Which unit is better for Xi 'an Jiaotong University to graduate from electrical engineering and automation? Preferably in Xi 'an.

From the depth-taking industrial production as an example, it is as small as an ordinary equipment motor, as large as the whole processing and manufacturing system and even the whole production process of the enterprise.

In breadth-involving industrial automation of the secondary industry, agricultural automation of the primary industry and service automation of the tertiary industry (such as office automation, building automation, commercial automation, traffic automation, etc.). ), the systems involved can include artificial systems (such as machine systems, transportation systems, electric power systems and military systems) and natural systems (such as life systems and ecological systems), and the processes involved include production processes, management processes and decision-making processes.

Common editing types

Fully integrated

Whether for process industry or production industry, fully integrated automation is the only foundation to realize automation solutions that fully meet various specific needs. We will directly apply the experience gained from continuous attempts in other industries and our mature product line to the current development work, thus bringing many benefits to the water industry.

Automation equipment (figure 10)

Totally integrated automation can lay the foundation for realizing unified and efficient automation of the whole plant. According to the situation of sewage treatment plant: from pumping station to activation pool, from beginning to end, to drainage station.

Fully integrated automation provides many advantages in the whole life cycle of a machine or factory, from the initial planning stage to installation and debugging, operation and maintenance, to expansion and modernization.

On the basis of fully integrated automation, we can implement solutions with excellent integrated performance according to the special needs of the water industry. The VarSuv energy-saving calculator has made an important contribution to optimizing the energy allocation of the factory. Because TIA has a system-oriented engineering environment and integrated communication and diagnosis options, the factory will benefit from its whole life cycle. In addition, Siemens keeps innovating to ensure the safety of your investment in factory renovation.

Advantages of totally integrated automation:

Installation and debugging: The factory uses the same communication standards (such as PROFIBUS and PROFINET) to minimize the interface requirements and simplify the installation and debugging process. Even a factory with a very complicated structure is easy to realize.

Operation: Integrated communication can maximize the transparency of the whole factory. This shows that the factory can respond more quickly and flexibly when the demand changes and take very effective diagnostic measures. This can minimize unplanned parking accidents. Integrated fully integrated automation also means that all stations can operate uniformly, whether directly operating the control system or through the operation panel.

Maintenance: Intelligent maintenance strategy enables you to detect, analyze and eliminate possible error sources more quickly, even if remote maintenance is used. During the operation of many of our systems, modules can be replaced. The unification of components also lightens the burden of maintenance engineers.

Modernization and expansion: existing factories can easily adapt to changing needs, usually without interruption. Due to the continuous development of our products and systems, many unnecessary system changes have been avoided, thus ensuring the investment safety to the greatest extent.

Bank office

In the operation and management of banks, with the help of advanced computer means, organization and coordination,

Organization of American States (OAS)

More and more attention has been paid to the command and dispatch, supervision and control, and auxiliary decision-making to improve the modern management level and work efficiency of banks.

The business and work of the bank are interrelated and interdependent, and they are an organic whole and inseparable. Therefore, in the process of financial electronization, in the design of office automation system, we should make overall consideration and overall planning, and we should not neglect one side. Bank office automation should be a trinity of business processing, comprehensive management and communication connection, which mainly includes four aspects.

1. It is a management decision-making link. This part provides leaders with all-round computer services such as reading and approving official documents, inquiring information, assisting decision-making, issuing government orders, commanding and dispatching.

2. Business processing. Establish database, information base, information base and document base by specialty to accumulate information and provide information source for data enjoyment and system query.

3. Information processing. Most of the information in professional databases is original and sporadic. Therefore,

Government office automation platform

It should be collected, processed and sorted according to certain mathematical models, format standards and statistical caliber, so as to make it organized, systematic and standardized, and then displayed in intuitive ways such as tables, figures, curves and words, providing basis and reference for leaders to analyze, predict and monitor, and formulate policies.

4. It is a network transmission link, which completely breaks the fragmentation, solves the bottleneck problem of transmission delay and poor circulation, realizes the integration and networking of computer groups, and connects business and management, so that the communication system extends in all directions and is unimpeded, and the information transmission is completed "instantly".

Special functions of bank office automation system: due to office needs, special functions should be considered when developing. First, how to collect and preserve the manuscripts, handwriting, instructions and signatures of leading comrades. The second is how a large number of documents, materials and data get into the computer and convert paper information into electronic information. Third, the storage of information, office automation system involves all departments of the bank, and the amount of information is very huge. Whether it is temporary storage or long-term storage, the system should provide enough storage space. Fourth, efficient mail processing function. This is the bridge and link between the president and various departments, the main means for the president to issue government orders, notices and speeches and exercise organizational management functions, and also the information carrier for department leaders to ask for instructions and report. In the development, we adopted the following means: electronic pen handwriting, multimedia voice function, document information manuscript scanning technology, keyboard input, large-capacity CD storage and laser printer output. The comprehensive application of these technologies well meets the above functional requirements.

Office automation system is a comprehensive project, involving a wide range, high cost and long construction period. In the development, it is advisable to implement it step by step and advance it step by step to avoid detours and waste. In terms of overall design, equipment selection, network construction, software configuration, etc., we should focus on the long-term and strive for long-term benefits of one-time investment; In the process of program development, it should be carried out in stages, from easy to difficult, rolling forward and reserving extended interfaces. The design of the system should be based on the existing conditions, make full use of the existing technical equipment, and not blindly pursue high-grade and high investment. Microcomputer networking has the characteristics of less investment, short development cycle, more choices of software and hardware, and convenient expansion. The advantages of microcomputer network can ensure the full use of existing machines and tools, make the system input step by step and expand step by step, and finally complete the comprehensive electronic process of grass-roots office.

Health protection

Public places are an important part of human society.

Health management automation system

Improving and improving the quality of environmental sanitation in public places is a major event directly related to people's health. Therefore, it is imperative to find an automatic sanitation management system that integrates monitoring and supervision. The portable beach cleaning vehicle combines the sanitation management system of public places with the sanitation characteristics of public places, and its entire automatic management system consists of three parts: the central processing and control mechanism of the health supervision department, the extension measurement and control mechanism working in public places and the communication network. Because the extension is an intelligent measurement and control equipment working in different regions, environments, places and distances, this raises the problem of computer communication network, and computer communication cannot be separated from communication lines (channels). However, it is unrealistic for the health supervision department to establish its own special communication network within its jurisdiction, both economically and technically. Therefore, it is the best choice to use the ready-made public network (post and telecommunications network) as relay transmission equipment. This can not only greatly reduce the cost of building an automatic management system, but also have the supportability and reliability of technical maintenance of equipment (relay transmission equipment). In the public health automation management system, the host computer (IBM PC) is the core part of the whole system, and it is also the control and management center of the whole system. It is not only responsible for all the management work of the health supervision department, but also for controlling other extended tasks. It is also the regulatory center and the processing, analysis and management center of regulatory data. Because of the heavy workload of data processing and management of IBM PC, and the communication task with all extensions at any time, there is a great contradiction between them. The front-end computer is set up to solve this contradiction, that is, the front-end computer shares some tasks of IBM PC.

Environmental greening and health management automation

That is to ensure that the computer has enough time to handle its own affairs and make the whole system work in a reliable and good state. The main function of MODEM is to realize long-distance multi-computer communication; The function of automatic transfer switch is to realize the dual functions of telephone communication and computer communication of leased trunk line and improve the utilization rate of trunk line. The extension unit is an intelligent measurement and control equipment which integrates field health index test, automatic alarm of health index exceeding the standard, communication and computer clock display. When there are health indicators exceeding the standard, the alarm will automatically start regularly or in real time, and send out auditory or visual signals representing the corresponding health indicators exceeding the standard, reminding the site management personnel of the place to find out the reasons in time and make improvements. At the same time, MCS-5 1 sends the data to the central processing and control institution and gives an alarm until all health indicators are qualified or up to standard. There are two ways for CPU to exchange information (communication) with peripherals or computers: inquiry and interruption. According to the sanitary management requirements of public places and the characteristics of system composition, choosing interrupt mode can not only improve the efficiency of CPU, but also ensure that the host has enough time to handle management affairs, and has relatively good real-time response performance. In addition to following the above basic principles, the design of the extension program mainly considers the real-time response speed, that is, assembly language, because once the extension is debugged in the field, it does not need to carry out complex and frequent transaction operations like the host. Generally speaking, some daily and necessary transaction operations on the extension are relatively simple. As long as the special function keys corresponding to transaction processing are set reasonably, the same purpose can be achieved.

electric power system

According to the production and distribution process of electric energy, power system automation includes seven aspects: power grid dispatching automation, thermal power plant automation, hydropower station integrated automation, power system information automatic transmission system, power system anti-accident automatic device, power supply system automation and power industry management system automation, and forms a hierarchical automation system. Regional dispatching center, regional substation and regional power plant constitute the lowest floor; The middle layer is composed of provincial (city) dispatching center, hub substation and directly affiliated power plant, and the top layer is composed of general dispatching center. At each level, power plants, substations, distribution networks and so on constitute multi-level control.

Power grid dispatching

Modern power grid automatic dispatching system is a computer-based control system, including real-time information acquisition and display system and software system for real-time calculation, analysis and control. The information acquisition and display system has the functions of data acquisition, screen display, safety detection, working condition calculation and analysis and real-time control. The information collected by power plants and substations is called remote terminal, and the part located in the dispatching center based on VarSuv energy-saving automatic calculation is called dispatching terminal. The software system consists of static state estimation, automatic generation control, optimal power flow, automatic voltage and reactive power control, load forecasting, optimal unit start-stop plan, safety monitoring and safety analysis, emergency control and circuit restoration.

Thermal power plant

Thermal power plant automation projects include:

1. Conduct safety inspection on machines, furnaces and electrical operating equipment in the factory, including data collection, condition monitoring, screen display, over-limit alarm and fault detection.

2. Real-time computer control, realizing all automatic starting processes from ignition to grid connection.

3. Economic distribution and automatic increase and decrease of active load.

4. Bus voltage control and automatic increase or decrease of reactive power.

5. Stable monitoring. There are two control methods: one is that the computer output adjusts the set value of the conventional analog regulator through peripheral equipment to realize supervision and control; The other is to use computer output peripherals to directly control the production process and realize direct digital control.

hydroelectric power plant

The projects that need automation include dam monitoring, reservoir dispatching and power station operation.

1, dam computer automatic monitoring system: including data acquisition, calculation and analysis, over-limit alarm, providing maintenance scheme, etc.

2. Automatic monitoring system of reservoir hydrological information: including automatic collection of rainfall and hydrological information, formulation of reservoir dispatching plan and selection of flood control scheme.

3. In-plant computer automatic monitoring system: including safety monitoring of electromechanical operation equipment, automatic control of generator set, optimized operation, economic load distribution and stable monitoring.

delivery system

Including real-time monitoring of regional dispatching, substation automation and load control. The real-time monitoring system for regional dispatching is usually composed of small computers or microcomputers, and its function is similar to that of the central dispatching monitoring system, but it is slightly simpler. The development direction of substation automation is unattended, and its telecontrol device adopts microcomputer programmable mode. The load control of power supply system often adopts power frequency or audio frequency control mode.

Reservoir management

Reservoir management system is the core part of modern reservoirs and an important part of reservoir benefits. The operation of reservoir gates during flood is based on not causing downstream disasters. In order to ensure the correct information flow, it is necessary to master and monitor the inflow and engineering situation, infer the operation of the reservoir according to the actual situation, and find out the corresponding countermeasures. For reservoir groups, the situation of all reservoirs and each reservoir should be considered.

First of all, when the water level is low, the storage and discharge flow must be determined separately. According to the operation judgment, discharge is carried out and operation procedures are formulated. Therefore, information such as rainfall, reservoir inflow, water storage and water discharge are collected for comprehensive analysis. For the analysis of incoming water, if there is a flood, the incoming water should be predicted according to the upstream rainfall, river water level and flood arrival time, and the operation system and countermeasures of water level decline should be determined according to the predicted incoming water and storage capacity. There are many kinds of results when forecasting is released, and skilled managers can screen more accurate results. Second, determine the storage and discharge plan. First of all, the control station is equipped with observation equipment to quickly collect rainfall and flow, and the information processing workstation of the comprehensive control station can complete the functions of assisting chief technicians such as incoming water forecast, flood retrieval and operation simulation of each reservoir. With the incoming water forecast function, the runoff of the upstream can be predicted for up to 6 hours according to the collected rainfall, predicted rainfall and flow. By using the flood inversion function, the flood with similar rainfall conditions can be inverted and the flood scale can be predicted by using the flood and rainfall characteristic data collected in the past. When a flood occurs, we should make decisions and dispatching plans in a short time by using the criteria of hydraulics, hydrological data, rules and experience. Therefore, the reservoir management system is introduced to quickly sort out and calculate various elements. The reservoir management automation system applies the skills of experienced workers through expert systems.

Specifically, improve the management level. One of the conditions that determine the decision-making policy is the existence of flood, which is judged by credibility. The credibility is defined by the credibility of flood formation, runoff production and countermeasures. When inferring with the usual rules, the values between-1.0 and 1.0 are divided into five parts, multiplied and then averaged to identify the competition system. The fuzzy theory is used to predict the flow. When forecasting the inflow of Shengban Reservoir, the measured flow is estimated by linear equation, and the rainfall is predicted by detention function method. According to the variable prediction of measured water inflow, the average fuzzy theory calculated by the above three methods is used to predict water inflow. The min-max method is used for reasoning, and the center of gravity method is used for numerical calculation of conclusions. Finally, determine the storage period and emissions. At the initial stage of flood, it is difficult to correctly grasp the arrival time of a certain flow of flood. According to the similar situation that happened before, the reservoir management supervisor and technician make plans from the perspective of ensuring safety. Based on these judgments, the predicted inflow and inflow three hours ago plus the inflow are obtained from the inflow, so as to determine the flow. When the typhoon rains, if the wind circle is only in one reservoir basin, the flood flow may come immediately. In the past, the safety forecast was based on the forecast range of typhoon approaching, taking the dangerous area as a reference, and making an additional release plan. Reservoir automation is an area to be further studied. With the rapid development of some automatic control theories such as fuzzy control, it is believed that reservoir automation is not only the above-mentioned automation, but also its concept will be more extensive, and some control ideas will be applied to better solve the reservoir control problems.

meteorological observation

In order to implement the task of comprehensive pilot operation of ground meteorological observation automation, China Meteorological Bureau organized and formulated the Work Plan of Comprehensive Pilot Operation of Ground Meteorological Observation Automation.

According to the requirements of the plan, the meteorological department will carry out pilot work of ground meteorological observation automation and scientific business processes in eight national ground meteorological observation stations, including Beijing, Baoshan, Jiangsu, Hangzhou, Xiuning, Wuhan, Guangzhou and Shapingba, Chongqing, build an automatic observation system for cloud, visibility and weather phenomena, optimize and adjust business processes and tasks such as ground meteorological observation, operation monitoring and data quality control, and establish observation norms, rules and regulations and post responsibilities that are suitable for observation automation. At the same time, in line with the principle of bringing benefits into play as soon as possible, we will promote mature automatic visibility observation services in provincial (city) national stations that have taken the lead in basically realizing meteorological modernization. It is reported that the comprehensive pilot of ground meteorological observation automation business is a comprehensive pilot work of ground meteorological observation automation equipment, business processes, observation norms, job responsibilities, rules and regulations. It is also an important work to lay a foundation, accumulate experience and provide demonstration for comprehensively promoting the automation of ground meteorological observation and the comprehensive reform of grass-roots stations.

The main tasks of the pilot work include: improving the top-level design of automatic ground meteorological observation system, formulating the construction guide of automatic ground meteorological observation system, the overall technical scheme of automatic ground meteorological observation, the operation scheme and evaluation scheme of pilot station, testing and evaluating the business applicability of automatic observation technology and equipment such as Yunnengtian and the ground integrated business software system, promoting the automatic visibility observation service, and carrying out the application evaluation of automatic observation data in Yunnengtian. Establish and test a comprehensive and intensive ground meteorological observation business process, optimize the post setting in the pilot station at the same time, and try out the supporting work such as automatic observation specification and automatic observation business operation procedures.

illuminating system

In order to cooperate with various lighting scenes, create a comfortable environment, reduce light pollution and save electricity, the birth of lighting automation system has solved many problems in daily life, and its main features are as follows:

1, hardware features

1) adopts decentralized control mode to ensure the stability of the system;

2) Each control panel is equipped with a processor (CPU) to maintain stable operation of the system;

3) It is easy to maintain and manage through the self-check function, and all components are plug-in modules, which can be easily replaced in case of failure;

4) The 20A self-locking relay with self-locking function only consumes electric energy during operation, and does not consume electric energy at other times, and can continue to maintain its original state in case of sudden power failure, thus ensuring the stability of the system;

5) The program can be uploaded or downloaded between the central monitoring center and the on-site control panel, and the program can be directly modified on site through the network computer when necessary;

6) With its excellent compatibility, it can combine various networks of the system;

7) DDC function, which has independent operation function, is suitable for various purposes and realizes linkage control with other systems;

8) Adopt Windows software (Windows/TCP/IP protocol) that can be directly linked with IBS network.

2. Main control functions

1) capacity: it can accommodate 24,000 relays.

2) Power supply: 220V/50Hz.

3) Communication: two-line communication 19200 bps. The basic transmission distance is 1.2Km, which reaches 9.6Km after expansion.

4) Self-check function: It has the function of self-diagnosis for the working conditions of memory, I/O card, relay and transmission device.

5) Clock function

Records showing the working status of day, week, (time-sharing) month and year.

Automatic recognition of runnian.

Automatically set Beijing (standard) time.

6) Time control (schedule)

Each relay executes a 24-hour schedule.

Use the mouse to set the time period to be controlled at will.

Set the automatic operation of rest days and holidays at will.

Automatically identify and control sunrise and sunset time periods.

It is predicted that the lights will be turned off 5 minutes ago (instant light-off mode).

7) Delay control function: automatic delay switch of each relay.

8) Set the operating range of the staff (provide passwords at all levels)

9) On-line control: it can be monitored online and can also be used for maintenance and customer service.

10) LAN monitoring: computers in all offices in the building can be monitored.

1 1) telephone control: the lighting area can be controlled by ordinary telephone.

12) daily report and monthly report function: you can remember when, how and how many times you controlled that area.

13) Analog image monitoring-(Analog field monitoring) Monitor the whole area with analog images.

3, the installation effect

1) Energy saving effect: effectively use the lighting efficiency during off-duty, noon and cleaning periods, and provide the most suitable working environment and energy saving scheme;

2) Save operation and management expenses: most managers are not needed, and the operation is simple;

3) Create a comfortable working environment: adopt the most suitable operating software for lighting control system, and automatically analyze all kinds of data;

4) Stability of the system: adopting the decentralized control mode of single machine function, the monitoring center and the field controller can upload/download all data to each other, which is suitable for controlling the self-locking relay for 20 years;

5) Effective maintenance: use its own diagnostic function to monitor the status of each machine at any time and deal with it quickly when it fails;

6) Openness of the system: it adopts the international standard C language and Microsoft WINDOWS, and is easy to link with other systems.

Mechanical system editor

Microcomputer synthesis

brief introduction

Microcomputer integrated automation system is to combine and optimize the functions of secondary equipment in substation (including instrument, signal system, relay protection, automation device and telecontrol device), and realize the integrated automation functions of automatic monitoring, measurement, automatic control, microcomputer protection and dispatching communication of main equipment and transmission and distribution lines in substation by using advanced computer technology, modern electronic technology, communication equipment and signal processing technology.

Principles of integrated automation realization

First, the medium and low voltage substation adopts automation system to better realize unattended operation and achieve the purpose of reducing staff and increasing efficiency; Second, for the construction and design of high-voltage substations (220kV and above), advanced control methods are required to solve the problems of scattered technology, self-contained system, repeated investment and even affecting operation reliability.

Substation synthesis

abstract

Substation integrated automation system is an integrated automation system that uses advanced computer technology, modern electronic technology, communication technology and information processing technology to realize the functional reorganization and optimal design of substation secondary equipment (including relay protection, control, measurement, signal, fault recording, automatic device and telecontrol device, etc.). ), and monitor, measure, control and coordinate the operation of all substation equipment. Through the mutual exchange of information and data between devices in substation integrated automation system, the monitoring and control tasks of substation operation are completed. Substation integrated automation replaces conventional substation secondary equipment and simplifies substation secondary wiring. Comprehensive automation of substation is an important technical measure to improve the safe and stable operation level of substation, reduce the operation and maintenance cost, improve economic benefits and provide users with high-quality electric energy. Functional integration is the biggest feature that distinguishes it from conventional substations. It is based on computer technology, with data communication as the means and information sharing as the purpose. basic feature

1) function integration. Substation integrated automation technology is developed on the basis of microcomputer technology, data communication technology and automation technology. It synthesizes all secondary equipment except primary equipment and AC and DC power supply in the substation.

2) The system is modular. Digitization of protection, control and measurement devices (realized by microcomputer and with digital communication capability) is beneficial to connecting all functional modules through communication network and facilitating the expansion of interface functional modules and information sharing. In addition, the modular structure is convenient for substation to realize the configuration of integrated automation system modules to adapt to the centralized, decentralized and distributed structure of the project.

3) Structural distribution, stratification and decentralization. Integrated automation system is a distributed system, in which subsystems such as microcomputer protection, data acquisition and control and other intelligent devices are designed according to distributed structure. Each subsystem may have multiple CPUs performing different functions, and a huge CPU cluster constitutes a complete and highly coordinated organic integrated system.

4) Screen operation monitoring. After the substation realizes comprehensive automation, whether someone is on duty or unattended, the operators are not in the substation, the main control station or the dispatching room, facing the color screen display, and comprehensively monitor and operate the substation equipment and transmission lines.

5) Networking and fiber-optic communication bureau. Computer local area network technology and optical fiber communication technology are widely used in integrated automation system.

6) Intelligent operation management. Intelligence is not only manifested in the conventional automation function, but also in online self-diagnosis and sending the diagnosis results to the remote master control terminal.

7) Digitization of measurement display. Microcomputer monitoring system is adopted, and CRT display is used instead of conventional pointer instrument. Manual copying records were replaced by printers. Two principles to realize comprehensive automation: