Sports knowledge-the source of table tennis

Sports knowledge-the source of table tennis Table tennis originated in England. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, tennis was all the rage in Europe. However, due to the limitation of venue and weather, some college students in Britain move tennis indoors, using the dining table as a table, books as a net, parchment as a racket and playing around the dining table. 1890, several British naval officers in India came across playing tennis on a small table. Later, they used solid rubber instead of solid balls, then hollow plastic balls and wooden boards instead of rackets to play this novel "tennis match" on the table, which is the origin of the name table tennis.

Soon after its appearance, table tennis became a popular sport. At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States began to produce complete sets of table tennis equipment. It is the number one grip sport in the United States, with more than 200,000 Americans playing table tennis. At first, table tennis had other names, such as indortennis. Later, an American manufacturer created the new word Ping-pang with the sound of ping-pong hitting, and used it as the registered trademark of his "ping-pong" patent. Table tennis later became another official name of table tennis. When it spread to China, people created a new word "table tennis".

Table tennis originated in England at the end of19th century. It started as an active game. The ball is made of light and elastic materials, and the racket is hit on the table like tennis with a board similar to the cigar box cover, so it is called "table tennis". 1900 or so, due to the development of light industry, the ball was changed into a hollow ball made of celluloid. Since then, table tennis has gradually developed. The first large-scale table tennis competition was held in1900+February in London, England. More than 300 people took part in the competition. During the competition, male athletes should wear shirts and starched vests, while female athletes should wear skirts and even hats.

1926, the International Table Tennis Federation was formally established and decided to hold the first World Table Tennis Championships. For decades, the development of table tennis has gone through three stages:

(1) At the beginning, although the rackets used by athletes were of different shapes, they were all made of wood and the hitting speed was slow. Small strength, not to mention any rotation; The play is monotonous, just pushing the ball around. In the early 1950s, Austria invented the sponge racket, and Japanese athletes used it for the first time in world competitions, winning four championships in the 19 World Championships in one fell swoop, breaking the monopoly position of European athletes. Because Japanese players used this racket to create a long-distance attack style, which has the advantages of strong forehand attack, fast speed and great threat of serve attack, and gradually replaced the European defensive style with slow speed, weak rotation and weak attack, Japan gained the advantage of table tennis in the 1950s, and from 1952 to 1959, Japan won 49 world championships. This is the first big improvement in table tennis.

(2) 1959, after Rong Guotuan won the men's singles championship in the 25th World Table Tennis Championships, China athletes began to enter the international table tennis arena. Gradually formed a "fast, accurate, ruthless, changing" technical style of the fast-break style. In the 26th World Championships of 196 1, China not only broke through Europe, but also defeated the Japanese player who won the secret weapon-"curling ball" and won the men's team world championship for the first time. And won the 27th and 28th men's team championships in succession. The advantage of China's near-table fast break is its close position, high speed, flexible action and free use of forehand and backhand, which is a great progress compared with Japanese long-distance draw. In 1960s, China's table tennis skills were in the forefront of the world, and its advantages were transferred from Japan to China. This is the second big improvement in table tennis.

(3) With the development of table tennis in Japan and China, European athletes learn from their failures. After nearly 20 years' efforts, they finally created an advanced style of play, that is, the combination of loop ball and fast break play, by using Japanese loop ball technology and fast break play near Taiwan Province, China. The representative figures are Hungarian Crampa and Jonel. The combination of fast break and loop ball is based on forehand and backhand fast break as the main technique, backhand fast break as the initiative and forehand loop ball as the scoring means. Representative figures are Gehlsen of Sweden and Olovsky of Czech Republic. These two styles of play are characterized by strong rotation, high speed, strong pulling and hitting ability, low pulling and high hitting, and large room for manoeuvre. Table tennis has developed to a new height of close combination of rotation and speed. This is the third big improvement in table tennis.

Due to the continuous improvement of table tennis, in 1982, the International Olympic Committee decided to list table tennis as an official Olympic event from 1988, which attracted further attention from all countries in the world and promoted the faster development of table tennis.

China's brilliant achievements in table tennis began in the early 1960s. After Rong Guotuan won the men's singles world championships in March 1965438+April 0, 1963 and1965, Zhuang Zedong won the men's singles world championships for three consecutive times, pushing the level of men's table tennis in China to a new height. Later, due to the Cultural Revolution in China, the level of table tennis was affected. After the Cultural Revolution, the table tennis level of China athletes was improved again. During the eight years from 198 1 to 1987, Guo Yuehua and Jiang Jialiang won the men's singles world championships twice. 198 1 At the 36th World Table Tennis Championships in April, China won the men's and women's seven championships for the first time, which indicated that the overall level of table tennis in China reached the first place in the world. From 1989 to 1993, due to the great improvement of European table tennis level, the world champion of table tennis men's singles was won by European athletes many times, among which Waldner, a Swede, was the representative, occupying the first place in the world table tennis men's singles for several years in succession. It was not until the middle and late 1990s that China players such as Liu and Kong regained the men's singles title. Liu and Kong also won the men's singles titles in the World Championships, the World Cup and the Olympic Games respectively. Today, Wang Hao, ZhangJike, Guo Yan, Ding Ning, Li, Liu and other rising stars of China table tennis men's and women's teams are still among the top players in the world.

Who knows the origin of tennis and table tennis? I'm afraid to say it proudly, I'm afraid to take off my job and push it to 4, but I can dream of worrying about my skirt and sigh evenly.

The origin of table tennis went to that country 1890, and several British naval officers stationed in India accidentally played tennis on a small table. Later, they used a small hollow ball instead of a solid ball with little elasticity and a wooden board instead of a racket to play this novel "tennis match" on the table, which is the origin of the name table tennis.

Soon after its appearance, table tennis became a popular sport. At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States began to produce complete sets of table tennis equipment. It is the number one grip sport in the United States, with more than 200,000 Americans playing table tennis. At first, table tennis had other names, such as indortennis. Later, an American manufacturer created the new word Ping-pang with the sound of ping-pong hitting, and used it as the registered trademark of his "ping-pong" patent. Table tennis later became another official name of table tennis. When it spread to China, people created a new word "table tennis".

Table tennis is a popular ball game in the world. It originated in Britain, but it is the national game of China. A table tennis player originated from 1900, and was named after the ping-pong sound when hitting. In Chinese mainland, "table tennis" is its official name, as are Hong Kong and Macao, while Taiwan Province Province and Japan are called table tennis, which means ball games on the table. Table tennis is spherical, weighing 2.53-2.70g, white or yellow, made of celluloid or plastic. The diameter of the ball used in international competitions before the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games was 38mm, and after 2000 it was 40 mm.. Players stand on one side of the table and play on the table. There is a horizontal net in the middle of the table, which is 274 cm long, 152 cm wide and 76 cm high. They hit the ball with a racket (such as blocking, pulling, cutting, rubbing and pulling), and the ball must rebound on the table before it can return to the net, so it is effective to land on the opponent's table. There are several kinds of competitions, such as team competition, singles and doubles. Use 1 1 to divide into one game, use two out of five games and two out of seven games.

Development history

origin

1890, several British naval officers in India came across playing tennis on a small table. Later, they used a small hollow ball instead of a solid ball with little elasticity and a wooden board instead of a racket to play this novel "tennis match" on the table, which is the origin of the name table tennis.

Soon after its appearance, table tennis became a popular sport. At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States began to produce complete sets of table tennis equipment. It is the number one grip sport in the United States, with more than 200,000 Americans playing table tennis. At first, table tennis had other names, such as indortennis. Later, an American manufacturer created the new word Ping-pang with the sound of ping-pong hitting, and used it as the registered trademark of his "ping-pong" patent. Table tennis later became another official name of table tennis. When it spread to China, people created a new word "table tennis".

In Japanese, table tennis is called table tennis. Many words in table tennis come from tennis. The ball used for table tennis is called table tennis or table tennis, the table is called table tennis table, the table is called court, the net in the middle is called net support, and the table tennis bat is called table tennis bat.

Table tennis singles usually adopt two wins in three games or two wins in five games (2 1 minute per game), but in 200 1, it is changed to two wins in seven games or two wins in five games (1 1 minute per game). The so-called "game" is set in English. Serving is called serving.

Table tennis originated in Britain, and Europeans still call it "table tennis". It can be seen that table tennis developed from tennis. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, tennis was all the rage in Europe. However, due to the limitation of venue and weather, some college students in Britain move tennis indoors, using the dining table as a table, books as a net, parchment as a racket and playing around the dining table.

At the beginning of the 20th century, table tennis flourished in Europe and Asia. From 65438 to 0926, an international table tennis invitational tournament was held in Berlin, Germany, which was later regarded as the first world table tennis championship and the International Table Tennis Federation was established.

The extensive development of table tennis has greatly improved rackets and balls. The original racket was a slightly processed board, and later someone put a layer of sheepskin on it. With the development of modern industry, Europeans put rubber with rubber particles on rackets. In the early 1950s, the Japanese invented a racket with a thick sponge. The original ball was a rubber ball similar to tennis. 1890, British athlete Gibb brought back some celluloid balls from America as table tennis toys.

In all kinds of table tennis competitions. The most famous is the World Table Tennis Championships, which was originally held once a year. After 1957, it was changed to biennial.

change

From 65438 to 0927, the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) was formally established and decided to hold the first World Table Tennis Championships. The development of table tennis has roughly gone through three stages. In the early days, although the rackets used by athletes were of different shapes, they were all made of wood. The ball bounces slowly and weakly, and there is no spinning skill. Playing ball is also very simple, that is, pushing the ball between the two.

65438-0936, the 10th World Table Tennis Championships was held in Prague, Hungary, and there was an amazing situation in the competition. Men's team championships were held in Romania and Austria. The game starts at 2 1 on Sunday. There are three chippers on each side of the clinker. Because of the same style of play and similar level, both of them adopted mushroom tactics, refused to stumble easily and tried to win from their opponents' mistakes. Is the game until 3 o'clock or 2: 2? According to local regulations, public places must be closed at 3 o'clock, which led to the intervention of the police. In the end, Austria won with 3 1 5-4.

1903, an Englishman Goodall invented the rubber racket, which strongly promoted the development of table tennis technology. From 1926 to 195 1, most players around the world use rubber bats with cylindrical particles on their surfaces. When hitting the ball, the elasticity and friction increase, which can make the ball rotate to a certain extent, so the defensive style of cutting off the rotating ball appears. This style of play has been popular in Europe for a long time, and many athletes have won the world championship with this style of play. The advantage of table tennis in this period was in Europe, among which Hungary scored the most outstanding. In the 1 17 world champions, they won 57 times, accounting for half of the European team. But this racket can only be used for backspin. Everyone is here, dawdling, even if you win the championship, it doesn't make sense.

In the early 1950s, the Austrian invented the sponge racket, and the Japanese athletes' morality was used in world competitions, winning four championships in the 19 World Championships in one fell swoop, breaking the monopoly position of European athletes. Because Japanese players used this racket to create a long-range attack style, which has the advantages of strong forehand attack, high speed and great threat to serve and attack, and gradually replaced the European defense style with slow speed, weak rotation and weak attack, Japan won the advantage of table tennis in the 1950 s, from 1952 to 1959. Among 49 sub-world champions, Japan won 24 events. This is the first big improvement in table tennis.

From 65438 to 0959, after Rong Guotuan won the men's singles championship in the 25th World Table Tennis Championships, China athletes began to enter the international table tennis arena. Gradually formed a "fast, accurate, ruthless, changing" technical style of the fast-break style. In the 26th World Championships of 196 1, China not only broke through Europe, but also defeated the Japanese player who won the secret weapon-"curling ball" and won the men's team world championship for the first time. And won the 27th and 28th men's team championships in succession. The advantage of China's near-table fast break is its close position, high speed, flexible action and free use of forehand and backhand, which is a great progress compared with Japanese long-distance draw. In 1960s, China's table tennis skills were in the forefront of the world, and its advantages were transferred from Japan to China. This is the second big improvement in table tennis.

With the development of table tennis in Japan and China, European athletes have learned from their failures. After nearly 20 years of hard work, they finally created an advanced style of play that suits them, that is, the combination of loop ball and fast break. The representative figures are Hungarian Crampa and Jonel. The combination of fast break and loop ball is based on forehand and backhand fast break as the main technique, backhand fast break as the initiative and forehand loop ball as the scoring means. Representative figures are Gehlsen of Sweden and Olovsky of Czech Republic. These two styles of play are characterized by strong landing point, fast speed, strong pulling and hitting ability, low pulling and high hitting, and large room for manoeuvre. Table tennis has developed to a new height, and its position and speed are closely combined. This is the third big improvement in table tennis.

Since the 1970s, due to the strengthening of international exchanges and learning, various styles of play complement each other, so that table tennis technology has been developed and improved faster. For example, China's near-table fast break, straight-shot fast break combined with loop ball, and horizontal-shot fast break combined with loop ball have all developed and innovated, and achieved excellent results in international competitions. The International Table Tennis Federation has 186 member associations and is one of the largest sports organizations in the world.

Starting from 1982, the decision of the International Olympic Committee to list table tennis as an official Olympic sport from 1988 has promoted the faster development of table tennis.

The "small ball" became a "big ball"

In the early 1980s, after the China team won seven championships in the 36th World Table Tennis Championships, some people put forward the suggestion of increasing table tennis and nets, but this suggestion didn't get people's attention. Since then, the technology of table tennis has been developing continuously, and the ball speed is getting faster and faster, and the rotation is getting stronger and stronger. Many athletes have fewer rounds against each other; Sometimes the ball flies like lightning before the audience can see it clearly, and the outcome has been decided, which weakens the interest of table tennis fans.

1999 At the ITTF Congress held during the 45th World Table Tennis Championships held by David, the proposal of "big ball reform" was shelved because it did not get a three-quarters majority vote. On February 23, 2000, ITTF Special Congress and Congress passed the reform plan of 40mm ball in Kuala Lumpur, and decided to use 40mm ball with a weight of 2. 7g instead of the 38mm ball of 5438+1 October1in June 2000.

Other changes

In addition, the table tennis reform also includes "replacing' 21'with'1'"and "open serve". From September 1 2008, the "glue ban order" was officially implemented and inorganic glue was used instead. Solvent glue with volatiles is usually called organic glue or dry glue. Its main components are viscous colloid and organic solvent. The latter refers to a chemical solvent with low toxicity and poor volatility, which can dissolve adhesive colloid and contain toxic components such as toluene and xylene. ITTF has certain restrictions on toxic components in glue. Organic glue can increase the elasticity of sponge and improve the hitting speed. Every athlete needs to brush his racket with glue several times before the competition, which is also regarded as an indispensable weapon in table tennis. Inorganic glue is colorless and tasteless, and its dilution is similar to that of water, which will not increase the elasticity of sponge. It only needs to be brushed once, and the bottom plate of this glue is easy to clean without leaving any residue.

China

Table tennis was introduced to China from Japan. At first, Wang Daoping, the owner of a stationery store in Shanghai Sima Road, bought 10 sets of table tennis equipment from Japan and performed in the store. Therefore, more and more people buy and play table tennis, and this activity has been promoted in major cities. At that time, the table tennis racket was a wooden racket with a smooth surface, so it was difficult to make the ball rotate, so there were only two ways to play it: push and pull.

And knowledge about sports. (Basketball, table tennis ...) Basketball knowledge (Chinese and English)

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Table tennis knowledge

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Knowledge about table tennis You must twist your waist to play table tennis, so that you can use your whole body strength.

Table tennis related knowledge 1. Chinese traditional technology: direct pass and fast attack combined with loop ball.

2. The main technology in Europe: horizontal double-sided loop ball combined with fast break.

The knowledge about table tennis has gone through a tortuous process from small to large. In the early 1980s, after the China team won seven championships in the 36th World Table Tennis Championships, some people put forward the suggestion of increasing table tennis and nets, but this suggestion didn't get people's attention.

Since then, the technology of table tennis has been developing continuously, and the ball speed is getting faster and faster, and the rotation is getting stronger and stronger. Many athletes have fewer rounds against each other; Sometimes the ball flies like lightning before the audience can see it clearly, and the outcome has been decided, which weakens the interest of table tennis fans. Therefore, Ichiro Okimura, former president of ITTF, once considered increasing table tennis events. As the president of ITTF, Xu Yinsheng put this matter on the agenda.

1in may, 1996, ITTF parliament agreed to the proposal of testing big balls-in order to slow down the speed and rotation of the ball and increase the roundness and appreciation, it is suggested to increase the diameter of table tennis by two millimeters. ITTF is going to do an experiment in the youth championship in Japan next year, but Japanese manufacturers gave up because of too much opinion. At that time, I just suggested changing a big ball. In order to produce big balls, manufacturers need to invest money to remake molds and adjust the process. If the proposal is finally rejected, the money will be wasted.

In order to support the reform of table tennis, Shanghai Double Happiness Table Tennis Group resolutely undertook the trial-production task, and produced a number of high-quality big balls as required, which were sent to member associations for trial use by ITTF. The only table tennis association in the world that has instruments to measure the speed and rotation of dynamic table tennis has taken the initiative to undertake the testing work. Researchers from the Scientific Committee of the Chinese Table Tennis Association made an experiment on the influence of table tennis with different diameters and weights on hitting speed and rotation. The experimental conclusions are as follows: the ball with large diameter is slower than the ball with small diameter, and the rotation is weaker than the ball with small diameter; For balls with the same diameter, a ball with large weight and elasticity is faster and more powerful than a ball with small weight and elasticity.

1997 During the 44th World Table Tennis Championships, the first big ball test was conducted, but it had little impact. 1In the spring of 998, the Suzhou International Table Tennis "Big Ball" competition proposed by Xu Yinsheng was tested for the second time. The Chinese Table Tennis Association took the initiative to undertake the funding for the Suzhou trials. At the beginning of this year, another international big ball trial was held in Copenhagen, Denmark.

1999 At the ITTF Congress held during the 45th World Table Tennis Championships in Dawei, the proposal of "Big Ball Reform" was shelved because it did not get a three-quarters majority. Of the members of 124, 84 voted for it, 30 opposed it, and 10 abstained. Shalala, then the new president of ITTF, said that some delegates abstained or voted against the reform because they didn't understand the impact of the reform, and he would explain and convince them.

On February 23rd, 2000, ITTF Special Congress and Congress adopted the reform plan of 40mm big ball in Kuala Lumpur, and decided to start with 65438+ 10/in June, 2000, that is, after the Sydney Olympic Games, the big ball with a diameter of 40mm and a weight of 2. The table tennis match will use 7g instead of 38mm balls.

There are many different ways of playing table tennis and many tactics. No matter what style of play, no matter how changeable tactics, table tennis skills are inseparable from four basic factors, namely strength, speed, rotation and placement.

Power acts on the ball, which is manifested in the forward speed and rotation intensity of the ball. If you smash hard in the middle of the attack, so that the other side can't catch well, then you must play with your strength. If you are strengthening the spin, whether it is topspin or backspin, then you must rub the ball hard.

In order to minimize the opponent's preparation time, you must seize the time and try to return the ball to the opponent's face in the shortest and fastest time, so that the opponent is caught off guard. This is speed.

In order to increase the difficulty of the opponent's counterattack, you can also make various spinning balls to force the opponent to "get a chance" after returning the ball. This is rotation.

Table tennis is not big. To make your ball more powerful, you must mobilize your opponent to move or run back and forth. So pay attention to placement.

Therefore, strength, speed, rotation and placement are the basic elements of table tennis technology.

The origin of table tennis? 1890, several naval officers stationed in India accidentally played tennis on a small table. Later, they used a small hollow ball instead of a solid ball with little elasticity and a wooden board instead of a racket to play this novel "tennis match" on the table, which is the origin of the name table tennis.

Soon after its appearance, table tennis became a popular sport. At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States began to produce complete sets of table tennis equipment. Initially, table tennis had other names, such as indoor tennis. Later, an American manufacturer created the new word "Ping-Pong" by the sound made when ping-pong was hit, and used it as the registered trademark of his patent. Ping-pong later became another official name of table tennis. When it spread to China, people created a new word "table tennis".

Table tennis began in England in the late19th century. At that time, some college students in Britain used the dining table as a table indoors, hung a thread as a net with books or two high-backed chairs, used balls made of cork or rubber, and used long-handled oval hollow rackets with parchment to beat the balls around the table. At first, this game was not called "table tennis", but called "Flim-Flam", also called "Goossie".

/kloc-around 0/890, Ames Gibb, a retired British cross-country runner, brought back a cello ball as a toy from the United States and came up with the idea of replacing cork balls and rubber balls with this kind of ball. At that time, it was called "ping-pong" because the small parchment racket used all over the world at that time made a "ping-pong" sound after hitting the ball and hitting the table, simulating its sound. Later it was also called table tennis (table tennis).