/kloc-what are the important inventions in the 0/900s?

In the early 20th century, few people could imagine that electromagnetic waves could travel any meaningful distance without any metal wires or cables as conductors. So how do radio signals travel along the surface of the earth? Of course, it can shoot straight off the horizon. But Guillermo Marconi believes that radio waves can travel along the surface of the earth if some conditions are provided. 1895, in his birthplace of Italy, he sent out a radio signal, which spread 15 miles. Six years later, that is, 190 1 year 12 February 12 year, Marconi, who was only 27 years old, created a miracle. He tied the radio antenna firmly to a flying kite and sent a Morse code "S". It flew about 2000 miles across the Atlantic. This signal was sent from Huzhen, Polder, Cornwall, England, and reached St. John's in Newfoundland in less than 1 second. Marconi heard three faint ticks. This is the voice of the birth of the communication industry and the first shock wave of the arrival of the electronic age. This era includes radio broadcasting, television and mobile phones-so this is a discovery that will open our imagination.

1903 aircraft

Orville Wright and wilbur wright were able to fly their plane made of wood, wires and cloth for 59 seconds before sunset. However, few newspapers are willing to comment on this matter, because the idea that humans fly into the sky to become contemporary Daedalus and Icarus is considered absurd by most sober people. But once successful, the development of this undertaking is extremely rapid. In fact, it was only after 15 years that various parts of modern aircraft were manufactured, if not all, then at least ideas about them had been born.

1907 plastics

After learning about the invention of plastic, the happiest thing in the world is the elephant. For hundreds of years, everything from the handle to billiards has been made of ivory. 19 In the 1980s, the supply of ivory gradually decreased and billiards rose, which once triggered a crisis. Phelan and Cowland, the largest billiards producers in the United States, can't wait to offer a gold prize worth $65,438+0,000 pounds-a considerable prize-to recruit any "invention genius" who can provide synthetic products instead of ivory.

Until 1907, the Belgian inventor Leo Baekeland, who had made huge profits by inventing photographic paper for taking fast-moving photos, accidentally invented the compound of phenol and formaldehyde. This innovative pure synthetic plastic-phenolic plastic has the functions of heat protection, electricity protection and corrosion protection. Not only is it good for billiards, but one of the great benefits of plastic is its versatility. Everything from telephones to toilets, ashtrays to airplane parts is made of plastic. By 1968, if young graduates want to find a job in a promising and successful industry, they must listen to one word-plastic.

1928 penicillin

People call penicillin the most contribution medicine in this century, and its inventor is British bacteriologist alexander fleming. 1928, in a bacterial culture experiment, the inventor happened to find that a mold later called penicillin was devouring the bacteria he cultivated in a Petri dish. According to Fleming's research results, after ten years' efforts, researchers at Oxford University in England finally found a way to refine this mold and put it into medical experiments. 1943, in order to treat soldiers injured in World War II, the Allies began to put penicillin into industrial production. For more than half a century, penicillin has saved countless lives, prompting people to pay attention to the research and development of antibiotic family.

1923 TV set

The inventor of TV set is john baird, a British electronic engineer. In 1923, he applied for a patent for a device that can generate 8 lines of images. The first TV set was sold at the end of 1930. 1932, BBC broadcast the first standardized TV program in the world. Since then, mankind has begun to step into the television era. Today, people use satellites and other channels to spread TV signals to every corner of the earth.

1942 nuclear weapons

The atomic age began at 1942. In order to defeat the Axis fascism, the highest authorities in the United States decided to launch the Manhattan Project aimed at developing atomic weapons. At the end of the year, as part of the Manhattan Project, the first nuclear reactor was built and put into operation under a sports facility of the University of Chicago. 1On July 6th, 945, a mushroom cloud rose from the Atomic Energy Research Center in Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, and the world's first atomic bomb exploded successfully. On August 6th and 9th of that year, the United States dropped two atomic bombs named "Fat Man" and "Little Boy" in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. The Japanese emperor then announced his unconditional surrender. The atomic bomb seems to have made great contributions to the victory of World War II, but mankind has lived in the shadow of terrible atomic weapons ever since.

1943 computer

Computer is the foundation of human society entering the information age, but it was born because of war. 1943, in order to decipher the German code, the British mathematician alan turing designed the first electromechanical computer named "Giant". Although it is only an imaginary computer for decoding, it initiated the development of computer technology, which is changing with each passing day. 1947, the transistor computer came out; 1959, the integrated circuit computer was born; 1970, computer produced large-scale integrated circuits; Since 1980s, a new generation of microcomputers have mushroomed. On this basis, mankind has ushered in a new network era.

1953DNA

1953 On February 28th, the famous British geneticist francis crick announced that he had "discovered the secret of life". Crick and his American colleague james watson devoted themselves to the research of life science for many years, and finally found the molecular structure of DNA double helix which determines the inheritance of life from the nucleus, and deciphered the genetic codes of human beings, plants and animals. This discovery initially revealed the secret of life, promoted the research and treatment of various diseases, and also promoted human research on improving food structure. In the first 20 years of the next century, it is possible for human beings to eliminate gene defects through gene therapy, and then overcome fatal sexual dysfunction such as cancer, heart disease, hemophilia and diabetes. Undoubtedly, the research results of DNA molecular structure have played a great role in studying life and treating diseases, but it also makes people face the moral crisis caused by it. For example, the development of cloning technology has given mankind a difficult problem.

1954, Contraceptives:

1954, American doctor gregory pincus invented the contraceptive pill, which is a mixture of two hormones that inhibit ovulation in women. Contraceptive pill is listed as one of the greatest scientific achievements in the 20th century because it liberates women from passive childbearing. From then on, women can control their own fertility, decide whether to have children according to their own wishes, and decide when to get pregnant according to their own situation. More importantly, it breaks the shackles that imprison women's sexual freedom, gives women the right to go out of the family and participate in social work, and finally expands women's influence in social politics, economy and culture.

1957 artificial satellite

1957 10 10 On 4 October, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial earth satellite in human history to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the victory of the October Revolution, marking the beginning of the space age. 1961April 2, Soviet astronaut Gagarin went into space in a spaceship and became the first person to go into space. 1969 On July 20th, two American astronauts landed on the moon in a spaceship. Satellites can transmit TV and radio program signals, and also provide services for aviation, Hainan Airlines, weather forecast and scientific and technological information, thus greatly "shrinking" the earth. In order to further explore the mysteries of the universe, human beings have placed many detectors on the main planets of the solar system, and grand plans to build an international space station are also in the pipeline.

1967 organ transplantation

From 65438 to 0967, South African surgeon Christiaan Barnard successfully performed the first heart transplant. Since then, with the development of medicine and medical equipment, medical scientists have gradually solved the problems of organ infection and successfully transplanted limbs, liver, skin, retina and even testicles. The medical community believes that the next frontier technology of organ transplantation is brain cell transplantation, which can cure medical ills such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In the next century, medical scientists will devote themselves to solving the problem of xenotransplantation and transplanting organs from other animals into human bodies.

1978 IVF:

Louise Joy Brown, a British girl, is the first test-tube baby in the world. Now she is 2 1 year old. At that time, her mother's egg and her father's sperm successfully mated in a test tube and gave birth to her. Since then, in vitro pregnancy technology has been continuously developed and perfected, and 1984 embryo freezing technology has been successfully tested; From 65438 to 0990, the experiment of embryo transfer technology was successful. The successful cultivation of IVF has given great hope to infertile couples, but it has also aroused people's concern about a moral issue. For example, if a woman gives birth to a child through a test-tube baby in her fifties or sixties, the old man may die while the child is still underage. So who will raise the orphan?