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A short story about Yan Di, the Yellow Emperor and Yao Shun's land of Yu Yan, surnamed Jiang. According to legend, he is a bull's head, probably a clan leader with a totem of cattle. This clan was active in the Weihe River basin at first, and then entered the middle reaches of the Yellow River, which had a long-term conflict with the Jiuli nationality. The leader of the Jiuli nationality is Chiyou, a beast with a human face and a beast's heart, a bronze head, an iron neck, horns on its head, hair on its ears as hard as a halberd, and capable of eating sand and stones. It may be a clan with some kind of beast as its totem. He has eighty-one brothers, that is, eighty-one clans, and he is a powerful clan tribe that is brave and good at fighting. Chiyou expelled Emperor Yan to Zhuolu (now the Sanggan River basin in northwest Hebei). Emperor Yan asked the Yellow Emperor for help, and the two sides fought in Zhuolu. Chiyou invited the Rain God from Fengbo to make trouble, which created a fog and made the soldiers of the Yellow Emperor lose their way. The Yellow Emperor invited Nu Wa, the god of drought, to clear up and built a "south guide car" to tell the direction. The result of this fierce battle was that Chiyou failed and was killed. The Yellow Emperor won the victory and was elected as the "son of heaven". After the Yellow Emperor, several outstanding tribal leaders appeared in the Yellow River Basin, namely Yao, Shun and Yu. This is the late Longshan culture, and the clan system is about to collapse. According to legend, Yao, also known as Tao, was born in Fenhe River valley in Shanxi Province today. At present, Yi Village in the south of Linfen, Shanxi Province has the tablet of "Emperor Yao Mao Ci Tai", Yao Temple Village has Yao Temple, Linfen County has Yaoling and Shenju Cave. His life is very simple. Ancient books say that he "eats from the rough, takes the soup of quinoa, has fur in winter and clothes in summer", that is, he lives in a simple house made of uncut thatched reeds and shaved rafters and eats. However, he cares about the people. Some people in the tribe are hungry and cold. He said that he made them hungry and cold, and some people were punished for their crimes. He said that this is because he is not well disciplined at ordinary times, and he has come out to take responsibility. Shun, also known as Youyu, is a native of Yao Ruins (now northeast of Yuanqu, Shanxi). Legend has it that he was inspected by Yao before he succeeded him as the leader of the tribal Council. He worked in Lishan (another name for Zhongtiaoshan), fished in (now north of Ruicheng, Shanxi), made pottery by the river in Taocheng (now north of Yongji Town, Shanxi), and was later sealed by Yao in a dangerous place (now southwest of Pinglu, Shanxi). After he became the leader of the tribal alliance, he became Puban (now Zhou Pu Town). Shun is strict with self-discipline and lenient with others. He was framed by his stepmother and half-brother several times, but fortunately, his virtuous wife cleverly designed a plan to save him from danger. However, after he was elected as the leader, he ignored the past and treated his stepmother and brother leniently, so that some enemies were moved and devoted to doing good. Yu's ancestors are said to have lived in Hetao area, and moved to western Henan when Yu lived. He took the world as his responsibility and led the people to control floods and develop production, which was highly praised. Due to the good governance of Yao, Shun and Yu, the society at that time achieved great development, showing a scene of peace and tranquility. "The world is peaceful and the people have nothing to do." Therefore, he was honored as a sage by later generations.

Huangdi's surname is Ji, Xuanyuan and Xiong. Legend has it that Huangdi originally lived in the northwest and lived a nomadic life without a settlement. After defeating Chiyou, he fought three wars with Yan Di in Hanquan. The Yellow Emperor commanded the clans with bears, dragons, raccoons, tigers and other beasts as totems to participate in the war, defeated the Yan Di tribe and entered the Yellow River valley. Since then, the Huangdi tribe has settled in the Central Plains and developed rapidly. According to the historical records, "Twenty-five descendants of the Yellow Emperor, 14 of them have surnames, which are twelve surnames", indicating that these tribes have formed a huge tribal alliance. The descendants of the Yellow Emperor merged with other tribes to form the Chinese nation, and Xuanyuan of the Yellow Emperor was regarded as the ancestor of the Chinese nation. Later, China people claimed to be "descendants of the Yellow Emperor". What is the relationship between Yan Di and Yao Shunyu? Yao Shunyu is actually the great-grandson of later emperors, and Huangdi is the grandfather of these three ancestors. Specifically, Emperor Yao is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, Shun Di is the eighth grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and Dayu is even younger, and the seventh great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor.

The historical stories of Yandi, Huangdi and Yao Shunyu are the same and better. How did the Yellow River and its sons and daughters walk from the dawn of civilization to the threshold of civilization? To solve this mystery, we should not only rely on archaeological relics, but also make use of many ancient myths and legends recorded in ancient books. The legends of Yanhuang and Yao Shunyu can help us find some traces of the Yellow River and its descendants from early civilization to civilized times.

The Yellow Emperor and Yan Di are not emperors, but two tribal leaders in the ancient Yellow River valley recorded in ancient books. Huangdi and Yandi were born in the Weihe River basin, a tributary of the Yellow River, which was already in the patriarchal commune era. Legend has it that they are all descendants of Shaodian, the "Bear Princess". "In the past, Shaodian married Youshi and gave birth to Huang (Yellow) and Yandi. The Yellow Emperor was made of water, and the Yan Emperor was made of Jiang Shui. Success is different from virtue, so the Yellow Emperor is the discipline and the Yan Emperor is the ginger. " The "fate" mentioned here does not mean that both Huangdi and Yandi are descendants of Shaodian, but that they are all descendants of Shaodian. "The Yellow Emperor took the name of pumping water" means that he grew up on the bank of pumping water, so he took pumping water as his surname. Jishui immediately used ancient lacquer water, which originated in Dulin, northwest of linyou county, Shaanxi Province, and merged into Weihe River in Wugong County today. Jiang Shui is the lower reaches of Qingjiang River, a tributary of Weihe River, which joins Weihe River in Baoji, Shaanxi. In other words, the initial activity areas of the two tribes of Yanhuang were in the upper reaches of Weihe River, a tributary of the Yellow River. Legend has it that the original surname of the Yellow Emperor was Gongsun, but he changed his surname to Ji because he was longer than Ji Shui. Once lived in the hill of Xuanyuan,No. Xuanyuan; Because it is a descendant of a bear, it is also called Xiong's. He was born as a god, weak and eloquent, young and loyal (clever), long and sensitive, and wise. Later, he was elected as a tribal leader and led his troops to migrate to northern Shaanxi to settle down. With the development of agricultural production, in order to find more flat, open and fertile land, we went south along the Beiluo River to Dali and Chaoyi in Shaanxi today. The yellow land there gave them convenient conditions for developing agriculture, but the drought that appeared from time to time troubled them and forced them to continue looking for their ideal place. As a result, the Yellow Emperor led his troops from Dali and Chaoyi to cross the Yellow River eastward, along Zhongtiao Mountain and Taihang Mountain, into the Fenhe River basin, and then pushed northeast to reach Zhuolu, Hebei Province today. There is a wide valley suitable for farming formed by the alluvial of Sanggan River and Yanghe River, and there is a hunting forest nearby. They thought the environment was superior and settled down. Just as the Yellow Emperor led his tribe eastward, Emperor Yan also led his people on a long journey. Yan Di, also known as Yan Di, said that he was born in Lishan Mountain, that is, Lishan Town, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, and that he was born in Changyang, that is, Yangshan, the head of Shennong Township, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. "He is a man, surnamed Jiang, also known as." In order to find an ideal place to settle down, he also led the tribe to migrate eastward. But the route they took was different from that taken by the Yellow Emperor. They first went down the Weihe River to the southwest of Henan, then down the Yellow River to the east of Henan and settled there. At that time, with the emergence of private property and the disintegration of clan system, tribal leaders gradually mastered certain privileges. Wars often occur between tribes in order to compete for living space and each other's strength. In order to satisfy their own selfish desires, some tribal leaders "saw with knives and used armour", and also launched wars to plunder wealth and enslave other clans and tribes. This kind of war has intensified social division and brought great threat to normal agricultural production, but the customary law of clan system, which regulates social contradictions, has lost its function at this time, which seems to be inadequate. In the face of more and more wars, blood tribes unite with each other, form alliances, and then form larger consortia. At this time, the two tribes of Yan and Huang also conquered all directions by force and expanded their power, thus triggering large-scale conflicts. The two sides fought three wars in Hanquan (now Huailai, Hebei Province). The six clans under the Yellow Emperor, namely, the bear, the scorpion, the raccoon and the tiger, were killed in the dark together with the Yan Di tribe, and the Yan Di tribe was defeated and had to surrender. Because the two tribes are related by blood, the Yellow Emperor did not slaughter the Yan Di tribe, but formed a tribal alliance with them, and the Yellow Emperor became the leader of the Yanhuang tribal alliance. After a long period of development, the Yanhuang Tribal Alliance formed the embryonic form of the Chinese nation in the future. Later, Chiyou, the leader of Jiuli who settled in Qufu, Shandong Province, expanded his sphere of influence and triggered a war with the Yan Di tribe. Jiuli, or Jiuyi, belongs to Dongyi nationality. Legend has it that Chiyou has 9 tribes, 8 1 clan. He talks like a monster, eating sand and stones, which may be because the descendants of the Yellow Emperor deliberately vilify other tribal leaders. "Making metallurgy with Chiyou", "Taking gold as a soldier", making sticks, knives, halberds and crossbows, which are brave and good at fighting, shocked the world. He led a tribal alliance composed of nine tribes to attack the Yan Di tribe in the west of eastern Henan. Unable to resist, Yan Di tribes lost their homes. Chiyou followed, and Emperor Yan asked the Yellow Emperor for help. The Yellow Emperor then led troops to meet the enemy and fought fiercely with Chiyou in Zhuolu. The war is extremely fierce. It is said that the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou are invincible in nine battles. For three days and nights, the Yellow Emperor tribe couldn't see the direction clearly. After the gale, the "ministers" of the Yellow Emperor were inspired by the Beidou constellation and invented the south guide car, so that they were able to rush out of the fog. With the help of Xuan Nv, the Yellow Emperor made 80 drums, which were covered with the skin of the East China Sea god beast osmium, and made drumsticks with Lei Shou's bones. They were beaten in the battle and could be heard 500 miles away. The battle lasted for a long time, and finally a decisive battle was held in Jizhou. The Yellow Emperor sent Ying Long to attack Chiyou, and Ying Long put water into the water array. Chiyou invited a rain master from Fengbo, and there was a storm, which washed away the water array and put the Yellow Emperor in trouble. The Yellow Emperor invited Xiuli Jiami, the heavenly daughter, to stop the wind and rain, and the weather suddenly cleared up. Chiyou was at a loss and his men were terrified. The Yellow Emperor commanded an army to cover and kill the past and won the final victory. Chiyou surrendered to the Yellow Emperor with the Fengbo Rain Master he invited. The Yellow Emperor entered the area where Dongyi lived. He "drives six dragons like an elephant, with blue eyes (one trillion firebird) in the lead, Chiyou in the front, Fengbo in the back, the rain teacher in the rain, the tiger and the wolf in the front, ghosts and gods in the back, and the Phoenix Emperor (Phoenix) covering it". He went to the top of Mount Tai to see ghosts and gods and played a tragic and sad ". Chiyou was later killed, and some Jiuli people joined the Yanhuang tribal alliance and merged into the Huaxia people; Part of it went south and merged into the southern Miao nationality. The victory of the battle of Zhuolu further expanded the power of the Yanhuang tribal alliance and developed into a larger tribal consortium. The authority of the Yellow Emperor was greatly improved, integrating judicial power, sacrificial right, military command and production command. All tribes must obey his orders, and if they don't, they will send troops to conquer. He also built mountains and roads, trying to break through the isolation of tribal areas and promote exchanges between tribes. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor never lived a peaceful life. 1 18 years old died in Jingshan while traveling in Henan. People escorted him back to northern Shaanxi and buried him in Qiaoshan Mountain in huangling county, Shaanxi Province. This is the Huangdi Mausoleum mentioned earlier. Since the Yellow Emperor was later honored as the ancestor of China, later generations attributed many ancient inventions to him and his "ministers", such as building houses, drilling wells, sewing clothes, making crossbows for ships, smelting stones and copper, and creating music. His wife Lei Zu invented sericulture, his "minister" Cang Xie created words, and Ling Lun created music and joy, and so on. For the same reason, Emperor Yan was honored as the ancestor of China, and later generations praised him for his inventions and called him Shennong. In pre-Qin legends, Shennong and Yan Di were originally different figures in two eras, and Shennong lived before Yan Di. During the Warring States period, people put two people together and called them Emperor Shennong. They said, "Shennong makes wood, polishes wood and Lei Lei to teach the world", "You can taste a hundred herbs before you get medicine" and "You can also be a banjo to teach people to become a city in China". Of course, these inventions are also the collective creations of people in primitive times. Although Emperor Yanhuang is only a legend, and their inventions are also the crystallization of the wisdom of the sons and daughters of the Yellow River in ancient times, as the symbol of the ancestors of the Chinese nation and the embodiment of the pioneers of Chinese civilization, they are still admired and missed by future generations. Therefore, there are many legends about Yanhuang in the land outside the Yellow River basin and the Yellow River basin, leaving many places of interest related to them. Besides the Mausoleum of Huangdi in huangling county, Shaanxi, Yan Di Temple and Yan Di Mausoleum in Baoji, there are also the Jingling Palace in Qufu, Shandong, the Temple of Heaven of King Wu in Xinzheng, Henan, the Temple of Heaven in Jiyuan, the Huangdi City and Huangdi Spring in Jingshan, Zhuolu, Hebei, the Huangdi Temple and Xuanhuangtai in Dujiangyan, Sichuan, the Yuanxuan Palace and Leizu Tomb in Yanting, and Xuanyuanfeng in Huangshan, Anhui. Wenwen Palace in Pingliang, Gansu, Xiling Mountain and Leizu Temple in Yichang, Hubei, Shennong Temple in Suizhou, Shennong City and Shennong Well in Gaoping, Shanxi, Shennong Wugutai in Huaiyang, Henan, the statue of Emperor Yanhuang in Zhengzhou, Yandiling in Yanling County, Hunan and so on. These long-standing legends and places of interest have played an inestimable role in enhancing the sense of identity of the Chinese nation, inspiring the national pride of the descendants of the Yellow Emperor and enhancing the cohesion of the Chinese nation. After the Yellow Emperor, several outstanding tribal leaders appeared in the Yellow River Basin, namely Yao, Shun and Yu. This is the late Longshan culture, and the clan system is about to collapse. According to legend, Yao, also known as Tao, was born in Fenhe River valley in Shanxi Province today. At present, Yi Village in the south of Linfen, Shanxi Province has the tablet of "Emperor Yao Mao Ci Tai", Yao Temple Village has Yao Temple, Linfen County has Yaoling and Shenju Cave. His life is very simple. Ancient books say that he "eats from the rough, takes the soup of quinoa, has fur in winter and clothes in summer", that is, he lives in a simple house made of uncut thatched reeds and shaved rafters and eats. However, he cares about the people. Some people in the tribe are hungry and cold. He said that he made them hungry and cold, and some people were punished for their crimes. He said that this is because he is not well disciplined at ordinary times, and he has come out to take responsibility. Shun, also known as Youyu, is a native of Yao Ruins (now northeast of Yuanqu, Shanxi). Legend has it that he was inspected by Yao before he succeeded him as the leader of the tribal Council. He worked in Lishan (another name for Zhongtiaoshan), fished in (now north of Ruicheng, Shanxi), made pottery by the river in Taocheng (now north of Yongji Town, Shanxi), and was later sealed by Yao in a dangerous place (now southwest of Pinglu, Shanxi). After he became the leader of the tribal alliance, he became Puban (now Zhou Pu Town). Shun is strict with self-discipline and lenient with others. He was framed by his stepmother and half-brother several times, but fortunately, his virtuous wife cleverly designed a plan to save him from danger. However, after he was elected as the leader, he ignored the past and treated his stepmother and brother leniently, so that some enemies were moved and devoted to doing good. Yu's ancestors are said to have lived in Hetao area, and moved to western Henan when Yu lived. He took the world as his responsibility and led the people to control floods and develop production, which was highly praised. Due to the good governance of Yao, Shun and Yu, the society at that time made great progress, showing a scene of peace and tranquility. "All is well and the people are fine. "Therefore, they are revered as sages by future generations. The legends, sites and place names of Huangdi Yao Shunyu in Yan Di, Shanxi Province include Quwo Huangdi Temple, Gaoping Yandiling, Linfen Yao Temple, Lishanshun Wang Ping, Hejin Yumenkou and Ruicheng Dayu Capital.

The legend of the Yellow Emperor is an outstanding leader of tribal alliances in the Yellow River Basin, including Yao, Shun and Yu. At that time, the leader of the tribal alliance was elected. When Yao was old, a tribal alliance meeting was held, and everyone elected the talented Shun as his successor. After Yao's death, Shun inherited Yao's position. When Shun was old, he took the same approach and gave his position to Yu, who had made contributions to water control. This method of changing the position of the leader is called "abdication".

According to the long-standing view of historians, Yao, Shun and Yu are the leaders of the three tribal alliances, and their times are on the threshold of the transition from ignorance to civilization. They were the three outstanding men before the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, that is, more than 4,000 years ago. But this is only an inference based on legend, and there are many unexplained contradictions that make people suspicious [1]. Moreover, the legends about Yao, Shun and Yu were controversial in the Qin and Han Dynasties, so that Sima Qian had to "write his deeds and have doubts". [2] We can't draw a conclusion on many issues, not to mention that we are two thousand years later than Sima Qian. The author thinks that in order to truly understand Yao Shunyu and their times, we must look for a historical coordinate that can outline their times from a new angle, and this coordinate should be The Flood. The era of Yao, Shun and Yu was an era of flooding. When Yao was in power, there was a flood, and it was not until the Dayu era that he went through all kinds of hardships and calmed the disaster. Flood, "Huainanzi?" "Looking at Ghosts" is very vivid: "The four poles are abandoned, Kyushu is split, the sky is not covered, the land is not full, ... the water is endless. "This is the biggest flood in people's memory, and there has never been a similar flood since then. Judging from the history of world civilization, almost all ancient nations in the world have legends and myths about floods. They often take floods as their starting point (or say that floods are the starting point of ancient national memory), and they are vague about the history before floods. We in China are no exception. Reading the early history and legends of China, it is not difficult to find that Yao Shunyu is the starting point of the historical legends of our Chinese nation. The earliest extant document "Shangshu" in China is a historical event since Yao exclusive respect. As for the legends of the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di, they were all added step by step by later generations. In other words, our nation's historical memory began in the Yao Shunyu era, that is, in the theory of the second flood era, the Yellow Emperor was originally the Yellow River Basin. He advocated planting grain and domesticating livestock, which made this tribal alliance stronger gradually. Later, the Yellow Emperor tribe and the Yan Di tribe in the west joined forces. Defeated the southern flies (ch! ) Especially tribes. The Yellow Emperor and Yan Emperor combined together, and after a long period of development, they formed the future Chinese nation. Legend has it that the war between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou took place in Zhuolu. Chiyou cast a spell, and the fog filled for three days and nights, and no one was seen across the street. The Yellow Emperor ordered the construction of the south guide car, determined the direction, defeated Chiyou, and finally captured and killed him. After the Yellow Emperor, the outstanding leaders of tribal alliances in the Yellow River Basin were Yao (y2o), Shun (sh)n) and Yu (Y). At that time, the leader of the tribal alliance was elected. When Yao was old, a tribal alliance meeting was held, and everyone elected the talented Shun as his successor. After Yao's death, Shun inherited Yao's position. When Shun was old, he took the same approach and gave his position to Yu, who had made contributions to water control. This method of changing the position of the leader is called "abdication". According to legend, Yao is very frugal. He lives in a hut, eats brown rice, drinks wild vegetable soup and wears a linen coat. Good moral character, can set an example. He plowed in Lishan, and the people of Lishan no longer fought for the field boundary, and they were very humble to each other. People are willing to live near Shun. Shun lived in a place for three years and it became a village. He won wide acclaim from the people. During the Yao and Shun period, there was a serious flood. Shun ordered Yu to control water. To introduce water into the sea by dredging. He devoted himself to water control, 13 years, went in the wind and rain, and didn't enter the house three times. The flood finally stopped and people lived a quiet life. Yu has established prestige in the hearts of the people. According to legend, the stepfather of Huangdi and He Yu failed to control water, learned from his father's lessons, and adopted the methods of "dredging" and "blocking" to control water successfully in 13, which was deeply trusted by people! In the process of water control, he turned over the house three times and didn't enter. The first time is that the wife is giving birth to a child; The second time, the son will climb; The third time, my son can already be called "dad"!

Yao Shunyu myth Huangdi and Yao Shunyu legend Huangdi was the leader of a tribal alliance that lived in the Yellow River valley about 4,000 years ago. He advocated planting grain and domesticating livestock, which made this tribal alliance stronger gradually. Later, the Huangdi tribe and the Yan Di tribe in the west joined forces. Defeated the southern flies (ch! ) Especially tribes. The Yellow Emperor and Yan Emperor combined together, and after a long period of development, they formed the future Chinese nation.

Legend has it that the war between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou took place in Zhuolu. Chiyou cast a spell, and the fog filled for three days and nights, and no one was seen across the street. The Yellow Emperor ordered the construction of the south guide car, determined the direction, defeated Chiyou, and finally captured and killed him. After the Yellow Emperor, the outstanding leaders of tribal alliances in the Yellow River Basin were Yao (y2o), Shun (sh)n) and Yu (Y). At that time, the leader of the tribal alliance was elected. When Yao was old, a tribal alliance meeting was held, and everyone elected the talented Shun as his successor. After Yao's death, Shun inherited Yao's position. When Shun was old, he took the same approach and gave his position to Yu, who had made contributions to water control. This method of changing the position of the leader is called "abdication". According to legend, Yao is very frugal. He lives in a hut, eats brown rice, drinks wild vegetable soup and wears a linen coat. Good moral character, can set an example. He plowed in Lishan, and the people of Lishan no longer fought for the field boundary, and they were very humble to each other. People are willing to live near Shun. Shun lived in a place for three years and it became a village. He won wide acclaim from the people. During the Yao and Shun period, there was a serious flood. Shun ordered Yu to control water. To introduce water into the sea by dredging. He devoted himself to water control, 13 years, went in the wind and rain, and didn't enter the house three times. The flood finally stopped and people lived a quiet life. Yu has established prestige in the hearts of the people. This is all I found. ...