in transporting liquid petroleum gas and natural gas in bulk. According to the temperature and pressure of liquefied gas during transportation, it is divided into the following three types:

(1) Pressure-type liquefied gas ship: suitable for short-distance transportation of small amounts of liquefied gas offshore. It pressurizes gas to liquefaction pressure at normal temperature, and stores the liquefied gas in high-pressure containers for transportation. This mode of transportation has a relatively simple hull structure and operating technology, but the container is heavy and the ship's capacity utilization is low.

(2) Low-temperature pressure liquefied gas ship: Control the temperature of the liquefied gas below normal temperature 45 degrees Celsius, but higher than the boiling point of the liquefied gas. Within this temperature range, pressurize the gas to a liquid state When transporting in this way, the temperature and pressure of the liquefied gas need to be controlled, the cabin must be insulated, and a refrigeration device must be installed.

(3) Low-temperature liquefied gas ship: Under atmospheric pressure, the gas is cooled to below the liquid temperature for transportation. There are temperature and pressure controls on board. It is suitable for transporting large quantities of liquefied gas, and there are currently many liquefied gas ships of this type.

Liquefied gas ships can also be divided into liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) ships and liquefied natural gas (LNG) ships. The volume is usually used as the standard for transportation. The former is generally 78,000 cubic meters, and the latter is 13.8 Thousands of cubic meters.

4. General Cargo Ship

Transport ships that can load packaged, barreled, boxed or bundled general cargo are collectively called general cargo ships. The load capacity of general general cargo ships is affected by the source of goods, and the tonnage is not as large as bulk ships and oil tankers.

At present, newly designed general cargo ships are developing towards multi-purpose types, which enable the ships to carry not only general cargo, but also bulk cargo, containers or large cargo as needed to improve operational efficiency. There are many types of general cargo ships, usually divided into single-deck ships, multi-deck ships, special ships, refrigerated ships, ro-ro ships, etc.

General cargo ships usually have a small load capacity. The deadweight tonnage of ocean-going general cargo ships is about (1-14,000 tons), the deadweight tonnage of offshore general cargo ships is about 5,000t, and the deadweight tonnage of coastal general cargo ships is less than 3,000. (Due to the large variety of goods, insufficient supply, slow loading and unloading speed, long port call time, and excessive load capacity of general cargo ships, it is economical)

5. Container Ship

With For transport ships that mainly carry containers, their carrying capacity is generally measured in terms of 20ft standard units (TEU) loaded. The first container was modified by the Americans from an ordinary cargo ship in 1956. The loading and unloading efficiency was 10 times higher than that of groceries, and the port stop time was greatly shortened. Therefore, it was quickly promoted around the world.

Full container ship, also called full cabin container ship. It is a ship specially designed to carry container cargo and does not carry other forms of cargo.

A semi-container ship has a dedicated cargo hold for containers in the middle area of ??the ship, while the cargo holds at both ends of the ship carry other general cargo.

Convertible container ship is a multi-purpose ship. The cargo hold of this kind of ship can be modified at any time as needed. It can carry both containers and other general groceries to improve the utilization rate of the ship.

The CSCL Global is the first of five 19,100TEU container ships ordered by China Shipping Container Lines and Hyundai Shipyard in South Korea in 2013. The ship is 400 meters long and nearly 60 meters wide. After the delivery of the China Shipping Global Ship, it will break the current record for the world's largest container ship and become the largest and most advanced container ship in the world today.

6. RoRo Ship

Cargo loading and unloading on a ro-ro ship is not carried out vertically from the cargo hatch on the deck, but through the bow, stern or both sides of the ship. The opening on the side and the springboard that is built back to the dock are used to transport the container or cargo together with the wheeled chassis from the ship cabin to the dock with a trailer or forklift. The main advantages of ro-ro ships are: no lifting equipment is required, and the goods can be transported directly to the receiving location without being transferred at the port, which shortens the cargo turnover time and reduces cargo damage.

7. Combination-purpose ships obo carriers

Combination-purpose ships are dual-purpose or triple-purpose ships that can carry crude oil, bulk cargo or ore. Although special-purpose ships such as bulk carriers, ore carriers and oil tankers have relatively large carrying capacity, due to the single type of cargo they transport, they cannot ship other types of cargo on their return voyage, so they have to empty their ballast. The loading of a dual-purpose ship changes according to the type of cargo. The ship can load different types of cargo during the round-trip voyage. There are two main types of dual-purpose ships:

(1) Ore/oil dual-purpose ships, used to transport ore and crude oil. Referred to as O.O ship (ore/oil), the middle cargo hold of this kind of ship is relatively narrow, accounting for about 40% to 50% of the entire ship's cargo hold volume. When transporting ore, it is loaded in the middle cargo hold, while when transporting crude oil, it is loaded in both side tanks and the middle tank.

(2) Ore/bulk/oil three-purpose ship, used to transport ore, lighter bulk cargo and crude oil. Referred to as combinedcarriers obo.

8. Barge Carrier

Also known as the mother-child ship. This is a kind of container that uses the barge as a "floating container", uses the mother ship's lift and rolling equipment to load the barge into the mother ship, or uses the lifting equipment on the mother ship to lift the barge (sub-ship) from the water, and then puts it into the mother ship. Such ships are collectively referred to as barge-carrying cargo ships. Many barge-carrying vessels carry container ships on their decks. Typical barge-carrying cargo ships include the following types:

(1) Ordinary barge-carrying cargo ship: also known as LASH (Lighter AbroadShip, LASH). Like a full container, it is also a ship with a compartmental structure. There are many barge compartments in the cabin. Each barge compartment can be stacked with barges, and 2 layers can be stacked on the deck.

(2) Haifeng type barge carrier: also known as See-Bee Carrier. It is characterized by the fact that there is no hatch, and there are three fully-accessible decks in the cabin. There is a lifting platform and a trolley horizontal rolling device in the lifting shaft at the stern of the barge for loading and unloading.

(3) Catamaran barge-carrying cargo ship: also known as Barge Abroad Catama-ran (BACAT). This kind of ship has a catamaran structure, with a closed front and a separated tail. It relies on a lifting platform and rollers on the deck to load and unload barges.

(4) Floating-dock barge-carrying cargo ship: also known as Barco-type barge-carrying cargo ship, it uses a mother ship to sink into a certain water depth, and uses a floating dock to float the barge in and out, and can load barges in multiple layers. .

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