The history of the Battle of Baden?

The Battle of Baden is also called the siege of the city of peace.

Xiongnu is a minority with a long history in northern China. According to Records of the Historian Biography of Xiongnu, Xiongnu existed as early as the Xia Dynasty, which was called meat porridge at that time. The Zhou dynasty called it stubborn, and the Qin dynasty called it Xiongnu. Its life is mainly nomadic, relying on aquatic plants for a living. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Xiongnu rulers killed their father Tou Man and became Khan. They attacked East Lake in the east, Yueshi in the west, and annexed Loufan, Aries and King Henan in the south, thus unifying the Xiongnu ministries and gradually becoming stronger. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, because he was too tired to look north for a long time, he used his powerful army against Mazhuang, seized a large area of land north of the Great Wall, and directly threatened the rule of the Han Dynasty in northern China.

In order to resist the Huns' southward movement, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang sent Han Wangxin to Jinyang to guard the land north of Taiyuan. Later, Han Wangxin wrote to Liu Bang to move the capital of Korea from Jinyang to Mayi on the grounds that "the country is bordered by Xiongnu, and Jinyang belongs to Seyuan" (Historical Records and Biography of Han Xin Lv Wan). In the autumn of the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu (20 1 year BC), Morton led a large group of soldiers and horses into the Great Wall, all the way to Mayi City, and besieged Hanwangxin in Mayi City. Han Wangxin was an old nobleman in Korea during the Warring States Period. He responded to Liu Bang's uprising and led troops to attack Korea. He was named Wang Han by Liu Bang. However, Liu Bang was very worried about him, so he was transferred to a place far away from Beijing. Han Wangxin also knew that Liu Bang was suspicious of him. Therefore, after the Xiongnu Enemy at the Gates, he has been reluctant to go to war with Xiongnu, and sent envoys to negotiate with Xiongnu for many times, demanding reconciliation, so as to leave himself a posterior approach. Han Dynasty reinforcements arrived in Mayi City, and when they saw that Han Wangxin did not send troops to fight, they constantly sent people to have frequent contact with Xiongnu. They suspected that Han Yu might defect, so they reported the news to Liu Bang. In an emergency, in order to prevent the situation from getting worse, Liu Bang personally wrote a letter to Han Wangxin, stating his sense of honor and giving him advice, accusations and warnings. The letter said: "Dedicated to death, not brave. If you devote yourself to life, you won't be appointed. If you attack Mayi, will the king not be able to hold on? " Security and survival, these two I so blame on the king "("Han Han Xin biography "). Instead of saving the situation, Liu Bang's words triggered Han Wangxin's rebellion. Judging from Liu Bang's tone, he knew the danger of the situation and was afraid of being beheaded, so he gave up Mayi and surrendered to Xiongnu. Then, Han Wangxin colluded with Xiongnu, went south, entered Yanmenguan, captured Taiyuan County, and drove straight into it, and soon occupied most of Shanxi.

In order to further consolidate the newly established rule of the Han Dynasty, in the winter of the seventh year of Emperor Gaozu (200 BC), Liu Bang personally led 300,000 troops to the Xiongnu and suppressed the rebellion of Han Wangxin. After the Han army entered Shaanxi, it won many battles, especially in the first world war in Tongge (now Qinxian), which caused heavy casualties in Han Wangxin. His subordinate general Wang Xi was killed by the Han army, and Han Wangxin fled to Xiongnu. Later, the Bai natives Man Qiuchen and Wang Huang made Zhao Li, a descendant of Zhao in the Warring States Period, king, collected letters and rallied the defeated troops, and conspired with Xiongnu to attack Han again. Modu chanyu sent more than 10,000 people to the left and right Xianwang, and Wang Huang and others stationed troops south of Guangwu to Jinyang, in an attempt to stop the Han army from advancing northward. The Han army pursued them, defeated the allied forces of Han Wangxin and Xiongnu in Jinyang, recovered six cities such as Jinyang and Lishi, and captured three cities such as downstairs. As a result of successive victories, the Han army developed the idea of paralysis and underestimating the enemy. After Liu Bang came to Jinyang, he heard that Morton was stationed in Daigu, so he sent people to conduct reconnaissance. Morton deliberately hid the elite troops in front of the Han army and put the old, the weak and the sick in front of him to show his defeat. The scouts of the Han army went back and forth to the front several times, but they didn't see through the illusion of Xiongnu. They believed it and truthfully reported the reconnaissance situation to Liu Bang. Liu Bang misjudged the situation, failed to see through the Xiongnu's strategy, and blindly led the army north. The Han army just crossed Gouzhu Mountain (now Yanmen Mountain) and met Liu Jing (Lou Jing) who returned from the Xiongnu mission. Liu Jing expressed doubts about the fortifications of the Huns and reminded Liu Bang not to invade rashly. He said: "The two countries have fought, and it is appropriate to praise their strength. Today, when I go, I will only see the barren, the old and the weak. This must be short-sighted. I will ambush the enemy for profits. Foolish thought that the Huns could not be killed "("Historical Records Liu Suntong Biography "). Instead of listening to his advice, Liu Bang cursed Liu Jing and said, "You are a slave of Qi." . You have always been promoted by eloquence, but today you want to talk nonsense and disturb the morale of the army. Therefore, Liu Jing was arrested and imprisoned in Guangwu City, ready to be disposed of after the triumph. Then, Liu bang led the cavalry to move forward quickly, and before the infantry could catch up, they reached the city of peace. Seeing the Han soldiers swarming in, modu chanyu set an ambush in Deng Bai (note). As soon as Liu Bang led the soldiers and horses into the encirclement, modu chanyu immediately commanded 400,000 Xiongnu troops, stopped the Han infantry, and besieged Liu Bang's soldiers and horses, so that the Han army lost contact and could not be rescued. After Liu Bang found himself surrounded, he realized that he had been cheated. It was too late to retreat and he had to organize a breakthrough. As a result, it didn't break out after several fierce battles. After that, Morton led the cavalry to besiege on all sides: the cavalry in the west was all white, the cavalry in the east was all green, the cavalry in the north was all black, and the cavalry in the south was all red, in an attempt to disperse the Han army. As a result, the two sides lost a lot and have been deadlocked. At that time. It's the middle of winter, the climate is cold and there are snowflakes. Han Chinese soldiers are not used to life in the north. Many people suffer from frostbite, and two or three of ten fingers are frozen stiff. There is a ballad that says, "Even under the city of peace, there are sincere sufferings! If you don't eat for seven days, the crossbow can't win "("Han Shu Xiongnu Biography "), which shows how hard this war is! In the unfavorable situation, in order to reverse the defeat, Liu Bang relied on the favorable conditions of Deng Bai's commanding terrain to command the Han army to strengthen its defense day and night. The Huns besieged Deng Bai for seven days and nights, but they didn't occupy it. Finally, how did the Han army break through? There is no clear record in the history books, only that Liu Bang adopted Chen Ping's secret plan to get rid of it. What is Chen Ping's secret plan? "The secret of his plan is not known to the world" (Historical Records, Prime Minister Chen's Family). Some people say that Chen Ping asked the painter to draw a beautiful portrait and sent it to Khan's wife, E Shi, and told E Shi that there was a beautiful woman in the Han Dynasty who was as beautiful as her painting. Now that the emperor is besieged, the Han Dynasty is going to dedicate her to Hayden, the magic capital, as a condition for clearance. E Shi is very jealous. She was afraid that she would fall out of favor after getting a beautiful woman, so she persuaded Khan to retreat. This statement may not be very reliable, but Liu Bang did send someone to negotiate with the Huns and gave E Shi a batch of generous gifts. After receiving the gift, E Shi said to Khan: Long-term siege and long-term fighting are not an option. Even if it occupied the Han Dynasty, it was not the place where Xiongnu lived for a long time. Xiongnu used to fight very fast. Hayden, the magic capital, planned to ambush once and ended the war. As a result, the stalemate consumed a lot of troops and shook the determination of the magic capital Hayden. In addition, the magic capital Hayden agreed that Wang Huang and Zhao Li of Han Wangxin would join forces with the Han army in Deng Bai. Later, the appointed date passed, but he didn't wait for Han Wangxin's army. So, modu chanyu was a little suspicious, afraid that Han Wangxin would unite with Liu Bang again and be attacked between Scylla and Charybdis, so he gradually relaxed the siege of the Han army and prepared to retreat. It was foggy and I couldn't fight. Modu chanyu recover military forces, take the initiative to get out of the way a corner of the encirclement. Riding in the fog, Liu bang ordered the soldiers to rush out of the corner unlocked by the Huns with strong crossbows and bows, and smoothly entered the city of peace to meet the main force and the Han army.

Liu Bangling led the troops back to Wuhou, thinking of Liu Jing again, regretting that he had not listened to Liu Jing and was surrounded. So, he pardoned Liu Jing, named Liu Jing as Guan Hou, and killed several other scouts. In order to recuperate and consolidate his rule, Liu Bang adopted Liu Jing's in-laws policy and lived in peace with Xiongnu. From then on, until Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, although the Huns harassed the Han Dynasty a little, there was basically no major war between them. The peaceful and stable environment led to the prosperity of "the rule of cultural scene" in Han Dynasty.

Note: First, it refers to Bai who came to power; second, it refers to the Mapu Mountain in the northeast of Datong City. At that time, Pingcheng was in the area of Donggucheng Village in Datong City. Liao history mistakenly thought that Deng Bai Village in Yanggao County was Deng Bai in Han Dynasty, and Jin history followed the mistakes of Liao history. In fact, when the Northern Wei Dynasty made its capital Pingcheng (now Datong City), a large-scale green garden was built, indicating that Deng Bai was still in Pingcheng area at that time. Later, because people were forbidden to live in the Green Park, Deng Bai residents moved to Deng Bai Village in Yanggao County. Therefore, Deng Bai Village in Yanggao County today is Deng Bai after the Northern Wei Dynasty, not Deng Bai in the Han Dynasty.