Liu Changqing, the owner of Furong Mountain (Tang Dynasty) who stayed at Furong Mountain during the snow

Original poem

"The Master Stays at Furong Mountain in the Snow"

Liu Changqing of the Tang Dynasty

At dusk the mountains are far away, the weather is cold and the white house is poor .

Chaimen hears dogs barking, and people return home on a snowy night.

Notes

Meet: meet.

lodge: stay; stay overnight.

The owner of Furong Mountain: Furong Mountain. There are many people in various places named after Furong. This probably refers to Furong Mountain in Guiyang or Ningxiang, Hunan. The host refers to the person who stays with the poet. This poem cleverly describes the mountain village scene and farm life through the situation of staying in a mountain village on a snowy night.

Higurashi: In the evening.

Cangshan Yuan: The green mountains appear very far away in the dusk.

Cang: cyan.

White House: A simple thatched house without decoration. Generally refers to poor people.

Barking: a dog barks.

Night Returner: A person who comes back at night.

Translation

When dusk falls and the mountains are vast, the journey becomes more and more distant. When the weather gets colder, the thatched house looks even more lonely.

Suddenly there was the sound of dogs barking outside Chaimen. It turned out that someone was returning home despite the wind and snow.

Appreciation

At first glance, Liu Changqing's five-character quatrain is a picture of "returning home on a snowy night". The first two sentences are a set of quiet scenery. The sun is setting on the western mountains, the Cangshan Mountain is faintly visible, and thatched houses appear halfway up the mountainside, creating a desolate and desolate scenery. In the center of the picture, the poet is dragging his tired body slowly towards the thatched house, revealing the feeling of a heartbroken man at the end of the world. The last two sentences are a set of moving pictures. The sky is dark, the wind and snow are blowing, the barking of dogs breaks the silence of the mountain village, and the poet is welcomed into Chaimen by his master. The word "Gui" is used very cleverly. It gives a feeling of being at home. The sun sets and the road is exhausted, followed by wind and snow, which makes the journey extremely difficult. Entering Chaimen in the wind and snow brings a warm breath.

This poem has the following writing characteristics:

1. The order of writing is from far to near, from near to person, from sparse to dense.

Through the series of depictions of Cangshan Mountain, wind and snow, white house, firewood gate, barking dogs, and wind and snow, the traveler's joy of lodging is expressed in a clear and progressive manner to highlight the theme. The short 20 words clearly explain the time, place, characters, events and results.

2. Use line drawing techniques to describe colors, and use sunset to express that it is getting dark. Cangshan refers to the gray-white mountain. The author stayed in the Furong Mountain area because of the snow. Cangshan Mountain should be a branch of Furong Mountain. This Furong Mountain is in Ningxiang, Hunan, but it does not necessarily refer to the pale mountain, or generally refers to the pale mountain.

White House, so the saying goes, is a hut that can be vaguely seen in the wind and snow. The wind and snow are, of course, white.

These colors appear pale, distant and desolate.

3. Sound description, the groans of people rushing on the road, the barking of dogs, the sound of wind and snow, as well as the author’s call and the welcome of the host’s house. Many of these sounds are outside the poem, as if It seems to be heard, but it is hidden in the poem, and it is an image outside the image.

4. There is stillness and movement, combine stillness with movement, use movement to describe stillness, and use stillness to contrast movement. At dusk, the mountains are far away, the weather is cold, the white houses are poor, and the scene is static. Hearing the barking of dogs at Chaimen is a dynamic scene. Returning home on a snowy night seems to be quiet, but in fact it is moving. There is movement in the stillness.

5. The method of combining the virtual and the real, and the virtual and the real.

The virtual realm is realized through the real realm, and the real realm must be processed, refined, and discarded under the control of the virtual realm. The mutual generation of virtual reality and reality becomes the unique structural method of poetic artistic conception. The Cangshan Mountain is a virtual scene, the white house is a real scene, the firewood gate is a real scene, the barking dog is a real scene, the wind and snow are a virtual scene, and the returning home is a real scene. The scenery is real, the emotion is virtual, the description is real, and the excitement is virtual. They set off each other, exaggerate the atmosphere, and heighten feelings and thoughts.

6. Use the foil method.

In order to highlight the characteristics of something, other things are put together to set off or contrast, so as to highlight the key points of the chant. For example: use green to set off red, and green leaves to set off red flowers more vividly and beautifully.

The images in the first two sentences are in contrast, setting off a desolate and poor scene. The last two sentences are another contrast, with the moving scenery and the barking of dogs contrasting the silence of dusk.

7. Use the method of blending emotions into scenes and blending scenes.

This kind of scene with the sunset, the mountains far away, the cold weather and the white house showing desolation, cold wind and poverty is actually exaggerating the tragic and desolate mood and situation of the author during his relegation journey, which is also called borrowing scenes to express emotion.

The third sentence describes the barking of Chaimen dogs. The barking of dogs in the wilderness reflects the sadness of the author's situation, and actually describes the complex emotions of being trapped in the end of the world with nowhere to rest.

In the fourth sentence, after returning home on a snowy night, the host welcomes the guests and turns to the guests, and the author returns to a joyful mood.

It seems to be a description of scenery, but it is actually a description of emotions, using sad scenes to express happiness.

The whole poem is a picture scene, describing an "image", and the poet's "excitement" is the endless charm contained in the picture. For example, the title is "The Master Stayed at Furong Mountain", but the host does not appear on the picture. Instead, the picture of "Returning Home on a Snowy Night" reveals the owner's hospitality. The poet writes about the master's kind and beautiful soul through the moment of "returning at night". The journey is difficult, the official career is bumpy, the wind and snow are cold, and the world is cold, but in the depressed villa, the white house family retains this beautiful friendship. This is where the poet's "happiness" lies. The whole poem is full of implicit and unsatisfactory feelings. Full of flavor.

It also expresses the poet's sympathy for the poor life of working people.

The above methods are often used in poetry creation, but the methods and methods all serve the content and the theme. This is called the implicit meaning of poetry, the artistic conception is meaningful, more than implicit, reserved but not exposed, comparing objects with meaning, and poetry expressing aspirations, reaching a higher artistic realm.

Introduction to the author

Liu Chang (zhǎng) Qing (718-790), named Wenfang, was originally from Xuancheng and lived in Luoyang. During the Tang Dynasty, he was a minister, poet, and Confucian scholar. During the Tianbao period, he passed the imperial examination. During the reign of Zhide, he was awarded the title of censor and censor, and moved to Changzhou County as a lieutenant. During the Dali period, he served as the judge of the Jianghuai transfer envoy. After learning that the Eyue transfer station in Huaixi was staying, he was demoted to the Sima of Muzhou. He was upright and relegated twice. During the Jianzhong period of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, he served as the governor of Suizhou and was known as Liusuizhou in the world. He is good at poetry and good at five-character poems, and calls himself the "Five-character Great Wall". The famous work "The Master Stays at Furong Mountain in the Snow" was selected as a textbook for full-time schools in China.