High-yield cultivation techniques of cauliflower

In recent years, taking advantage of the geographical and climatic conditions separated from Taiwan Province Province by water, Wendong introduced and screened a number of new cauliflower varieties with heat resistance, disease resistance and early maturity, which are suitable for summer planting, and have been widely popularized and applied in the local area. These varieties mainly include: Qingnong, Tainong, Nongmei, Super Xuebao, Super Cedar King, Xuefeng Heat-resistant King and so on.

Second, sowing and seedling raising

1. Planting

The summer cauliflower planting in Wendong Mountain area is generally arranged in the mountainous area with an altitude of about 600 ~1000 m. According to the altitude, it can be planted from May to August, and the higher the altitude, the earlier the planting. In the hot and rainy season from May to August, it is not appropriate to use sowing to raise seedlings, and plug seedlings or nutrient bags should be used to raise seedlings if conditions permit. The specific method is as follows: firstly, prepare a nutritionist, mix vegetable garden soil with decomposed organic fertilizer at a ratio of 6: 4, and add 1 kg calcium phosphate fertilizer and 50 kg compound fertilizer to every 50 kg nutrient soil. Then carry out soil disinfection. You can choose formalin and water to make liquid 100 times, and spray wine on nutrient soil. After spraying, mix nutritionists and pile them up, and cover them tightly with plastic film. Uncover the plastic film after 2 ~ 3 days, and dry it after 1-2 weeks.

Put the sterilized nutrient soil into a seedling tray or nutrient bag (about 80% full), sow 2~3 seeds in each tray (bag), and finally fix a seedling. One net and one film should be used when raising seedlings, and the cover should be uncovered according to the weather conditions. When the seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, they should be planted. At present, some places are still using the nutrition block seedling raising method (regardless of seedling), and good results have been achieved in the whole seedling and strong seedling. The specific method is: pour water on the seedbed prepared in advance to make the surface smooth, and then press 6? 8cm square. After 2? After 3 hours of pulse, put your finger (or stick or bamboo pole) in the center of the square to make the depth less than 0.5cm, and soak the seeds according to holes, each hole 1 grain (2? 3 capsules). After sowing, cover with fine soil about 0.3 cm thick, cover with a layer of straw (moisturizing and sun protection), and pour water on the seedbed. After sowing, always observe the germination of seeds. Most of the germination is close to the topsoil, and the straw should be removed in time.

2. Seedling management

After sowing, you can put away the shelter in time and make a small arch shed with plastic net to prevent storms and exposure. However, the covering film should not be covered too tightly and keep a distance of 20-30cm from the ground, so as to facilitate ventilation and cooling and prevent combustion. After the emergence of seedlings, Ayang should find them in time, usually in sunny days, about 10 morning. It was found around 4 pm, and it was uncovered on a cloudy day. The film was temporarily covered by showers, and the shading time gradually decreased.

It was not until five days before planting that it was completely discovered and refined. When watering, humus fine soil thinly covers the rhizosphere of seedlings 1-2 times to prevent the roots from lodging naked. It can also maintain sales, reduce soil temperature and adjust microclimate. According to the growth of seedlings at seedling stage, crops should apply 1-2 times diluted urine or urea. When urea is used, it should be fertilized immediately after topdressing, and the contaminated fertilizer on the leaves should be washed away. Pests and diseases should be prevented in time after emergence, and the main diseases at seedling stage are wilting, seedling stagnation and freezing injury. Insects include cabbage worms, Chinese cabbage and aphids.

Third, field cultivation and management.

1. Quanwa peach base fertilizer

Choose fields with fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage, and avoid continuous or repeated planting of cruciferous vegetables, otherwise the diseases and pests will be serious. It is best to choose loam or clay filler and apply sufficient base fertilizer. In summer and autumn, out-of-season cauliflower varieties are mostly early-maturing varieties with short growth period. The absorption of soil nutrients is less than that of middle-late maturing varieties, but it grows rapidly and needs early nutrients urgently. Therefore, base fertilizer should be applied as soon as possible. The base fertilizer should be quick-acting "ammonia-phosphorus-potassium" compound fertilizer. Usually mixed with fermented human excrement or compound fertilizer, it is decomposed into farmyard manure. According to 1m width, ditch width of 0.2m, plant spacing of 40×40cm, three rows per plant, 67 plants, 2000 plants. The amount of base fertilizer is generally 3000-4000kg per 67 plants, or 1500-2000kg of American fertilizer. 20-25 kg of calcium superphosphate and cauliflower are very sensitive to boron. 667 was prepared into aqueous solution and applied to the hole as base fertilizer.

Step 2: Planting

Because the early-maturing varieties sown in summer are in high temperature environment throughout the growth period, the plants grow faster. The seedling age should be strictly controlled at about 20 days, and 4 ~ 5 real leaves should be planted. If you use nutrient clods to raise seedlings, water them the day before planting so that they can be taken away when planting. In order to avoid the damage of strong light and high temperature at noon to newly planted seedlings, it should be placed on cloudy days or in the evening. When seedlings need to be raised, the soil will not be scattered and the roots will not be damaged. Water the root immediately after planting. Water for 2-3 days every day after planting to reduce the growth of seedlings.

3. Tian Tuan management

In order to obtain higher cauliflower yield, reasonable field management measures must be taken to promote the early growth of vegetable seedlings. There was some plant nutrition before sowing in spring, which laid a good foundation for high yield of cauliflower. Therefore, the demand for water and nutrients should be met in time during the growing period.

After slow sowing, topdressing, adding ammonium sulfate 667kg 15kg or urea 10 kg, then watering and ploughing to promote the growth of sitting leaves. After watering twice, I plowed once. After about 70 times, the second topdressing is carried out, and every 667 kinds of compound fertilizers are poured 15-20ks (45% nitrogen, mineral and potassium compound fertilizers), and then poured again. According to the growth of plants, apply 1-2 times diluted fertilizer.

Step 4 bind leaves to protect flowers

Stacking leaves is one of the technical measures to ensure the quality of cauliflower. Under the direct sunlight, the flower ball will easily change from white to light yellow, then to green and purple, and will produce lobules, which will reduce the quality. Therefore, in the early stage of flower ball formation, it is necessary to tie the cauliflower tightly with straw rope or cover the old leaves on the flower base to prevent the young flower ball from being directly irradiated by the sun and enhance the commercial value of the flower.