Inorganic simulation test questions in high school chemistry competition

1. Multiple-choice questions (multiple-choice questions, 1 point for each question, 3 points for * * *)

1. Food inspection is an important measure to ensure food safety, and the following are not indicators of food safety inspection ().

A, sulfur dioxide content b, protein content

C, nitrite content d, melamine content

2. Melamine is called "protein essence". When it is hydrolyzed by strong acid or strong alkali aqueous solution, amino groups are gradually replaced by hydroxyl groups, and finally cyanuric acid [C3N3(OH)3] is generated. Cyanuric acid [C3N3(OH)3] can be used to eliminate NO2 in automobile exhaust. The reaction principle is: C3N3 (OH) 33HNCO; 8HNCO+6NO27N2+8CO2+4H2O

The following statement is correct ().

A, C3N3(OH)3 and HNCO are the same substance. B, HNCO is a strong oxidant.

C, 1 mol NO2 NO2 transfers 4 mol D of electrons in the reaction, and NO2 is a reducing agent in the reaction.

3. The gold medal of Beijing 28 Olympic Games is gold inlaid jade, with a diameter of 7 mm and a thickness of 6 mm A chemical interest group made a guess about the composition of the metal in the gold medal: A thought the metal was made of pure gold; B thinks the metal is made of gold-silver alloy; C thinks the metal is made of brass (copper-zinc alloy). In order to verify their guesses, a small amount of powder made of this kind of gold medal is taken for experiments, and the following reagent is added to prove the correctness of the conjectures of A, B and C. The reagent should be ().

A, copper sulfate solution b, hydrochloric acid c, dilute nitric acid d and silver nitrate solution

4. Energy conservation and emission reduction in 28 will become the focus of the new government in China, so energy conservation and building new energy sources are a current topic. In view of this phenomenon, a chemistry study research group put forward the following scheme. What you think is not scientific and reasonable is ().

A, using electrolyzed water to produce pollution-free hydrogen energy b, perfecting the technology of producing gasoline by coal liquefaction

C, developing and popularizing the automobile with methanol as fuel, and further improving the petroleum processing technology

5. Scientists have developed a new type of bacterial fuel cell in recent years, which uses bacteria to convert organic matter into hydrogen, and hydrogen enters the fuel cell with phosphoric acid as electrolyte to generate electricity. The negative reaction of the battery is ().

A, H2+2OH-2H2O+2e B, O2+4h+4e2h2o

c, h22h+2ed, O2+2h2o+4e4oh-

6.26, scientists invented a biofuel cell that can provide power for electronic equipment. The battery includes two electrodes coated with enzymes, which are in a glass tank filled with air and a small amount of hydrogen. Because the gases can be mixed, the expensive fuel isolation membrane is saved, and its working principle is shown in the figure. The following statement is correct ().

A, the negative electrode of the battery

B on the left, the battery can be used in high temperature environment

C, the negative reaction of the battery is H2-2e2H+

D, and the positive reaction of the battery is O2+4e2o2-

7. The following statements about chemicals are incorrect:

A, the main components of common detergents are If you accidentally touch dichlorvos or methamidophos, it is best to clean it with neutral soap solution

D. Organophosphorus pesticides are easier to decompose than organochlorine pesticides and remain in the environment for a shorter time

8. Every year during the National Day, a grand fireworks celebration is held in Shanghai. The colorful fireworks display the charm of some metal ions. The main raw materials of fireworks are black powder, as well as chromogenic agents such as sodium oxalate and copper carbonate (emitting green light) and additives such as potassium chlorate and magnesium aluminum metal powder. The following statement is correct ().

A, copper carbonate gives off green light because it is decomposed by heat; b, the main purpose of potassium chlorate is to produce purple fireworks; c, magnesium and aluminum give off dazzling white light in fireworks; d, the main components of black powder are charcoal and sulfur; 9. Chemistry is a practical and central subject, and many problems in life often involve chemical knowledge. It brings convenience to economic development and people's life, but it also has negative effects. The following statements are incorrect:

A, hypochlorous acid and ozone are all strong oxidants, which can kill bacteria in water. Chlorine is often used to sterilize tap water, because the sterilization effect of chlorine is better than that of ozone, and there are no toxic and harmful substances left < P > B. People have made many kinds of batteries, such as dry batteries, rechargeable batteries and high-energy batteries, by applying the principle of primary batteries. Batteries have played an important role in modern production and science and technology, but waste batteries will do harm to the ecological environment and public health. Therefore, waste batteries must be recycled.

C and alum are often used as water purification agents, but human body absorbs a large amount of aluminum salts, which is prone to "Alzheimer's disease". Therefore, alum cannot be used in large quantities.

D and chlorofluorocarbons are a kind of organic substances containing fluorine and chlorine, and they are excellent refrigerants for refrigeration. However, it can destroy the ozone layer, and people are taking measures to reduce and gradually stop the production and use of HCFCs < P > 1. According to CCTV reports, the closed promotion of ethanol gasoline for vehicles has been carried out in nine cities of Wuhan since December 1, 25. Automobile ethanol gasoline is a new type of automobile fuel formed by mixing denatured fuel ethanol and gasoline in a certain proportion. A number of test results show that it does not affect the driving performance of the car, but also can reduce the emission of harmful gases. It has been widely used in the United States, Brazil and other countries. The following statement about ethanol gasoline is correct ().

A, ethanol gasoline is a pure substance

B, ethanol gasoline as fuel will not produce harmful gases such as carbon oxides, and its advantage is that it can reduce environmental pollution

C, ethanol and gasoline can be used as solvents, and they can also dissolve each other

D, ethanol and ethylene glycol are homologues

11. British media reported on April 15, 25 that Colgate toothpaste contains. The structural formula of triclosan is known as follows. The relevant statement is correct ().

A, the molecular formula of triclosan is C12H6Cl3O2

B, the isomer of Colophon exists

C, triclosan can react with sodium hydroxide solution

D, and triclosan is soluble in water

12. In 28, the Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft was successfully launched, and a spacewalk was realized for the first time, which is a new one in China's space history. The following statement is correct ().

A, KMnO4, Na2O2

B, titanium, as an important aerospace metal, can be used to prepare

C by reducing titanium halide with sodium in industry; the coating on the outer layer of spacecraft booster rocket is a material with stable properties and is not easy to decompose

D, the diaper used by astronauts is made of a polymer material, which belongs to.

A, dipping some vinegar in preserved eggs can remove the smell of ammonia

B, the main components of cotton and wood are cellulose, and the main components of silk and spider silk are protein

C. Only starch solution can be used to test whether the salt is iodized salt

d. When the liquid chlorine tank leaks, it can be moved into a pond and quicklime can be added to the pond

14. In order to make the fry smooth. (2) the carbon dioxide exhaled by the fry is eliminated in time; (3) to prevent the proliferation of bacteria. It is best to add an appropriate amount of () of the following substances in the water for long-distance transportation of fry.

A, sodium peroxide b, chlorine water c, calcium peroxide d, hydrogen peroxide

15. Most plants die in drought, because when the water in the cells disappears, the cell membranes will stick together, and when there is water, they cannot recover. During 1995~1996, scientists found a plant in southern Africa, which withered when it lacked water, but came back to life when there was water. The mystery is that there is a substance in the cell, which will form a glassy substance when the cell is extremely dehydrated. This substance is ().

A, phosphate b, ammonium salt c, potassium salt d, sugar

16. In order to keep eggs fresh, a layer of water glass solution can be coated on the eggshell, which uses water glass ().

A, hydrolyzability b, oxidizability c, alkalinity d, reducibility

17. penicillin test needle uses its dilute solution (2 international units penicillin /mL). At present, there is a vial of penicillin with 2, international units, a 1. mL syringe (with a graduation of .1 mL), water for injection and several clean vials. Now draw 1. mL of water for injection and inject it into the first bottle to dissolve penicillin. Suck .1mL of solution and dilute it with water to 1. mL in the second vial. Suck another .1 mL and dilute it into 1. mL in the third vial. Again ... In which vial is the concentration of penicillin 2 international units /mL?

A, 3 B, 4 C, 5 D, and 6

18. The impurity of crude salt is mainly MgCl2. In industry, crude salt is often crushed and then soaked with saturated salt solution, and then the salt is filtered out. In this regard, the following comments are correct ().

A, before and after soaking, the content of MgCl2 in the soaked salt remained basically unchanged.

B, the concentration of NaCl in the salt water is completely unchanged before and after immersion

C, the saturated salt water after immersion can be used indefinitely

D, the size of crushed particles affects the content of MgCl2 in the salt after immersion

19. Recently, foreign scientists placed a bar magnet in the center of the bottom of a rectangular water tank, and the magnetic field intensity reached 4 Tesla. As a result, the water is pushed to the two walls until the magnets at the bottom of the water are exposed. This experiment shows that water molecules

A, relatively small molecular weight B, nonpolar molecules C and polar molecules D, and the intermolecular force is very weak < P > 2. Put a "cooked" fruit and several "raw" fruits together in a plastic bag and tie the bag tightly. Raw fruit will soon ripen. If you put a few "bricks" soaked in the solution of a substance in the fruit storage room, "raw" fruits (even if there are "cooked" fruits) can be preserved for a long time. Then the substance is ().

A, KMnO4 B, CH2=CH2 C, h2d, none of them are

2. Fill in the blanks (1 point per empty space, 6 points in total)

21. Flies that feed on rotten substances will not get sick, which has aroused great interest. The research results in recent years show that there is a substance called peptide in flies that can protect them from bacterial infection, and this peptide has 2.

22. On May 12th, 28, a devastating earthquake occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan, which shocked the whole world. In order to prevent the epidemic after the disaster, a large number of disinfectants, bleaches and so on were transported to the disaster areas all over the country.

(1) Chlorine dioxide is an internationally recognized fourth-generation high-efficiency and non-toxic broad-spectrum disinfectant, which can be prepared by the reaction of KClO3 with Na2SO3 in the presence of H2SO4. Please write down the ionic equation of the reaction: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) Sodium percarbonate is a new type of oxygen-based solid bleaching agent with multiple uses, and its chemical formula can be expressed as Na2CO3·3H2O2, which has dual properties of Na2CO3 and H2O2. Sodium percarbonate will fail due to chemical reaction with the following substances, of which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

A, MnO2 B, KMnO4 solution c, dilute hydrochloric acid d, Na2SO3 solution

(3) sodium chlorite (NaClO2), a bleaching agent, can be stored for one year at room temperature and in the dark. Chlorous acid is unstable and decomposable, and the ionic equation of the reaction is: HCLO2ClO2 ↑+H+Cl-+H2O (not balanced). When 1 mol 1mol HClO2 is decomposed, the number of electrons transferred is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(4) There are six kinds of particles, namely Fe2+, NO3-, Fe3+, NH4+, H+ and H2O, which belong to the reactants and products in the same redox reaction, so the ratio of reductant to oxidant in this reaction is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

23. Scientists have found that under special conditions, water can show many interesting structures and properties.

(1) Under certain conditions, a weak electric field is applied to the water supply, and water will form ice at normal temperature and pressure, commonly known as "hot ice". The computer simulation diagram is as follows.

hot water ice

The condition that "weak electric field" is adopted to make water form "hot ice" shows that water molecules are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Please expand your imagination and design an application example for "hot ice" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) When liquid water is irradiated with high-energy rays, a water molecule can release an electron and produce a cation at the same time.

① The released electrons can be captured by the "net" formed by several water molecules to form hydrated electrons. You think the reason why the "net" can be formed between water molecules is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

② A cation generated when electrons are released by water molecules has strong oxidation. Try to write the ionic equation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The cation can also react with water molecules to generate hydroxyl groups. It is determined that the water is acidic at this time, and the ionic equation of this process is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

24. Mercury electrolysis of salt water is an important milestone in the development of chlor-alkali industry, which is famous for its high purity and good quality. Its production principle is as follows:

(1) Write down the ionic equation of the reaction in the electrolytic cell and mercury dissolving room respectively:

Electrolytic cell: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Mercury dissolving room _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) When the anode produces 3.36m3 (standard condition) Cl2, the mass of NaOH produced in the mercury dissolving chamber is _ _ _ _ kg.

(3) NaCl solution in electrolytic chamber