Is it profitable to grow lotus roots? Who knows about planting techniques? I come from Yichun, Jiangxi.

Lotus root is sweet and crisp, which can be eaten raw or made into various delicious dishes, and its medicinal value is still very high. Lotus root is an aquatic plant, also known as pond lotus and hibiscus. It likes warm and humid climate and needs plenty of sunshine, fertile and deep soil and an environment with adjustable water level. Its fruit is called lotus, its rhizome is called lotus root, and its flower is called lotus. The main edible part is rhizome. Lotus root is rich in nutrition, can be cooked and fried, and processed products can be made into lotus root powder, candied fruit and other foods, which has a good development prospect. Let's share the key points of lotus root cultivation techniques today!

First, choose good varieties.

Most of them choose local lotus root or precocious series, which is suitable for stewing.

Second, the whole field, fertilization

Lotus root is suitable for planting in clay loam, lacustrine soil and yellow soil with deep and fertile mud layer and rich organic matter. Generally, combined with ploughing and soil preparation, farmyard manure is 2500-3000 kg per mu, general compound fertilizer is 60-80 kg, and quicklime is 50- 100 kg.

Third, sowing and planting density

Generally, it can be directly sown in the lotus field according to the row spacing of 1.3× 1.7 m, with seeds per mu 150 ~ 250 kg. When planting, the lotus root head should be tilted outward, downward and slightly, and buried 3 ~ 4 cm deep in the soil. Strip planting and pond planting can be used. Lotus seeds generally need to be dug, selected and planted.

Fourth, on-site management

1. Weeding, leaf picking and flower picking: About one month after planting, when the floating leaves are dying, remove the dead leaves. Before sealing the lotus leaves, combine topdressing with weeding, and walk on both sides of the rolled leaves when weeding. The buds or flowers of lotus root will consume a lot of nutrients, but the lotus root will easily rot after being picked by rain, and the branches will often bend if not picked.

2. Top dressing is divided into three times: the first vertical leaf fertilizer: when 3-5 vertical leaves appear in the field, 25-30 kg of high nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer is applied per mu; The second time, when planting leaves in the field, 30 ~ 35 kg of high nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu; Third lotus root fertilizer: when the terminal leaves appear, apply 15 ~ 20kg high-potassium compound fertilizer or 10 ~ 15kg pure potassium fertilizer per mu.

3. Adjust the water level: from sowing to germination, irrigate shallow water of about 5 ~ 10 cm to improve the ground temperature and facilitate the emergence of seedlings; With the growth of vertical leaves and branches, the water layer gradually deepened to15 ~ 20 cm; Shallow water irrigation should be carried out during the growth of lotus root and before harvest.

4. Straighten the lotus root: In June, the lotus root vine grows rapidly around. You need to straighten the vines manually. At noon, dig the mud and pull up the lotus root vine, and turn your head to the blank and bury it in the soil.

5. Prevention and control of major pests and diseases

Disease, rot and brown spot: pay attention to rotation, and choose 800 times wettable powder of 50% thiophanate methyl, 800 times wettable powder of 50% mancozeb or 800 times wettable powder of 75% chlorothalonil for spraying. Once every 7 ~ 10 days, 2 ~ 3 times of continuous prevention.

Pest of Eriocheir sinensis: spraying 2.5% Kung Fu EC 2000 times and 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) ripens and gains.

Most of the local upper leaves are yellow, and lotus roots can be harvested one after another when they are fully mature. Lotus root can be divided into green lotus root and dry lotus root. The green lotus root is mostly harvested in August, and most of them are early-maturing varieties. Cut off the stem of lotus root one week before harvest to reduce the rust color of lotus root skin. Dead lotus roots are harvested from autumn to March-April of the following year [9].

Lotus culture in fish pond

Intercropping loach in lotus root field is a high-tech production mode for enterprises to quickly improve economic benefits, which can not only increase lotus root yield (loach plays the role of loosening soil), but also improve loach breeding efficiency. It is a new method to increase income and improve land utilization rate, and also promote the balance of water ecological environment in lotus root pool. In 20 12, the annual output of lotus root and loach in Emerald Lotus Cooperative is more than 5,000 kg/mu, and the output of loach is about 200 kg/mu. The annual economic benefit of intercropping loach in lotus root field is very considerable, and its main production and operation techniques are as follows.

1. Selection and construction of lotus root field

1. lotus field site selection

Lotus field should be located in the sunny place, with flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, good water conservation and flood control performance.

2. Lotus field construction

The periphery of the lotus root field needs to be heightened and reinforced, and the depth of the field should be controlled at 50~ 60cm, and the water depth should be controlled at 20~ 30 cm. Escape nets should be set at the entrance and exit to prevent loach from fleeing. Stand on the ridge wall with cement board, and the joints of cement board should be sealed with cement.

3. Disinfection of lotus field

The water depth of the lotus root field should be controlled at about 10 cm, and 60kg/mu of quicklime should be mixed while it is hot, and the lotus root field should be spread all over. You can also use 15 kg bleaching powder or 5 kg strong chlorine essence to dissolve and spread it all over the site. Plastic products must be used to dissolve the disinfectant. After disinfection for 5~ 7 days, change the water. After changing the water, inject new water to test the fish to see if the toxicity of the field water disappears. After normal life, fish can be put into loach fry for culture.

Common planting

Zepan Village belongs to Guyaoshan County, and it is named because it is located on Zepan in the mainland. Lotus root in Zepan was introduced from Shanxi during Yongle period, and villagers in past dynasties made a living by planting lotus root. With the diversion of the Yellow River and the retreat of the lake, Zepan Village has gradually turned into land, but the wind of planting lotus roots by local farmers has not diminished. They found that planting in pits and ponds should be changed to "paving ponds" to create a unique "clear water lotus root".

During the Lunar New Year in Grain Rain, the weather is getting warmer and warmer, and Dutch farmers set about laying pools. When opening the pool, you should burn incense and set off firecrackers to worship the lotus fairy. The lotus root on Zepan River is not digging a pond, but digging three feet on a good plot to open a square or rectangular deep pool, with a minimum of half an acre and a maximum of two or three acres for each family. After the bottom of the pool was leveled, the water flooded. Then according to the size of the pool, a dozen people were invited, and dozens of people stepped barefoot. People who step on the pool line up and step on it again and again until the bottom of the pool is watertight.

After the lotus pond is trampled, put base fertilizer, not pigsty fertilizer and animal manure, but all bean cakes, flower seed cakes and sesame paste. After crushing, it is mixed with soil and paved to a thickness of half a foot. Then pieces of lotus roots are buried in the soil, and then poured with half a pool of well water. The water in the pool is flat and quiet, sparkling and crystal clear, as bright as glass and as bright as a silver basin. The breeze is very touching. In order to maintain a certain water level, water should be poured every three or two days. When water and heat evaporate rapidly, water will not stop rolling. This is clear water lotus root.

The lotus root on Zepan has a long growth period and only leaves the pool for the New Year in the twelfth month. Generally, we dig and sell now, and sell with mud. After washing, it looks like a beautiful jade arm, and the carcass and section tube are oval, which is probably related to the hardness of the pool bottom. The lotus root slices on the plate are white and crisp, and will not change color in vinegar. The county annals say it is "white as jade, delicious, nutritious and full of medicinal flavor." Zepan lotus root knot is a valuable Chinese medicine, which has the miraculous effect of astringing and stopping bleeding, and is mainly used for hematemesis, epistaxis and other diseases.

Mountainous planting

Can lotus roots be planted in the mountains? Everyone thought that the dream of Arabian Nights had finally come true in our Yangpigou planting base in Caiyuan Township, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province. 2065438+021October 26th, 10, this sacred "planting miracle" was witnessed by the local agricultural department, representatives of Shandong headquarters and local people.

Under the guidance of the headquarters, the 36-mu lotus pond in the base has been planted for one year. The results show that the lotus pond can produce 9000- 1 1000 kg per mu of hilly land, and the income per mu can reach 13500- 16500 yuan, which is 8% of the traditional food crops.

In view of how to build a lotus pond, the cultivation techniques focus on the following two points: First, the lotus pond should be selected in the open space on the hillside or the wasteland at the head of the village, abandoned houses, abandoned pits and ponds, saline-alkali land, waterlogged depressions and other places without trees in the sun. The lotus pond area is generally 200-300 square meters, that is, there are 2-3 lotus ponds per mu, the pond body is 60cm, and the slope of the pond wall is 60 degrees or straight. Sprinkle lime on the bottom of the pond and rotate it with a rotary tiller for 2-3 times to a depth of 20 cm. After the soil and ash are mixed evenly, the bottom of the pond is leveled mechanically, and the wall of the pond is compacted with 3: 7 lime soil. After laying the foundation and smashing the state, lay a film on the bottom and wall of the pond. After coating, smooth it with 2-3cm thick concrete, stand the prepared inclined plate on the wall of the pond, wipe the seam with cement, and set up the lotus root pond. This wall can be sealed with cement and smoothed. The cost per mu is about 4000-5000 yuan. Second, the lotus pond chooses clay loam rich in organic matter. Before planting lotus root, put wheat straw, corn straw or weeds in the pond with a thickness of 30-40 cm. Third, HDPE geomembrane can be used for seepage control at the bottom of the lotus pond, which is beneficial to saving water and increasing production.

Lotus root with nine holes

lotus root

Bahe lotus root, a specialty of Sesame Lake in Bahe Town, Xishui County, Huanggang City, Hubei Province, is a geographical indication product in China. Also known as "Sesame Lake Nine-hole Lotus Root" and "Sesame Lake Lotus Root". The production area is surrounded by hills, and the lake mud is deep and fertile. Bach lotus root has one more hole than traditional lotus root. Lotus root is as white as snow, and it won't melt in soup for a long time. The entrance is soft, tender and sweet, and the aroma is overflowing. Wen Yiduo, a famous patriotic poet, praised him for "knowing his heart and doing what he does, looks are better than three points."

Bahe lotus root is closely related to the geographical climate of Sesame Lake in Bahe Town, Xishui County. Bahe lotus root can not be transplanted to other places for planting, and it will mutate and rust when it arrives in other places. Therefore, there is a saying: "The lotus root with nine holes in the world is unique to Wei Ba."

Exploitation of lotus root

Lotus root is easy to plant and manage, but it is difficult to dig up, and the silt is very heavy, so you can't break the lotus root, otherwise its value will be greatly reduced. Generally, a person can only dig 100- 150 Jin of lotus root a day, which is very inefficient. Moreover, the breakage rate of lotus root is very high and the commodity is poor. Because the daily output is too small, it is difficult to ensure market supply. If you miss the harvest season, the lotus root will rot in the mud, so harvesting is a very difficult thing. Although some mechanized equipment has appeared, it has not been used on a large scale.