Can minks live in the north? Is it easy to raise?

American minks are distributed in North America, from Alaska to the Atlantic coast, as well as Siberia and several countries in the European part of the Commonwealth of Independent States. 1956, China introduced standard mink from the Soviet Union, and established three large state-owned wild pastures in Mishan County, Hengdaohezi and Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County of Heilongjiang Province, which later developed into three northeastern provinces, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and other provinces. Later, it was successfully introduced and planted in the coastal areas of Guangdong.

In the wild, minks mainly inhabit riverbeds, lakeshore, forest streams and other near-water areas. Natural caves are used as caves, and the surface of caves is covered with animal hair, bird feathers or hay. The hole is about 1.5 meters long, and it is on shore or underwater. The hole on the shore is covered with weeds or trees and is not easy to be found.

In the wild, minks feed on catching fish, mice, rabbits, birds, amphibians and insects. Food types change with seasons: small mammals such as fish and rats are the main foods in winter and spring, and fish, frogs, snakes and insects are the main foods in summer and autumn. Minks have the habit of storing food. They especially like water. They can not only drink it, but also play in it, especially in summer. Under the condition of artificial breeding, minks are kept in cages, so it is not necessary to give them artificial waters to swim, as long as they are given enough water.

Minks are wild, fierce and aggressive, mostly active at night and have fewer enemies. Only a few birds of prey and wild animals are their natural enemies. During the breeding season, it is often caught by hunters. The life span of mink is 12 ~ 15 years, and it has the reproductive ability of 8 ~ 10 years. In the case of artificial breeding, it usually takes only 3 years to breed mink. That is, they were born in the first year and participated in breeding in the second spring. It takes 9 ~ 10 months for young minks to mature sexually, and they breed 1 time in the spring of the third and fourth years respectively. After molting in the fourth autumn, it will be transferred to mink colony and will no longer be used as seeds. Spring is the annual breeding season for minks, with littering 1 animal, and molting 1 animal in spring and autumn.

Mink culture

Mink is a small and precious fur animal, belonging to Carnivora, Mustelidae and Mustela. There are two kinds of minks in nature: American mink and European mink. At present, the mink raised artificially is mainly American mink.

First, the biological characteristics and living habits of mink

Most wild minks are light brown with white spots on their chins. The fur of mink raised artificially is dark brown or dark brown. After years of breeding and white variation, the number of colored minks is increasing.

Mink has a slender body, developed head and neck, short limbs, slender tail and fluffy tail hair. There are a pair of anal glands on both sides of anus, which secrete substances with strong pungent smell. Minks are fierce and aggressive, active at night, sensitive in hearing, fast in running and swimming, and can dive. Mink is a carnivorous animal, which mainly feeds on various rodents, snakes, amphibians, fish and shrimp, birds and insects. Minks breed/kloc-0 times a year, mate in estrus in mid-February-March, and give birth in April-May. The average gestation period is 46 days, with 5-8 fetuses per fetus. 9- 10 months old is sexually mature and can be mated in the next spring. The breeding period can be as long as 8-9 years, and the life span is 12-60. In the case of artificial feeding, the service life is relatively shortened.

Second, artificial feeding technology

1. shed structure

Shed is a water supply equipment for mink to prevent cold and heatstroke, which can be adapted to local conditions and local materials. Specifications are generally 25 ~ 50m long, 3.5 ~ 4m wide, and the canopy eaves are 1. 1 ~ 1.2m high. Some increase the span of single shed (about 8 meters), and raise minks on both sides and in the middle, which can improve the utilization rate of single shed and improve the quality of fur to some extent.

Cages are places where minks move, eat, excrete and reproduce. The cage is made of barbed wire, and the small room is made of 1.5 ~ 2 cm boards. Many specifications. Single cage: the cage is 70×30×40 cubic centimeters (length× width× height). The chamber is 30×30×30 cubic centimeters or 45×35×45 cubic centimeters. Double cage: the lower layer is a kind of mink, and the upper layer is mink or mink. The breeding mink cage is 65×60×45 cm3, the cabin is 45×40×40 cm3, the fur mink cage is 50×45×40 cm3, and the cabin is 56×30×23 cm3. A small room is connected into two rooms.

2. Feed type

(1) animal feed

① Fish feed Fish feed is one of the important sources of mink animal protein, with wide sources and low price. There are many kinds of fish, which can be summarized into two kinds: marine mixed-blood fish and freshwater fish. Except puffer fish, these fish can be used as feed for minks.

Fresh marine fish can be eaten raw, with strong palatability and high protein digestibility. For slightly deteriorated marine fish, it needs to be cooked and disinfected before eating. A few marine fish and most freshwater fish contain thiamine toxin enzyme, which is harmful to vitamin B 1 (thiamine). Vitamin B 1 is often deficient after raw food, and should be eaten after cooking.

When all fish are used as animal feed in mink diet, it can account for 70% ~ 75% of the diet weight, so we should mix a variety of fish and pay attention to the supply of vitamin B 1 and vitamin E to ensure good production effect. Fish can account for 40% ~ 50% of animal feed if mixed with fish, meat and by-products. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in fish feed is high, which is easy to be oxidized and rancid, and the protein of fish is also easy to be corrupted. The proportion of some essential amino acids is also obviously different from that of meat, so the effect of raising mink entirely by fish is not as good as that by polyculture, especially if the species is too single.

② Meat feed is an important source of whole protein feed. It contains essential amino acids in a quantity and proportion similar to that of mink, and also contains fat, vitamins and minerals. There are many kinds of meat feed with strong palatability, and the meat of all kinds of animals can be fresh, disease-free and non-toxic.

Meat feed can account for 15% ~ 20% of animal feed in the diet, and at most it does not exceed 50% of animal feed. When using meat feed, it needs to go through health quarantine, and people without diseases can eat it raw. Available sick meat or contaminated meat can only be eaten after high-temperature harmless treatment, and those that cannot be used should be prohibited from eating. In addition to high temperature and high pressure treatment, pox pork should also be removed as much as possible. At the same time, increase the feeding amount of vitamin E, and match with a certain proportion of low-fat small miscellaneous fish, rabbit head, rabbit skeleton or fish meal.

Meat has high nutritional value, but its price is also high, so it should be used reasonably. During the breeding period and the long period of young animals, the proportion of meat feed can be appropriately increased to improve the biological value of protein in the diet.

③ Meat by-products Meat by-products including heads, bones, viscera and blood of livestock and poultry have been widely used in production practice. Except liver, heart, kidney and blood, these products have low digestibility and biological value in protein. Therefore, it is necessary to feed mink with these by-products in moderation and pay attention to the collocation with other feeds. Be careful not to feed hormone-containing by-products during breeding.

Meat by-products generally account for 30% ~ 40% of animal feed.

④ The commonly used animal dry feeds include fish meal, dried fish, blood meal and feather meal.

Fish meal contains 40% ~ 60% protein and 2.5% ~ 4% salt. Feeding mink with fresh high-quality fish meal accounts for 20% ~ 25% of animal protein in the growth period and 40% ~ 45% in the non-breeding period. Fish meal has a high salt content and must be thoroughly soaked in water before use. Change the water 2 ~ 3 times when soaking.

The key to raising mink with dried fish is the quality of dried fish. High-quality dried fish can account for 70% ~ 75% of animal feed in daily diet, but it must be matched with 25% ~ 30% of complete protein feed (fresh meat, fresh eggs, fresh milk, pig liver, etc. ) During the mink breeding season. In the growth period of young mink and winter wool, fresh pox pork or vegetable oil must be added to make up for the lack of fat in dried fish.

Blood powder contains more than 80% protein, including lysine, methionine, arginine and cystine, which has a good effect on the growth of mink and plush. Good quality blood powder can be fed to mink, but it is not easy to digest, so the dosage is not easy to be too high, generally accounting for 20% ~ 25% of the daily feed of animals. When feeding, the feeding amount should be gradually increased, and then mixed with other feeds after cooking.

Feather powder protein is rich in cystine, which has a good effect on the formation of mink winter hair. Feeding 2 ~ 3 grams of feather powder 1 month in the diet three months before molting in spring and autumn can relieve self-biting and wool eating. Feather powder should be mixed with grain feed and steamed.

⑤ Milk feed is one of the sources of mink's total protein, which is generally only used in breeding period and young mink's growth period, and has a good promotion effect on female mink's lactation and young mink's growth and development. During pregnancy, you can usually feed 30 ~ 40 grams of fresh milk every day, and the maximum can't exceed 50 ~ 60 grams. At other times,15 ~ 20g can be given. Fresh milk must be heated, usually 70 ~ 80℃ 15 minutes. Fresh milk can be replaced by whole milk powder.

⑥ Egg feed All kinds of birds' eggs and birds' eggs are feeds with high biological value, and the utilization effect is good during the breeding period. Egg feed should be cooked, otherwise mink will have dermatitis and depilation due to the existence of avidin. In the stage of breeding preparation, the dosage of male mink is 10 ~ 20g, which can improve the quality of semen. Giving 20 ~ 30g fresh eggs to pregnant and lactating female mink diet is not only beneficial to embryo development and vitality improvement, but also can promote milk secretion.

(2) Plant feed Plant feed includes grains, cakes (dregs), fruits and vegetables. It can provide mink with rich carbides and multivitamins.

Grain feed generally accounts for 10% ~ 15% of mink diet weight, and is mainly composed of corn, soybean, barley and by-products. Among them, beans generally account for 20% ~ 30% of cereals in the diet, and overfeeding is easy to cause indigestion. In practice, the mixing ratio of soybean flour, corn flour and wheat flour is 1: 2: 1. You can also process soybeans into soybean milk instead of cow feed. The grain should be cooked before feeding. The moldy and deteriorated grain is easy to cause aflatoxin poisoning in mink, so it is forbidden to eat and feed it.

Cake feed is rich in protein, but the digestibility of mink is low, so the proportion in the diet should not be too large, generally not more than 20% of grain, otherwise it will cause indigestion and diarrhea.

Common vegetables in fruit and vegetable feed are Chinese cabbage, cabbage, rape, carrot and spinach. Vegetables are rich in vitamins, which are the main sources of vitamins E, K and C. Vegetables generally account for 10% ~ 15% of the total diet. It is best to mix two or more vegetables when using, and pay attention to their freshness. Rotting vegetables contain nitrite, which can lead to nitrite poisoning in mink after feeding. Vegetables sprayed with pesticides must wait until the efficacy disappears before feeding. Non-rotting melons and fruits can also replace some vegetables.

(3) Additives Feed vitamins and mineral additives can supplement the deficiency of vitamins A, B, C, E, calcium, phosphorus and trace elements in feed, which plays an important role in ensuring the nutritional needs of minks and promoting normal growth and reproduction, and should be supplied all year round. The feeding amount can be increased according to the situation during feeding.

Antibiotics and antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting harmful microorganisms and preventing feed spoilage. Used in summer and growing season, it can prevent gastroenteritis and promote the growth and development of mink.

3. Feeding management in different growth periods

(1) Feeding management before mating

The central task of feeding management in preparation for breeding season is to promote the normal development of reproductive organs, adjust the appropriate physical state, and ensure that minks enter the breeding season in time. For the convenience of feeding and management, minks are usually divided into prophase (9 ~ 10 months), metaphase (1 1 ~ 12 months) and anaphase (1 ~ 2 months).

(1) Feeding points of mating preparation The main purpose of pre-mating preparation is to increase nutrition, improve obesity and prepare for wintering.

Minks are generally thin due to poor appetite in summer. After entering this period, the temperature gradually drops and their appetite recovers. In order to make the cultured mink survive the winter safely, the dietary standard should be raised and the fat status of mink should be improved during this period.

Dietary standard: metabolic energy is 250-300 kcal, digestible protein is 30-35g, fat 10g or more, animal feed is about 70%, and the daily ration is 300-350g.

The preparation of breeding season is mainly to maintain nutrition and regulate the state. At this time, we can adapt to local conditions, and there is no fixed model. The climate in the north is cold, so it is necessary to adjust the fat status upward on the basis of maintaining the early nutrition, mainly to prevent being too thin, so as to ensure the needs of overwintering storage and metabolic consumption. In areas where the weather is not too cold, it is necessary to adjust the physical state while maintaining nutrition, mainly to prevent the bipolar physical state from being too fat and too thin.

In the later stage of preparing for mating, on the one hand, adjust nutrition, balance physical condition, on the other hand, promote the development of reproductive organs as soon as possible.

Practice has proved that the physical condition of cultured mink is closely related to its fertility, and overweight or thinness seriously affects its reproduction. Therefore, during this period, it is necessary to adjust the physical condition of cultured mink at any time and strictly control the bipolar development. The fat content in the diet should be gradually reduced. In the middle and late February, male minks are generally required to reach the state of upper body, and female minks should have moderate lower body.

To promote the rapid development of reproductive organs and the formation of sex cells. At this time, full-price protein and multivitamins are needed, and the calorie standard can be lowered appropriately. Because the male mink plays a leading role in the breeding period, the feeding standard of the male mink in this period can be higher than that of the female mink.

Dietary standard: metabolic energy is 240-280 kcal, digestible protein, male mink is 25-30g, female mink is 20-25g, digestible fat is 5-7g, animal feed is about 75%, and diet is 250-300g. Feed with high nutritional value, such as eggs, liver and brain, should be added to male mink diet to promote the development of reproductive organs.

During this period, each animal should also be supplemented with cod liver oil 1U (containing vitamin A 1500IU), yeast 4 ~ 6g, wheat tooth 10 ~ 15g every day.

② Identification and adjustment of physical condition, generally inducing minks to stand upright to observe their physical condition. Physical condition is overweight, the neck is thick and round, the abdomen is obviously drooping, a lot of fat is accumulated in the groin, and the movement is slow. The body is too thin, the groin is sunken into the ditch, the figure is slender, the back is raised, the ribs are obviously prominent, and more jumping exercises are done. Physical condition is moderate, it is said that the body is strong, muscular, flat back abdomen, flexible movements and normal appetite. This method is used to identify 1 time every week.

Weighing in late February, male mink weight 1800 ~ 2200g, female mink weight 800 ~ 900g g. However, due to the different sizes of breeding minks, their physical condition can not be measured only by weight, and their physical condition is usually identified by body mass index (weight per unit body length). Practice shows that female minks with body mass index of 24 ~ 26 g/cm have high fertility.

For overweight mink, try to make it strengthen exercise and consume body fat; Reduce or remove the mat grass in the box in the small room, increase the trembling and heat production; Adjust the diet and lower the calorie standard. For people who are obviously obese, appropriately reduce the amount of food or stop eating 1 ~ 2 times a week.

For minks with thin constitution, it is mainly to increase the proportion of high-quality animal feed in the diet. It can also be supplemented separately to make them full, provide enough grass, strengthen heat preservation and reduce energy consumption. For those who are emaciated due to illness, we must start with treatment and combine topdressing.

(2) Feeding management During the breeding period, due to the influence of sexual activities, the appetite of minks decreased, especially for males with strong reproductive ability. Therefore, we should strengthen feeding and provide a fresh, high-quality, nutritious, palatable and digestible diet. Ensure that male minks have strong and lasting mating ability and good semen quality.

Dietary standard: metabolic energy is 230-250kcal, protein is 25-30g, animal feed is 75%-80%, and diet is 250g. Each animal should also be fed with 1g cod liver oil, 5-7g yeast, 2.5mg vitamin E (or 10g malt), B 10.25 vitamin B and 2g scallion every day. A diet dominated by meat or meat by-products should also be supplemented with bone meal.

Male minks participating in breeding should be supplemented with 80 ~ 100g high-quality animal feed at noon. Male minks with strong reproductive ability but poor appetite can be fed a small amount of poultry meat, fresh liver and fish pieces to restore their appetite as soon as possible.

(3) Feeding and management during pregnancy. Pregnancy is the key period of mink production. During this period, the female mink's metabolism is very vigorous, and the demand for feed and nutrients is stricter than at any other time. Because minks not only maintain their own life activities and molt, but also provide nutrition for fetal growth and development, and store nutrition for postpartum breastfeeding.

① Key points of feeding during pregnancy: During this period, the feed quality must be fresh, and spoilage or long-term storage of feed is prohibited. It is forbidden to mix the meat of livestock with unknown cause of death, the meat of female livestock who died in dystocia, the meat of livestock and poultry treated with hormones and their by-products, and the placenta, breast, testis, trachea and thyroid gland of animals. A variety of feeds should be used as much as possible to improve the complete price and palatability of the diet. It is best to use a mixed diet of fish and meat at this time. The ideal proportion of fish is fish 40% ~ 50%, meat 10% ~ 20%, and meat by-products 30% ~ 40%. For example, in mink farms with pellet feed and dry animal feed, full protein feed such as fresh milk, fresh eggs and fresh meat must be added. The proportion of dry animal feed should not exceed 50% of animal feed. In order to solve the shortage of essential fatty acids, a small amount of vegetable oil (5 grams per day) can be supplemented in the diet. In order to meet the needs of mink for calcium and phosphorus, 20 ~ 30g of rabbit head and bone, 0/5 ~ 20g of fresh broken bone or 3 ~ 4g of bone meal can be added to the diet.

Dietary standard: 250-300 kcal, 30-35g digestible protein, 8- 10g digestible fat and 75%-80% animal feed. Add 1g cod liver oil, 5-7g yeast, 15-25g malt or supplement vitamin A 800- 1000 IU, vitamin U5mg, vitamin B 12-3mg and vitamin C 20-30mg every day.

From April 15, adding milk and eggs to the diet is very effective to improve the lactation ability of female mink.

The diet during pregnancy is of good quality, full nutrition and strong palatability, and the female mink eats a lot, which is easy to cause obesity, so it is necessary to control the feeding amount properly. It is necessary to gradually improve the nutritional level according to the progress of pregnancy, maintain a good appetite and an average physical condition. Overweight women are prone to dystocia, and postpartum hypogalactia and fetus are not balanced. If the female mink is too thin, the fetal development will be hindered by insufficient nutrition, which will easily interrupt pregnancy and give birth to weak offspring, and the female mink will have insufficient milk and delay molting.

② Key points of pregnancy management: Pay attention to the changes in appetite, behavior, constitution, digestion and molting of female mink during pregnancy. Normal pregnant female mink has a strong appetite, strip feces, normal molting and lying on her back in the sun. If the female mink is found to have poor appetite and abnormal feces, it is necessary to find out the reasons immediately and take timely measures to solve them.

During pregnancy, we should strengthen hygiene, disinfect regularly, keep the venue quiet and ensure drinking water.

Before labor 1 week, the female mink nest box should be cleaned, rinsed and disinfected with 2% hot alkaline water, and then covered with clean, soft and dry bedding.

(4) Feeding management during lactation. The feeding management in this period directly affects the lactation ability of female mink. Lactation period and survival rate of young mink.

The milk yield of mink is very high, which is much higher than that of cows and dairy goats according to unit weight, and the nutritional value of milk is also very high. Therefore, only by providing sufficient and complete nutrition can the quality of mink milk be maintained.

In principle, the nutritional level during pregnancy can be maintained during this period. In order to promote breast milk secretion, digestible complete feed such as eggs, milk and fresh liver can be appropriately increased, and fresh animal feed or broth with high fat content can be appropriately increased. During this period, feed should be processed more finely and adjusted more finely.

65438+ 0 ~ 3 days after delivery, the female mink has poor appetite and the feeding amount can be controlled. With the increase of female mink's appetite, the feed should be gradually increased. Under the principle of not eating leftovers, it should be treated differently according to the litter size and the age of the mink. After the young mink begins to feed, it should be supplemented.

During calving, managers should be on duty day and night to master the calving situation of female mink. Provide drinking water in time after delivery, and timely rescue the landing, cold and hungry cubs and dystocia females. But it is necessary to keep the meeting quiet. In order to prevent the young mink from falling out of the cage, a mesh with smaller mesh should be laid on the cage bottom before delivery, which can be laid from the side of the compartment to 2/3 of the cage bottom. There should be enough grass in the box in the small room to strengthen hygiene.

When the female mink is found to excrete black coal tar-like meconium, the young mink can be preliminarily examined. Take the female mink out of the nest box, immediately plug in the entrance control panel, open the upper cover of the nest box, rub her hands with grass in the nest, and then check the number, nursing and health status of the young mink. Check the movement lightly and quickly, so as not to destroy the original nest shape.

(5) After feeding management and maintenance feeding, the physical condition of male mink generally declined. In order to make it recover as soon as possible, feeding standard should not be lowered immediately. Feeding standard of pregnant female mink or male mink in late reproductive period should be adopted. 15 ~ 20 days after the male mink's physical condition recovered, it was transferred to maintenance period for feeding. At the same time, male mink should be concentrated away from female mink to reduce the interference to female mink. In addition, males with poor mating ability, poor semen quality and loss of reproductive value will also be eliminated.

After pregnancy, calving and lactation, female mink consumes a lot of nutrients after weaning, and most of them are thin and prone to diseases. In order to restore the health of the female mink as soon as possible, the diet of the weaned female mink can maintain the nutritional level in the late lactation period. When appetite and physical condition recover, switch to maintenance feed. However, in the first few days after weaning, the feeding amount should be reduced to avoid mastitis in the female mink.

Maintenance period dietary standard: metabolic energy 250 ~ 280 kcal, digestible protein 22 ~ 28g, animal feed 50% ~ 60%, and dietary amount 250 ~ 350g.

(6) Long-term feeding and management of winter wool occurrence. During this period, the metabolism level of mink is also high, because mink not only stores body fat and body protein for wintering, but also grows thick winter hair. Plush is the product of keratinization in protein, so there is an urgent demand for protein, fat, some vitamins and trace elements. Therefore, to produce high-quality fur, the digestible protein in the diet should reach 30-35g and the metabolic energy should be 250-300kcal. Animal feed accounts for 50% ~ 70%, mainly composed of fish, animal viscera, blood, fish meal, rabbit and poultry viscera, etc. The total diet is 350 ~ 400g g.

During this period, adding a little vegetable oil (1 ~ 2g per animal per day), animal blood (5% ~ 10% of animal feed) and a certain amount of zinc can increase the gloss of mink plush. In order to prevent trichophagia, feather powder or mouse hair can be added to the diet.

The growth of mink winter hair is a short-day reaction. Therefore, mink should be placed in a dark shed to avoid direct sunlight to protect the pigment in plush.

After the autumnal equinox, a small amount of cut straw or wheat straw (length 10 ~ 15 cm) should be added in the shed to play the role of self-combing. At the same time, it is necessary to do a good job in the sanitation of cages and overhaul them in time to prevent damage and pollution of plush.

(7) When the young mink was born, the living conditions changed greatly, from gas exchange, nutrient intake and waste discharge through the placenta to spontaneous breathing, feeding and excretion. After the baby mink is born, it is in direct contact with the external environment. Due to the imperfect physical development, it is easy to die if the feeding and management are improper.

There are many reasons for marten's death, including stillbirth, rotten fetus, calf weakness, postpartum hypogalactia, freezing, hunger, crushing and biting. Therefore. In order to improve the survival rate of young minks, besides the selection of middle-aged and strong breeds and the management of feeding during pregnancy, it is necessary to do a good job of nursing before and after giving birth.

Before delivery, disinfection and padding of small rooms and boxes should be done well. Mat should not be too much or too little, and it should be 1/3 of the small room. After padding, the corners and bottom should be compacted, and a nest (about 20 cm) should be made in the middle. When the nest is big, the young mink is not concentrated and too small, and the female mink has no room to turn around, so it is easy to trample or crush the young mink.

You should be on duty day and night during calving. If you find a cub that has landed or is lying at the bottom of the cage, you should send it back to its original nest in time. If it is frozen, go to send warm first, and then send it back to the original nest after waking up.

If the milk is insufficient, many litters and female minks are addicted to it, so they should be raised in part or in whole in time. Based on the principle of "one generation is big and small, one generation is strong and one generation is weak", the surrogate mother mink is led out of the nest box first, then the body of the surrogate mink is wiped with grass in the nest box, and then put into the box. Or put the young mink outside the nest box, and the female mink will take the initiative to bring it into the nest.

When the female mink gives birth, the field should be quiet. When checking at night, don't directly illuminate the female mink with a flashlight to prevent it from being frightened, and don't bring the smell into the mink room.

Before the age of 20, the young mink mainly eats breast milk, but from the age of 20 to the age of 25, they can start eating the feed brought indoors by the mother mink. At this time, the milk yield of female mink decreased, and the diet should be composed of fresh, high-quality and digestible feed. Feed can be increased daily according to the number and age of young minks to supplement the shortage of breast milk. From the age of 30 days, the feed intake of young mink increases, so it should be supplemented in time. In order to avoid competition among young minks, several feeding pots can be used for supplementary feeding alone.

(8) When the young mink is raised for 40-45 days, the young mink has the ability to regulate body temperature and live independently, and can be weaned when the ambient temperature is suitable. The litters are well developed and can be weaned 1 time. Feeding in cages of the same sex, and cage separation after 7 ~ 10. The development of littermates is uneven. First, separate the strong ones with strong feeding ability, and continue breastfeeding for a period of time for the weak ones with poor feeding ability. Before separating cages, it is necessary to build cages, or to maintain, clean, disinfect and pad grass in old cages, and register genealogy when separating nests. Provide high-quality, complete, digestible and palatable feed after nesting. After weaning in time, the young mink grows rapidly, so it is necessary to ensure the supply of protein, minerals and vitamins.

Third, prevention and treatment of common mink diseases

1. Canine distemper

The etiology is caused by canine distemper virus, which has an acute onset and a high mortality rate. Clinically, it is obvious that there is mucus secretion in eyes and nose, eyelid swelling, nostril blockage and dyspnea. The paw is swollen, 2 ~ 3 times larger than normal. Some sick minks show neurological symptoms, convulsions and shrill screams.

Prevention and control:

(1) Strengthen feeding management, clean and dry cages and strengthen quarantine and disinfection.

(2) Inoculate canine distemper vaccine, immunize mink 1 time after nesting, and immunize mink population 1 time every autumn.

(3) At the early stage of onset, each mink was injected with immune serum 10 ml, and if enteritis occurred, chloramphenicol was taken orally 0. 1 g twice a day; If pneumonia occurs, intramuscular injection of penicillin is 200,000 units per day 1 time.

2. Aleutian disease

The cause is Aleutian disease element. The course of disease is long, which often leads to empty pregnancy, stillbirth and abortion. Clinically, it is obvious that the physique is getting thinner, there are ulcer spots on the gums, sometimes bleeding, the ulcer on the tip of the tongue is black, and the urine will be red and turbid.

Prevention and treatment: At present, there is no effective vaccine and treatment. Mainly to strengthen quarantine, gradually clean the group, and keep minks in YEATION.

3. Yellow fat disease

The cause is long-term feeding of rancid, oxidized and deteriorated animal feed. Clinically, it is obvious that there is a hard flaky or striped fat mass in the groin. Visible mucous membrane yellow staining, diarrhea, feces are yellow, white, green, serious when dark brown thin feces.

Prevention and control:

(1) It is forbidden to feed feed with deteriorated fatty acids;

(2) Add malt, yeast, cod liver oil, etc. To the diet, or add feed containing vitamin e;

(3) Penicillin 65438+ daily 1 0 ~ 200,000 units, vitamin E 1 ~ 2ml, intramuscular injection1time has certain curative effect.