How to plant loquat seeds _ The efficacy and function of loquat?

Loquat is mostly planted with seeds. What should I pay attention to when sowing? Then let's take a look at the planting method of loquat seeds that I carefully recommend for everyone, hoping to help you.

How long does loquat seed germinate?

First of all, it depends on whether you plant in the north or the south. Secondly, loquat seeds germinate within 5-7 days at the earliest.

How to plant loquat seeds

Loquat seeds have no dormancy period, so they should be picked and sown. A large number of seeds should not be piled up and exposed to direct sunlight, so as not to lose their germination ability. Shallow sowing is better when sowing, and the depth should not exceed 1 cm. If the seeds are rolled into the soil with wooden sticks, and the soil is not covered, and the border is covered with straw, the germination can reach 90-95%, and the seedlings grow rapidly and healthily. The sowing amount is 80- 100 kg per mu, and seedlings emerge about two weeks after sowing.

When will loquat seeds be planted?

Loquat seeds have no dormancy period, so they should be picked and sown. A large number of seeds should not be piled up and exposed to direct sunlight, so as not to lose their germination ability. Shallow sowing is better when sowing, and the depth should not exceed 1 cm. If the seeds are rolled into the soil with wooden sticks, and the soil is not covered, and the border is covered with straw, the germination can reach 90-95%, and the seedlings grow rapidly and healthily. The sowing amount is 80- 100 kg per mu, and seedlings emerge about two weeks after sowing.

Cultivation and management techniques of loquat

Loquat is native to China and belongs to the genus Loquat in Rosaceae. Wild loquat is distributed in Hanyuan, Luding, Huili and Puge in Sichuan, Changyang and Shi Si in Hubei. Loquat has been cultivated in China for at least two thousand years. Mainly distributed in the provinces south of the Yangtze River. In recent years, the production of loquat in Sichuan Province has developed rapidly, and loquat has been planted all over the province except Ganzi Prefecture. Wengong District of Renshou County was named "the hometown of loquat in China" by the Ministry of Agriculture on 1999. At present, the production and development scale of high-quality loquat in Sichuan Province has been expanding, and it has become one of the fastest growing fruits in summer in recent years. Loquat production in other provinces of China is mainly concentrated in Tangqi and Huangyan in Yuhang, Zhejiang, Dongting Mountain in Wuxian, Jiangsu, Putian and Xiao Yun in Fujian, and Xie Xian in Anhui. Others are Yuanjiang, Changsha and Xinhua in Hunan, Quxian, Deqing and Wenzhou in Zhejiang, Fuzhou, Fuqing and Lianjiang in Fujian, Yangxin, Wuhan, Jingshan, Changyang, Shi Si, Yichang, Anyi and Linchuan in Jiangxi, Fengshun, Wuhua, Chaoan, Qujiang, Lechang and Zhongshan in Guangdong, and Guilin, Liuzhou and Zhongshan in Guangxi. Some provinces have listed loquat as a key fruit tree, and planting loquat has become a way for local farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich.

1 month to February

Management points:

1, timely fertilization. During the fruit-bearing period of loquat, fertilization is divided into three times. Apply stable fruit fertilizer at the beginning of flowering, strong fruit fertilizer when the fruit is pitted, and pre-harvest fertilizer when the peel turns color. The fertilizer is mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. For fruit trees over five years old, NPK compound fertilizer 2-3kg, or urea1-1.5kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.75- 1 kg should be applied to each tree. Sprinkle water or water after rain. When fertilizing in June, apply compound fertilizer 1 kg per plant. This fertilization should not be too late, otherwise the fruit may be greedy late.

2. Fruit thinning: when the broad beans are small, the pests, deformed fruits, small fruits, over-dense fruits and late flowering and late fruits should be thinned, and 3-4 young fruits with similar sizes should be selected for each ear.

3. Provide enough water. During the fruit-bearing period of loquat, it is necessary to ensure sufficient water supply, but it is advisable to keep the soil moist. When the weather is dry in late winter and early spring, water should be sprayed in time to cover the tree tray with dry straw or other weeds with the thickness of 8- 10 cm, so as to reduce water loss, keep the soil moist and raise the soil temperature, which is beneficial to the development, expansion and maturity of fruits.

4, foliar topdressing. Loquat was sprayed on the leaves with 0. 1% magnesium sulfate, 0.2% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1000 times triacontanol and 1500 times Shennong compound fertilizer mixture every10-0/5 days. Spray all leaves and fruits evenly at a time, and it is advisable to start dripping water.

5. Bagging: Before bagging, spray pesticides once a week for pest control, and spray insecticides such as pyrethroid or cypermethrin plus carbendazim or zineb wettable powder. The specification of kraft paper bag for bagging is 28×23cm2***, and it can also be replaced by double-layer newspaper bag.

Main pests and diseases and their control: the main pests and diseases that harm loquat fruit are anthracnose, leaf spot, moth, inchworm, scarab and so on. After flowering, young fruits appear, which expand rapidly after hard stone, and the peel turns to Huang Shi. Spray 1000 times of Agropyron cristatum mixture 1 times, 600 times of antiviral alum, or 65438.

March to April

1. Wipe the twigs: It is necessary to wipe the twigs from time to time. If it is found that the new shoots at the base of the ear are sprouting, they should be wiped in time to facilitate the centralized supply of nutrients for fruit growth and development.

2. Spraying: Do a good job in preventing loquat branch rot, and spray carbendazim, carbendazim and other fungicides. If a plant with rotten branches is found, it is necessary to scrape off the diseased bark spots in time, concentrate on burning the diseased skin, and apply 50 times of 50% thiophanate wettable powder to the affected area. When preventing and controlling branchlets and lateral branches, 50% huijun wettable powder can be sprayed 600-800 times a week for 2-3 times continuously.

3. Watering: In sunny days when the temperature is higher than 30℃ in April, water it in the morning and evening to prevent the fruit from wrinkling.

April

1. fruit picking: the peel is completely orange-red, and the best edible flavor is the best harvest time. Fruit picking should be carried out many times, and the fruit can be harvested when it is about 8-9 years old. If the fruit is picked too late, it will easily lead to fruit shrinkage and rust spots. When picking fruit, gently put it down and put it in a plastic bucket with 3-4 layers of toilet paper. & ltbr & gt

May to June

1. Postharvest fertilization: Fertilize loquat once after harvest, accounting for about half of the annual fertilization. The yield per plant of loquat tree is 40KG * * * The same below * * * Apply 50kg of decomposed human excrement and urine with urea 1KG, calcium magnesium phosphate 1.5KG and potassium chloride 1KG.

2. Pruning: when pruning, cut off dead branches, weak branches, cross branches and pest branches, and cut off short branches that are too strong. Pay attention to the even distribution of branches when pruning.

July to August

1, budding: select 1-2 stout new shoots from the new shoots, and remove the rest.

2. Spraying: When the new shoots grow to 5- 10 cm, spraying pesticide 1-2 times, and selecting 70% mancozeb wettable powder 600 times, 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800- 1000 times, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-. The interval between two sprays is 10- 15 days.

3. Control pests such as caterpillars and fruit-eating animals. When the larvae gather in the early stage of hatching, the leaves of caterpillars should be removed, and 20% pyrethroid emulsifiable concentrate can also be used for control.

September to1October

1. Fertilization before flowering: topdressing before flowering in September, applying about 1 kg of compound fertilizer, 3 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, 0/.5 kg of lime and 35 g of borax per plant.

2. Prevent drought. When there is little rain in autumn and winter, in order to improve the pollination rate of loquat, trunk spraying or furrow irrigation can be carried out in sunny morning.

3. Spray growth regulators. Spraying 0. 1% benzylpurine solution or cytokinin 80- 1.20 times can promote bud development and improve fruit setting rate.

Main pests and diseases and their control: loquat red rust can be sprayed with Pomei 0.3 degree sulfur mixture 1-2 times. Yellow caterpillar harms autumn shoots and fruiting branches and leaves. 25% Kung Fu EC can be sprayed 2500-3000 times in larval stage, and it will take effect within half an hour after spraying. Its insecticidal rate is 99%, and it can also be controlled by 80% dichlorvos emulsion 100 times.

1 1 month to1February

Key points of management: flower thinning: when the panicle 15 cm, 40% of the total panicle number should be thinned, and the strong early panicle and middle early panicle should be reserved, and the panicle should be thinned too late and too weak. First, thin 3-6 branches at the bottom and top, leaving 4-5 branches in the middle. The remaining branches are folded on it, leaving two thirds.

Intercropping crops cannot intercrop wheat, corn and other gramineous crops.