Who can answer my following question? Urgent ~ ~! ! ! ! !

Songs: Let the World Be Filled with Love, Love House, Love and Hope (JJ Lin), Stars and I Can't Sleep (Xu Yuteng), Stand up and Believe (Xiao Ke), Sing Life (Han Lei and other stars), Love All over the World (Villen), and Life and Death are inseparable (lyrics by Wang Pingjiu)

Well, almost ~ ~ it's not easy to find ~ ~ ~

These are ancient poems to remember and pay homage to memory:

When the wind was too light in recent 20 years, there was a name called Jiangyou.

Hideteru penetrates a thousand layers of darkness, and the horn spreads Wan Li's sign.

Do you want to wipe your sleeves without anything, leaving only a colorful photo with glasses?

Who can I send Spring Festival information through? Xiling still expresses her feelings.

In ancient times, people had the idea of animism, and at the same time, there were sacrifices. At that time, there were often prayers to worship the mountains and rivers, which were called offerings, prayers or wishes. In the Ming Dynasty, Xu pointed out in the Preface to Distinguishing Styles that "the sacrifice of ancient times only stopped at telling stories", and his writings were not sad, which was different from the funeral writings of later generations. The ancients often used poems to commemorate the funeral of relatives and friends. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the poems in The Book of Songs, such as Kaifeng, Ge Sheng, Yellow Bird and Guo E, etc. , was told of the sadness and pain in the Yellow River basin. After the Warring States Period, Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs", Song Yu's "Evocation of the Soul" and Jing Ke's "Great Tactics" and other sacrificial songs were lingering and sorrowful, and were widely sung in Jianghan. In the Han Dynasty, there were elegies such as Autumn Record and Haoli, with faint mourning and surrounded by sounds. Therefore, Yao Nai in the Qing Dynasty once said in the Preface to Ancient Ci: "Those who mourn for the class have poems, the wind has yellow birds, and the second son takes a boat, all of which are original."

In ancient times, articles expressing mourning in the form of prose were first seen in Zhou Shujin Huan in Shangshu:

However, Eryuan's son Sun Yuan spared no effort to abuse the disease. If you are the three kings, it is the responsibility of the leather to be the heaven and replace someone.

Writing that Zhou Wuwang was dying, Zhou Gongdan prayed to three kings. Please do it for him. The historian carries his wish book in the synopsis of the Golden Chamber. Although it still belongs to praying to heaven, it can be regarded as the budding work of mourning prose because of its suspense about life and death and deep affection for flesh and blood. Later, in order to consolidate the patriarchal clan system, Zhou rulers paid special attention to thick burial. After the death of princes and nobles, Dr. Qing held a memorial ceremony in front of the ancestral temple, and historians read out the obituaries to commend the deceased's achievements and determine his posthumous title. Confucianism ethicized and standardized this ceremony, making it an important part of traditional ethics in China feudal society. According to Zheng Xuan's note in "Zhou Li": "Cheaters are tired, and they are born tired, so we can learn from them." Deception has also become an early form of ancient funerals. At the same time, the Book of Rites also stipulates that "cheap is not expensive, young is not long", which gives it an obvious feudal grade brand. According to Tan Gong, the earliest undertakers were Lu Zhuang Gong Ben Fu and Bu Guo, who believed that "only when there are undertakers can there be undertakers". But only notes, no obituaries. The earliest existing obituary is Confucius obituary written by Lu Aigong in Zuozhuan Aigong Sixteen Years;

Don't hang on to the sky, don't leave an old man behind, and let yourself feel sorry for yourself in the office! Alas, my father! No self-discipline

Although there are only a few words in the full text, there are mournful lines between the lines, which embodies the lyrical characteristics of "opening the story clearly, respecting and mourning it" (Xu Mingshi once wrote "Distinguishing Style"). Because the obituary must be read, "alas!" It was widely used in later mourning articles.

From the funeral in Han Dynasty to the funeral for the public after Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Heng was the funeral for Shu Ren, Cai Yong was the funeral for his wife, and Lu Zhi was the funeral for Li Wensheng. Its style is roughly as follows: "choose words and record lines, pass on the body and praise the text, and the glory will end in sorrow." For people, it is warm; I'm sorry to say that it's a pity. "(Liang's Wen Xin Diao Long Bi Bei) is also a biography in the front row, recording the life of the deceased and expressing praise; After that, he wrote four words to praise the glory of the deceased and to mourn. The former is prose style, while the latter is rhyme style, thus creating a precedent for the combination of rhyme and prose in Regret for the Past for more than two thousand years. At the same time, condolence articles derived from ci fu and scattered eulogy articles derived from eulogy also appeared one after another. In language, mourning demands that "love should be based on pain, and resignation should be based on poverty." (Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Ai Long Diao). Generally, there is order before and rhyme after, which is similar to eulogy. The difference is that early mourning "is given to those who are weak and die young, but not to the end of their lives" (Jin Zhiyu's On Partitions). For example, Cao Zhi's "Tribute to the Golden Praise" mourned his 19-year-old daughter:

Raised in infancy, smiling at children and not dying all the year round, how to treat the punishment, believe in the sins you have done and mourn your weak children? Go to your parents' arms and die in the dirt.

The feeling of sadness and mourning is beyond words. Diaowen has a wide range of contents and is an ancient mass mourning style. Such as Jia Yi's "Hanging Qu Wenyuan":

I am grateful to you, and I feel guilty about Changsha. When I heard about Qu Yuan, I felt myself sinking and gurgling. Thank you, Mr. Diao. It is very embarrassing to suffer from this world, but it is embarrassing. Alas, it's just a bad time. The wind is blowing and owls are flying. I respect and show my happiness, and I am eager for success. The sage is dragging his feet and the founder is falling backwards.

Taking Qu Yuan as a metaphor, he expressed his resentment of being demoted and left out by mourning Qu Yuan. In addition, there is Ban Jieyu's self-pity and self-mourning, which comes from the source of the eulogy; Du Du's "Hanging Bi Gan Wen" has only two even sentences, that is, "Respect Shen Diao Bi Gan and send a letter with a long heart", which can be regarded as the embryonic form of ancient elegiac couplet. As for the mourning prose, the first one is Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty's "Eight Letters to Hang Hou":

However, the tyrant was nice and clean. He served for nine years. The Han family used the old system, and the prime minister worshipped Japan and made him a prince. I was exposed as a strategist, and the hero was not sealed. I am loyal to the minister, and I don't want to surpass him. I didn't meet your orders, but I finally took part in the election. Alas!

This is a government document. Seen in private literature, there are official documents of offering bridges by Cao Cao:

Therefore, Qiu Gong Qiao, who was born in Mingde, is full of love and tolerance. The country reads Ming Xun, and scholars think about it. Lingyou, so beautiful. When he was young, he was promoted to the classroom and accepted by a stubborn gentleman. Zhong Ni said he was not as good as Yan Yuan, and Li Shengzhi sighed Jia Fu. When the scholar died, he knew his friend and never forgot it. He also calmly promised: "There will be a road after death. Don't fight a chicken, it's three steps ahead. Don't blame abdominal pain. " Although it is a temporary joke, it is not a good thing for a close relative. Is that why Hooken resigned? Bandits say that mental anger will cause their own diseases, and they only care about the elderly, but it is very sad to read. Ordered to the east, Tunzi Village, and looking at your land in the north, it is the tomb of the heart. Cut it to thin, it's still delicious!

This is the beginning of the official naming of Sacrifice, which is mainly about mourning the dead, recalling the word "temporary joke" and ending with the word "Shang Yi". This kind of writing has broken the previous practice and gradually been adopted by all walks of life, becoming the basic form of sacrifice for later generations.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to the liberation of social thoughts and the strengthening of literary concepts, in addition to eulogizing princes and nobles, there were some heartfelt words to mourn the flesh and blood and life experiences, which greatly enhanced the lyrical atmosphere of this style. The famous articles in this period are: the obituary of Wang and Cao Zhi, the obituary of Confucius by Ruan Ji, and? Du Fu, Yan Yanzhi's Zheng Tao Poems and Fu, etc. Mourning includes Cao Zhi's Mourning for Jin Xuan and Lu Ji's Mourning for Sima Wu. There are Mi Fei's Zhang Hengwen, RoyceWong's, yours and Luji's. Commemorative articles include Wang Xun's offering of betrothal, self-sacrifice, Wang Senda's offering, Confucius' offering, and Liu Lingxian's offering of Xu Mao. There are also mourning poems written in the form of ci fu, such as Cao Zhi's ode to comfort the soul, Pan Yue's ode to mourn the soul, Jiang Yan's ode to love and Yu Xin's ode to the south of the Yangtze River. Compared with the previous generation, these works are different. In terms of content, due to frequent wars and rebellions during this period, after the rulers seized power, they were more concerned with clearing their names to strengthen themselves, so there appeared a eulogy written in the form of a government proclamation. For example, Cao Pi's Mourning the Emperor Wu, Wang Xun's Mourning the Emperor Wu and so on. In fact, it is a mixture of ancient "mourning" and mourning. The general intellectuals, on the other hand, think that time is harmful to nature, or compare the past with the present, and show more negative emotions about life. Such as Lu Ji's "Hanging Text":

Sad husband! Love is great, but it will be lost. Evil is connected. Knowledge and wisdom can't eliminate its evil, and power can't love it all. Therefore, it's hard for a saint to say what he knows before. If tenderness hates foreign things, it is also right to leave songs in the boudoir and abolish what is virtuous and handsome!

In memory of Cao Cao, such an arrogant figure, we could have made a generous speech, but this article has a low imagination, and disappointment is tied to it, which is painted with a layer of sadness of confusion and hesitation. Formally, due to the monopoly of parallel prose in this period, all literary documents are vast and well-known. Such as Liang Xiaogang's "Sacrifice to the Dead":

The husband's surrender is a rotation, and the hero is rewarded. Father Ban Hao, Su Feng escaped from the net. It's an honor to be a captain. It's a national award. When a person reads, his soul is broken and it is gray. Paste the original dye blade, hold the bone and bury the spring. I don't know anything about it, but I have passed it on by name.

It can be seen that even the eulogy was parallel even at that time. At the same time, the format of eulogy tends to be complete. For example, Yin Yun's "Sacrifice to Xu Ruzi" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty begins like this: "But in Taiyuan for six years, Longji was deserted, and it was so wonderful in October. It was Mr. Xu who was hired by the magistrate because he wanted to send some armor around to make a clean marriage and was too embarrassed to bow to the ceremony. " Specifically point out the time, location, priests, sacrifices and the dead, which has since become the freezing of the opening remarks of the festival.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the ancient prose movement rose, the form of parallel prose gradually declined, and prose became new. Just because prose and parallel prose are close to poetry, they are still conducive to expressing feelings, so there are still prose and parallel prose in mourning poems. But no matter what form it takes, its content and style have changed obviously. One is to simplify the funeral ceremony and abolish the funeral ceremony in this issue, as Xu Shizeng said in "Bian Ti": "The funeral ceremony in ancient times has been decided, but today's funeral ceremony is only based on mourning, and it is not necessary to ask whether it exists or not, but we can know it. As for the festival of nobility and inferiority, it will not be discussed again. " At the same time, it is no longer limited to four words, and gradually transitions to Sao style and long and short sentences. For example, Han Yu's mourning for Ouyang Zhan and Liu Zongyuan's mourning for Lu Wen are both called "obituary" and "mourning", which shows that the two have basically merged. In the Northern Song Dynasty, "what Nanfeng (Ceng Gong) and Dongpo (Su Shi) wrote was always called mourning" (Wen Bian Ti by Wu Ne in Ming Dynasty), and mourning finally replaced obituary. Although the novel A Dream of Red Mansions in the Qing Dynasty appeared later, it was only a game in which the author copied the old name, and it was no longer the original appearance of ancient novels. Secondly, the range of hanging objects is gradually expanding. You can mourn both the dead and sad things, such as Tang Lihua's hanging the ancient battlefield. Third, the name of Acura is further widely used by all walks of life. In addition, there are other names such as accusation, crying, mourning, burial, drinking, sadness and so on. For example, Li Shangyin's Send a Message to My Little niece, Liu Shi's Send a Message to Mr. Xu in the Temple, Shout for Yin Society's Humanity, and Kao Wen on Zu, etc. As for Han Yu's offering sacrifices to crocodiles, Bai Juyi's offering sacrifices to Lushan Mountain and Su Shi's offering sacrifices to the city god, they are all relics of ancient sacrifices to the gods and should not be included in the eulogy.

The funerals of eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties are numerous and beautiful. Among them are Chen Ziang's memorial to Wei Fu, Han Yu's memorial to Shi Erlang, Bai Juyi's memorial to Fu Liang, Li Shangyin's memorial to Uncle Situ, and Su Shi's memorial to Ouyang Wenzhong. , and the first is "Sacrifice to Twelve Lang Wen", which is not in line with the old method in content and writing. Don't write about Shiro's personal deeds, just write about his hardships in his early years, his rebellion as an adult, and his sadness when the bad news came at last:

Oh! When you are ill and ignorant, you can't live with * * * *, you can't caress you with all your sadness, you can't rely on your coffin, you can't stay in your cave, I will let you die because of my ungrateful, unfilial and heartless behavior, and you can't live with you and die together. One is at the edge of the sky and the other is in the corner of the earth. Being born with a shadow does not depend on my shape, but dying with a soul is not connected with my dream. I'm really doing it. What is it? He easily goes to extremes!

It's really a word of blood and tears. It's sad and touching. It was once known as "the tone of the Millennium in the eulogy". Famous for rhyming, Wang Ji offered sacrifices to Du, Shi, Li Ao offered sacrifices to assistant minister Han, Ouyang Xiu offered sacrifices to Qingwen, and Su Zhe offered sacrifices to his dead brother. The first song is Ode to Shi Man Qingwen. This article first laments the immortality of the deceased's reputation, then the sadness of the deceased's grave, and then recalls the sincerity of past exchanges; From the point of view that you should forget your feelings, you can't forget them. The style of writing is abrupt and the syllables are cadenced, which shows the author's infinite grief. It is also called "Farewell forever". In particular, the phrase "born to be English, died to be spiritual" is often quoted by later generations. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, ethnic contradictions were sharp. In Wen Tianxiang, Wang's prose "Sacrifice to Life" written when he was captured by Yuan soldiers, and his verse "Looking at Sacrifice" written after Wen's martyrdom, are heroic in feelings and delicate in language, and are also excellent works in the eulogy.

Of course, compared with the style of writing, the sacrificial ceremonies in the Tang and Song Dynasties still have their own characteristics. Tang Wen won by emotion, while Wen Song won by reason. Due to the emergence of a large number of epitaphs in the Tang Dynasty, these epitaphs contain the traces of the deceased's birth, as well as praise words, and most of them are mourning words, which are more sincere. For example, the aforementioned "Sacrifice to Twelve Lang Wen" is a thousand words, which is another short chapter of Korean "Sacrifice to the Temple", and it is the same:

In 20061February, I will send my official Huang Fuyue to pay tribute to the five senses on Monday: Alas! Even so, what can I say? If there is a ghost, I'm not dead, and I don't care about my wife! Oh! Can you smell this? Shang Xiang!

The full text is only more than 60 words, but I wrote a word and a drop of tears, which makes people laugh. The eulogy in the Song Dynasty was influenced by the discussion in the Song Dynasty, and also covered with the veil of discussion. For example, Wang Anshi's "Official Document of Sacrificing Ouyang Wenzhong" begins:

Husband's business can be caused by manpower, but it is still not expected; The situation in Tianmo is more complicated, so it will be safe to get it. At that time, only male students had heard of it, and the death spread to later generations. If it is enough, it will not be difficult!

This article is a long rhyme eulogy, not a lingering one. But from the discussion, I praised Ouyang Xiu's life as a man with great momentum, and he was also ranked first among the eulogies made by writers of all walks of life at that time. As for Li Yian's "Sacrifice to Zhao Huzhou": "In the daytime, sigh the opportunity of Pang Weng; The city is self-defeating, and the woman's sorrow is deep. " It profoundly summarized the mourning for her husband Zhao Mingcheng, and called it a eulogy. However, even if that sentence is repeated, it is on the edge of the final elegy in the Song Dynasty.

Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties are the successive stages of China's mourning poems. Although there are not many innovative works, they have made great achievements in inheritance. Among them are Wang Shouren's poem "Journey to Lost Home", Gui Youguang's poem "Sacrificing the Valley Outside", Zhong Xing's poem "Sacrificing the Son's Death", Liu Dakui's poem "Sacrificing the Sister", Yuan Mei's poem "Sacrificing the Li Wenzhong Official Document" and Huang Mian's poem "Sacrificing the Opium War in Zhejiang County". Such as "Sacrifice to the Outside Valley":

At the age of four, at the turn of autumn and winter, I suddenly fell into danger and my breathing was awkward. I still miss my mother, and I will help you return to Ning. The disease is not only serious, but also helps the east. Walk along the stream for 24 miles, if you can't get there. October boxer, on the last day, asked the waiter, "two drums." Smelling the wind outside, he said, "It's cold and windy. Can't my mother come?" Can't I stay? "blare! When you are in danger and dying, what is the love between mother and child!

Through the detailed description of the dead wife's thoughts on her mother's deathbed, she expressed her grief over the death of her mother-in-law and the premature death of her children, which highly showed the literary characteristics of the mourning articles. Another example is "Salute to Sister":

Oh! The front can't think, and the back can't know; Cry that you don't smell your words and drink your food. Paper dust, north wind crazy, my brother is back, and I will look back at you. Alas! Alas!

In this paper, I recalled the past, shed tears, and felt affectionate and deeply grieved. Selected by Chinese textbooks for many times. Among them, the rhyme style (or parallel prose) is more famous, including Xu Wei's Official Document in Sacrifice to Shaobao Hu, Huang Zongxi's Mourning for Mr. Zhang Daixuan, Yan's Mourning for Na Lanxing, Mourning for Mr. Guo Rulin, Mourning for Salt Boat and Mei Zengliang's Mourning for Mr. Chen Shishi, etc. For example, "The Salt Boat":

Alas! And all beings take advantage, that is, the sky. My wife was surrounded by it and got out of bed in anger. Stick to it, use Deng. Leaving with impunity is a national mourning. I am nameless, I am not his destiny. What happened to heaven? What's wrong with it? If the wandering soul does not return, people will lose their lives. The rice cooker is full of pulp, and Linjiang whimpers.

In this article, it is a tragic scene in which a salt boat caught fire and many businessmen died tragically, which makes the author full of infinite sympathy and sadness, so it is also called a famous article.