How is the weather forecast developed?

So, what is the weather forecast? Weather forecast is to predict the weather conditions in a certain period in the future by applying the law of atmospheric change and according to the current and recent weather situation. It is based on the analysis of satellite cloud images and weather maps, combined with the comprehensive study of meteorological data, terrain and seasonal characteristics, and mass experience. For example, the satellite cloud image of China Central Meteorological Observatory was taken by Fengyun-1 meteorological satellite. Using satellite cloud images for analysis can improve the accuracy of weather forecast. Weather forecast is usually divided into three types: short-term weather forecast (2~3 days), medium-term weather forecast (4~9 days) and long-term weather forecast (10~ 15 days or more). China CCTV mainly broadcasts short-term weather forecast every day. The main contents of weather forecast are the future rain, maximum and minimum temperature, wind direction and wind force and special disastrous weather in a region or city. As far as China is concerned, meteorological stations can accurately predict the location and intensity of natural disasters such as cold waves, typhoons and rainstorms, and can directly serve industrial and agricultural production and people's lives. With the development of productive forces and the progress of science and technology, the scope of human activities has been expanded unprecedentedly, and the impact on nature has been increasing, so weather forecast has become an indispensable and important information in modern society.

The development of weather forecast can be divided into three stages:

The first stage is single station forecast. /kloc-before the 0/7th century, people made weather proverbs by observing the changes of astronomical phenomena and celestial bodies, thus predicting the local future weather. /kloc-after the 0/7th century, meteorological observation instruments such as thermometers and barometers appeared one after another, and ground weather stations were established one after another. At this time, the weather is mainly predicted according to the changes of single station pressure, temperature, wind and cloud. This is not a real weather forecast, but only the embryonic form of modern weather forecast.

The second stage is the weather map forecast. 185 1 year, Britain sent observation data by telegraph for the first time, drew weather map on the ground, and made weather forecast according to the weather map. Since the 1920s, air mass theory and polar front theory have been applied to weather forecast. In 1930s, the invention of radiosonde, the appearance of high-altitude weather map and the wide application of long-wave theory in weather forecast made the analysis of weather evolution develop from two-dimensional to three-dimensional. In the late 1940s, the application of weather radar provided an effective tool for forecasting precipitation, typhoon, rainstorm and severe storm.

The third stage is numerical weather forecast. Since 1950s, the principles of dynamic meteorology, mathematical and physical methods and statistical methods have been widely used in weather forecasting. The equations of atmospheric fluid mechanics and thermodynamics are simplified by solving with high-speed electronic computer, and the weather forecast can be made in time. Especially since the launch of meteorological satellites in the 1960s, the satellite detection data have made up for the shortage of meteorological data in oceans, deserts, polar regions and plateaus, and the level of weather forecasting has been significantly improved.