How to plant polygala tenuifolia, what's the significance?

The root of polygala tenuifolia, alias polygala tenuifolia, grass, chicken leg and chicken grass. Root medicine has the functions of eliminating phlegm, calming nerves, improving intelligence and increasing intelligence. Plant morphology perennial herbs. Stems clustered, oblique or erect from base. Leaves alternate, linear to narrowly linear, acute at the apex, tapering to short peduncle at the base, entire, raceme, sparse flowers, green and white with purple flowers, symmetrical left and right; Sepals 5, outer wheel 3 small, inner wheel 2 petal-shaped; There are 3 petals, the lower part is United, the central petal is large, keel-shaped, and there are tassel appendages at the top; Stamens 8, filaments sheathlike, separated near the upper end; Ovary superior, stigma 2-lobed, unequal in length. The capsule is oblate with a wing width of more than 0.65438±0cm. The flowering period is April-May and the fruiting period is July-September.

Polygala tenuifolia is a very cold-resistant and drought-resistant herb, which has a wide range of applications and is not strict with the soil. It can grow in barren hills, wasteland, forest belts, grasslands and plains, but it does not grow well in low-lying and waterlogged areas. Polygalae can be planted all year round, and it is best to plant it in a dry area after a thorough rain. As long as the seedlings come out, they will never die of drought again. According to our experiment, the close planting of polygala tenuifolia can obviously increase the yield, with 2 kilograms of seeds per 667 square meters, wide sowing without thinning seedlings, which saves a lot of trouble, as long as we pay attention to intertillage and weeding. In practice, polygala tenuifolia can be harvested after two years of growth, and it can be harvested in the wild for three or several years. General output 150-250kg/667m2, mixed goods 30-38 yuan /kg, first-class goods 55-70 yuan /kg, and the benefit is more than 5,000 yuan /667m2.

The high-efficient yield-increasing technology of artificial planting of polygala tenuifolia is introduced as follows.

First, growing habits

Polygala tenuifolia is used to growing in dry fields, roadsides, hillsides, grasslands and other places. It likes cool climate, avoids high temperature and is drought-resistant. It is suitable for growing in fertile, moist and well-drained loam or sandy loam with a lot of humus. It is not suitable for planting in wet or waterlogged land, which will cause the leaves to turn yellow and fall off. It can grow all over the country.

Second, the cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation

According to the growth habit of polygala tenuifolia, we can choose loam or sandy loam with high and dry terrain and good drainage, or choose ordinary farmland for planting. As polygala tenuifolia is a perennial plant, 1 sub-base fertilizer must be applied when turning the land. 2,500-3,000 kilograms of fully decomposed manure should be applied every 667 square meters, and the depth should be 25-30 cm. 50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate should be applied when the land is turned, and then the harrow should be leveled and thinned, and the border should be leveled.

2. Sowing techniques

Seed propagation, direct seeding. Generally, the whole plot is watered enough, and then the seeds are sown after the water is completely infiltrated. Sow 2 kg every 667 square meters, soak the seeds in water 12 hours before sowing, take them out and mix them with the wet sand accumulated twice, open shallow ditches at the border according to the row spacing 15-20 cm, evenly spread the seeds into the ditches, and cover the soil. After sowing, slightly suppress and water.

Polygalae can be planted in spring, summer and autumn. When sowing in spring, plough the land deeply years ago, and don't rake it after ploughing. One is to store rainwater in that winter, and the other is to freeze some wintering eggs to death. Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day in the second year, the land was finely leveled, bordered, managed and watered according to local conditions. Then, according to the row spacing of 15-20 cm, a shallow ditch of 0.8- 1 cm is opened at the border for sowing. Summer broadcasting refers to the period from June to September. This is the main sowing date of polygala tenuifolia. First, the temperature is higher, and second, there is more rain, which is beneficial to the emergence of polygala tenuifolia. Choose the weather after rain, turn the soil with a plow, or loosen the soil with a rotary tiller. If there is no rain. When the soil moisture is insufficient, water it first and loosen the soil in time. Autumn sowing refers to late September of 10 to early October of 10. Generally, the seedlings sown in autumn are not complete in that year, but all in the next spring. Base fertilizer needs total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium. Then apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Each place depends on the fertility of the local land.

3. Planting method and density. According to the practical experience in recent years, the planting of polygala tenuifolia should be dense rather than sparse. The row spacing is15-20cm, subject to the fact that local hoes can be buried without damaging seedlings. The spacing between plants is uncertain. Sowing methods are the same in spring, summer and autumn. Put the seeds into the polygala seeder and roll the seeder evenly along the shallow ditch, and the seeds will be evenly arranged in the ditch. Another sowing method is to spread the seeds evenly in the ditch by hand and then cover them! Cm of soil, so that the ditch surface is the same as the original ground, water it with your feet and cover it with wheat clothes (the part blown out by the fan when clearing wheat). This will help to keep soil moisture and prevent soil hardening caused by intense sunlight after heavy rain. Seedling can emerge in about 65438 05 days after sowing. There is no rain during this period, so we should water the ditch according to the soil moisture, or spray water on the ditch surface with a sprayer. The soil must be kept moist before emergence. Sowing is the key moment, and choosing sowing before rain or after rain according to the local weather forecast is beneficial to the appearance. When sowing, we must be serious, so that we can plant three parts per mu to ensure the whole harvest. Sowing amount per mu 1.5 kg.

4. Tian Tuan management

(1) interplanting and replanting. When the height of seedlings is 3-5 cm, the spacing between plants should be 3-6 cm, and the missing seedlings should be supplemented in time.

(2) intertillage weeding. After the seedlings of polygala tenuifolia were unearthed, the field management was more troublesome. At this time, the temperature is higher, which is beneficial to the wild growth of weeds and the dwarf of polygala tenuifolia plants. During this period, we should regularly weed and loosen the soil to avoid bullying the seedlings because the grass is higher than the seedlings. Weeding should be done 2-3 times a year after sowing, subject to the fact that there are no weeds in the field of polygala tenuifolia. Generally, the seedlings of polygala tenuifolia do not alternate after sowing. When the actual plant spacing seriously exceeds the data listed in this paper, the seedlings should be interplanted in time. The field management in the second year is similar to that in the first year. When hoes can cultivate land, manual weeding can be used instead of weeding.

(3) water and fertilizer. Polygala likes to be dry. Except for proper watering during seed germination and seedling stage, there is generally no need to water regularly in the later growth stage. Top dressing 1 time in winter and spring and April-May every year, mainly phosphate fertilizer, and 20-25 kg cake fertilizer or 20 kg calcium superphosphate can be applied every 667 square meters.

(4) Topdressing outside the roots. Spraying 1% potassium sulfate 50-60kg or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8080-100 kg every10 day every year from mid-June to mid-July, and spraying continuously for 2-3 times, preferably after 5 pm. Spraying potassium fertilizer can enhance the disease resistance of polygala tenuifolia, promote root growth and expansion, and further increase root yield.

4. Pest control

(1) root rot. Occurs in the rainy season and harms the roots. Field management should be strengthened, the diseased plants should be pulled out and burned in time, and 50% carbendazim 1000 solution should be sprayed 2-3 times every 6-7 days in the early stage of the disease.

(2) Leaf blight. It is easy to happen in high temperature season, which is harmful to leaves. The control method is to spray mancozeb 800- 1000 times solution or Ruimycin 800 times solution 1-2 times.

(3) aphids. Spray with 40% omethoate 1500 times, spray 1 times every 6-7 days, and spray twice continuously.

Third, harvesting and processing.

1. Harvest

After planting polygala tenuifolia, it began to blossom and seed in the second year. Seeds should be harvested in time when the fruit is ripe in July and August. Never remove seeds manually when collecting them. Because many picked seeds are immature, it will affect the germination rate in the coming year. The correct way is to stabilize the polygala tenuifolia in the seed-setting period (May-July) every year, and take advantage of the rainy weather to form a ditch to let the naturally mature seeds fall in. Suck it back with a seed sucker or sweep it back with a tea broom to remove impurities, rinse it with water, dry it, and store it in a dry place for your own use or sale.

The roots can be harvested in the second year, and the roots can be dug after the overground part withers in autumn.

The second step process

Polygalae is a medicine with roots (underground stems). In the third year after sowing, after returning seedlings in autumn or before germination in spring, dig out the roots first, and be careful not to hurt the skin when digging. After cleaning the soil, put it on the concrete floor for 3-4 days. When it is half dry, put the root strips of polygala tenuifolia into a human bag and put them indoors to make the root strips "sweat". After 3 days, when the water is not dry, choose a thick and neat one and rub it back and forth on the flat plate until the pulp is separated from the wood core and the wood core is taken out. Removing the root of the heart is called polygala tenuifolia. Extubation should be light, accurate and skillful, and the longer the extubation, the better. Hit the smaller root with a wooden stick to soften it, take out the wood core and dry it. Because the skin is not tubular, it is named "polygala tenuifolia". Those that are too small to be taken out of the wood core and dried directly are called "polygala sticks". Finally, according to the length and thickness of the polygala tenuifolia tube, it is packaged and sold in categories. It is difficult to draw wood cores, which directly affects the price of polygala tenuifolia pipes. Dry polygala tenuifolia is stored in a dry and ventilated place. For Polygala tenuifolia, it is better to have thick pipes, thick meat and clean wooden hearts.