Shan Gui's image analysis.

Shan Gui is from the ninth song of Nine Songs. "Nine Songs" is a group of music songs for offering sacrifices to gods. It is said that it was revised by [Qu Yuan] on the basis of folk music songs for offering sacrifices to gods. There are many chapters describing the love life of ghosts and gods in Nine Songs, such as, Mrs. Xiang, Shao Siming and so on. Shan Gui, the so-called mountain god, is still called Shan Gui, because he was not officially conferred by the Emperor of Heaven.

Shan Gui used the inner monologue of [Shan Gui] to create a beautiful, frank and infatuated girl image. The plot of the whole poem is simple: the heroine and her lover agreed to meet at a place one day, and although the journey was difficult, she arrived happily, but her lover did not arrive as scheduled; When the storm came, she waited for her lover and forgot to go home, but her lover didn't come at last; It was getting late, and when she returned to her residence, she felt sad and sad in the storm and the singing of apes.

The first part of this poem mainly depicts the beauty of [Shan Gui] from various aspects. The word "if someone" accurately conveys the sense that [Shan Gui] gives people a sense of wandering and wandering. Shan Gui's costumes, such as "Raised by Li Xi", "Xinyiche meets your flag in the west" and "Raised by Shi Lan Xi Du Heng", not only vividly depict Shan Gui's image as the biological daughter of the mountain god and the forest god, but also imply the beauty of her appearance and soul, which is also the embodiment of Qu Yuan's skill of derby grass. "It's embarrassing and funny. My son likes to be gentle." [Shan Gui] These two sudden boasting are like an actor's first appearance on the stage, and its beautiful image makes readers shine. It is worth noting that Shan Gui's appearance is not described in detail here, but the beauty of her expression is praised through her lover's mouth. This can't help but remind people of the description of the beauty of Shuo in the Book of Songs: "Soft hands, coagulated skin, collar like dragonfly, teeth like rhinoceros, head nodding, eyebrows smiling, eyes looking forward." The first few words are ugly. This poem in Shan Gui has the same effect, what's more, it was written by Shan Gui's lover! It seems that we can see that [Shan Gui] is filled with joy when he thinks of his lover's praise on the way to the appointment, and he is even more eager to see his lover at this time. In order to meet her lover, she also specially prepared a gift: "I am so happy that I can't forget it."

The second part describes Shan Gui anxiously waiting for her lover at the appointed place, showing her gentle and spoony character. The sky changed and it began to rain. Because I haven't met my lover, [Shan Gui] doesn't want to go home. The sentence "Be careful when you are old" describes the psychology of women in ancient and modern times: the only thing that can make them feel gratified and relieved is their lover's appreciation and love for the passage of time that always threatens their youthful appearance; What if my lover is not around? Naturally, the face is dim and has no luster. This psychological description makes the image of [Shan Gui] more ordinary and makes people feel that she is kind and lovely. Similar expressions are also common in later poems, such as "walking and walking again" in Nineteen Ancient Poems, which says that "thinking about the monarch makes people old and the years are getting late". In the long wait, [Shan Gui] couldn't help wondering why he didn't come for the appointment. "I can't be idle when you miss me" is not only an excuse for your lover, but also a self-forgiveness sentence.

In the third part, I wrote that my lover didn't come, and Shan Gui began to wonder. With the complete disillusionment of hope, [Shan Gui] can't help feeling resentful towards his lover. Praise the beauty and nobility of [Shan Gui] with "people in the mountains smell Du Ruo and drink pine and cypress in the shade of rock springs"; "You think I'm suspicious" comes from "You think I can't be idle". At this time, [Shan Gui's patience has reached the extreme, and she can't help but think the worst; It was dark, thunder rumbled, it rained heavily, apes screamed, and the wind rustled in the Woods. All these make [Shan Gui] feel lonely and desolate. How can she not complain? "Thinking about you will only make me sad in vain!"

The emotional clues of this poem are clear, and accordingly, the poet is good at setting off and rendering the heroine's emotional changes with the help of scenery description, which is particularly obvious in the second and third sections. In the second season, seeing that my lover didn't arrive as scheduled, [Shan Gui] cast a shadow over his happy mood, and the weather was also "flickering, and the east wind was raining"; In the third season, when the lover finally didn't arrive, [Shan Gui] was infinitely sad, and the wind and rain became more violent, mixed with the groans of apes.

Shan Gui's original text and appreciation.

original text

Author: Qu Yuan

If someone is a mountain,

The girl Luo was brought up by her.

Funny and funny,

I am a gentle and graceful lady.

Riding a red leopard, following a civet,

Xinyiche Xi Jie guiqi

Shi Lan Xi occupied Du Heng,

Fold the fragrance and cherish the thought.

The rest of the place is quiet, and I will never see the sky.

This road is both dangerous and difficult.

The table is independent, Shan Ye,

The clouds are full of faces.

It's dark, it's dark,

The east wind fell, and the gods rained.

Stay in practice and forget to return to your heart.

I'm 20 years old and don't know what to do.

Three performances in the mountains,

Shi Lei Schiller Gorman.

Resentment for his son's melancholy,

I can't be idle when you miss me.

People in the mountains are fragrant, Du Ruo,

Drink stone springs, shade pine and cypress.

You think I'm suspicious.

Thunder filled the rain,

Apes chirp at night.

The wind is rustling, the wood is rustling,

Thinking about childe is nothing more than worry.

Yang zihui s appreciation of translation;

Shan Yao, who lives under a tree, grew up in a fairyland deep in the mountains.

Wearing a waistcoat of Ficus macrophylla and a flexible female rattan belt.

She looks pure, innocent and romantic, with a smile when she looks forward to it.

Countless affectionate teenagers adore her and yearn for her graceful figure.

They took advantage of the situation to surround the red leopard, pursue and capture the colorful tiger.

Dress the white horse with purple jade orchids and let the bear wear a fragrant crown.

Decorated with a purple Dendrobium shawl and a fragrant flat storage hanging around the waist.

Teenagers dedicate the most precious fragrant flowers to the goddess of acacia.

I come from a forest full of bamboo, and I waded through mountains and rivers to join the courtship team.

I climbed to the top of the mountain in spite of difficulties and announced the only favorite in the world.

Shan Lan and the wind and clouds came to disturb me and crowded at my feet.

As the sun sets, the mountains gather all the light, and from the distant horizon, the day is hazy.

The east wind dispersed the clouds and chaos, and Fengshen and Rain God also appeared.

Mountain God, please stay and practice, let me follow with peace of mind and never leave.

Even if I am old, I will not give up. Who else can give me this honor?

Ganoderma lucidum was picked for the goddess in the deep mountains, and the overlapping vines wrapped the rocks.

Who is complaining that I will never go home, and who is missing me intermittently?

People who are lost in the bustling mountains and forests are only looking for incense.

Drink mountain streams and springs when you are thirsty, and rest in the shade of pine and cypress when you are tired.

People who miss me feel at ease, don't look concerned.

There was thunder in the mountains, and the storm shook the world dizzy.

You can only hear the cries of apes in your ears, and you can also hear the screams of the long tail in the middle of the night.

The whole valley demon wind roared, and the fallen trees rustled in spring, summer, autumn and winter.

I have lost my way, only missing and helpless sadness.

I have read Shan Gui's annotation and translation, and got a unified image, describing "Shan Gui" as a dissatisfied woman who was lovelorn in Shan Ye. I read Qu Yuan's original works according to this understanding and find it extremely difficult to understand. So, I haven't touched Chu Ci for many years.

By chance, I drew a cartoon for Mr. Cai Lan and a pink Xiao Li. I added stripes when I modified Xiaoli's style. Then, I remembered the word "warm raccoon". That's a word that sounds close to my real name, and I suddenly like it. I went to the search engine to find comments. I got a beautiful sentence in Chu Ci: "Ride a red leopard and write a raccoon". At first impression, literary raccoons are cute, similar to small pet creatures such as foxes and raccoons. But I found that the words "multiply" and "slave" give people an intuition of speed and strength and a strong sense of rhythm. So, just these two words and then go to the search engine.

Sure enough, the word "ride" means more than "ride". Earlier, when I saw those photos of Shan Gui riding a tiger and a leopard, I always felt funny. In my opinion, the word "riding" here should not be riding a tiger and sitting still. Instead, it should be a propaganda meaning, that is, follow the trend and follow the trend. Those young mountaineers who worship Shan Gui are favored by Shan Gui in order to show their strength and bravery. Therefore, the phrase "riding a leopard and a raccoon" should be an imaginable hunting scene. Very spectacular, very spectacular, very spectacular. The word "take" is more suitable for translation as utilization, utilization and driving force. Next, the word "cong" is easy to understand. It is clearly a "vertical" word. This whole sentence is the grandeur of expelling the red leopard and chasing the spotted tiger. It is in line with men's showing off their physical strength and taking credit for courtship with "Shan Gui", which is in line with the original sacrificial activities. In this way, I translated the civet cat into a gorgeous tiger.

It's sobering to untie a word. The original puzzles are all man-made difficulties, so is the so-called self-restraint. Shan Gui is a simple courtship story, as simple as a fairy tale, pure and magnificent. It must also be simple and magnificent in order to continue to spread among the people and become a classic.

Back to the first word at the beginning, the word "if" has always been regarded as a mood function word. As an "as if" solution, this is very strange. Because, if the image is so uncertain, then how to connect the sentence "Yu Hao, gentle and graceful"? Therefore, her beauty must be visible. Then, at the beginning, tell us where she is. A word "if" can be very specific in ancient allusions. In modern times, when the history of writing becomes complicated, people have to blur its depth. In fact, the word "Ruo" is interpreted as "Ruo Mu", which gives this story a direction. Ruomu is a red sacred tree full of bright red flowers, which will make Ruoguang a sacred tree. A woman, living in such a tree, is undoubtedly the noblest, most beautiful and most attractive. Moreover, the mountain where she lives is likely to become the fairy mountain that everyone dreams of.

In real life, whenever there is a woman with outstanding appearance, there will be many suitors around her. The pursuer must have considerable material contribution to win the love of beautiful women. This is the natural ecology, and this is how Shan Gui expresses the courtship scene. After Zi Muyu is so gentle, the normal description should be a scene to show men's dedication:

Riding a red leopard, following a civet,

Xinyiche Xi Jie guiqi

Shi Lan Xi occupied Du Heng,

Fold the fragrance and cherish the thought.

From showing physical fitness to showing power and wealth, to showing talent and affection. It's all in these four sentences. I can't get a reasonable intuitive aesthetic feeling. Because, if cars and flags are interpreted according to the meaning of modern Chinese, then this Shan Gui obviously becomes a maid of honor. Cars and flags in the modern sense are so unrealistic in such a deep forest. I think so, too. I choose "Che" as the Malay translation, because both horses are "Che". Since "car" is a horse, the definition of "flag" should be matched with animals. Get "Xionghuqi" in the search. -"Guangya". A powerful suitor, riding a white horse decorated with magnolia flowers, presented a bear and a tiger with a osmanthus crown, which was quite a luxurious dowry. Those beautiful teenagers who have no wealth dress themselves up beautifully, show their affectionate appearance and offer exotic flowers and plants. All this is Shan Gui's pursuit. With such a prelude as a foreshadowing, the pursuers who came all the way from the back of Zhuxiang must die for Shan Gui to find Ganoderma lucidum. The last paragraph of Daobai is not the so-called sadness of Shan Gui, but the inner monologue of a sad lover, dying, lingering, lonely, looking for love. Therefore, the charm of Shan Gui is equivalent to Medusa, the siren in Greek mythology.

There is a saying that Shan Gui is a witch dance and a duet for men and women. This is normal, just like the use of novels and myths in script adaptation. The actual function of Chu Ci should also be to have something to say and songs to sing. In addition, what I can't accept is Guo Moruo's Wushan theory, which is too mysterious. The main function of Xi in words is to control the rhythm of language, and it is secondary as an auxiliary word. Therefore, it is very strange to regard the word "Yu" as a witch word. In a word, I regard Shan Gui as a fairy tale. The story of a mountain god seducing a sentimental teenager is like the ghost of a beautiful girl. The speech is divided into two parts. The latter film describes the relatives at the foot of the mountain, crying for the lost children, and the children who lost their souls in the mountain cried for their relatives. This is also in line with Qu Yuan's metonymy to show his loyalty to the emperor.

To annotate ...

① Nine Songs: the title of Songs of the South. Originally a legendary ancient song title, Qu Yuan adapted or processed it according to folk songs offering sacrifices to gods, with eleven songs.

(2) Shan Gui: The so-called mountain god was named Shan Gui because he was not officially canonized by the Emperor of Heaven.

(3) A mountain: a mountain, a bend of the mountain.

(4) Bei (pρ): a common word, meaning "π". Ficus pumila and Ficus microcarpa: Both are lianas.

5 tolerance: look at it with emotion. See (d), Microvision. Xiao Yi: It's a beautiful smile.

⑥ Zi: Shan Gui's address for the person he loves. Gentle and graceful: elegant and beautiful.

⑦ Red Leopard: A leopard with brown fur. Follow: follow. Text: pattern. Beaver: An animal, such as a fox. Wen raccoon: a raccoon with patterned hair.

8 Xinyi car: take Xinyi wood as the car. Knot: braid. Guangxi flag, with Guangxi as the flag.

Pet-name ruby Shi Lan and Du Heng: These two names are very common.

Attending legacy (wèi): a gift.

Y: Me. Huang: Bamboo.

Table: Independent and prominent appearance.

Capacity: that is, "dissolved", the way water or smoke flows.

Dim: Deep and dark. Qiang: Auxiliary words.

Divine rain: the gods send down rain.

Practice: refers to the goddess. "(Dan): happiness.

Yan: It's late. Huayu: Let me be as beautiful as a flower. Hua, Hua.

Sanxiu: Cao Zhi opens it three times a year. It is said that eating it can prolong life.

Lei Lei: The way the stones piled up. Ge: pueraria lobata. Manman: It looks like a continuous connection.

Childe: also refers to the goddess.

"Junsi" sentence: It means that gentlemen don't come to meet because they have no leisure.

Du Ruo: Vanilla.

Shade pine and cypress: live under a pine and cypress tree.

Doubt: Trust and doubt are intertwined. However, believe; Get up.

Technetium: the same as "thunder". Fill in: Lei.

Lin: Same as "ape". Chirp: The cry of an ape. (à u): Long-tailed ape.

Whispering: the wind is blowing. Rustle: The sound of leaves being blown by the wind.

Respectively: through "bitterness", bitterness.

Make an appreciative comment

At the beginning of this poem, a witch dressed as Shan Gui is crossing the hill to meet the gods. From the poet's exquisite description of the wizard's costume, we can know how beautiful Shan Gui is in Chu legend. "People are like mountains" is a telephoto lens. The poet's next word "if" is like her swaying figure in the mountains, giving people a feeling of ethereal magic when she writes. When the camera zooms in, there is a girl dressed in Ficus pumila, a rich woman, fresh and fresh, which is the unique style of the mountain god! At the moment, her eyes flow slightly, which contains deep affection; Smile, white teeth, rosy lips, let your smile shine! "Laughing is awkward and appropriate, and the focus is only on describing its eyes and smile, but it is lighter and more vivid than" The Book of Songs Feng Wei Shuo Ren ". Witch dressed like this, intended to attract the gods, so there was a sentence behind "Zi (referring to the gods) longs for kindness and gentleness"-"I am so beautiful that I envy you to death": the tone was also designed according to the legendary character, and the opening was an undisguised boast, which suddenly revealed a lively and cheerful attitude. This is a portrait of Shan Gui through the witch's dress and tone, which should be said to be extremely exquisite. However, the poet still felt that the atmosphere was a little deserted, so he pushed the camera away and tried to render her driver's entourage: "Take the red leopard into the raccoon, and tie the nobles with the Xinyi car ..." This is really a grand and cheerful trip to meet the gods! Flaming leopards, colorful flowers and raccoons, as well as nib-shaped flowers and fragrant cassia twig, are all used by the poet as chariots to meet the witches of the gods, which not only suits the environment and identity of the gods she met, but also sets off the atmosphere in which she burned flowers and walked cheerfully, which is particularly cheerful and warm.

Since "the rest of the place can't see the sky", the plot has been full of twists and turns, and the poem has fallen from the peak of joy. Delighted temptress, because the mountain is high and the road is dangerous, failed to receive the girl from Shan Gui (this is, of course, conceived according to the custom of "watching sacrifices" without the presence of gods). She was annoyed and sad, and at the same time, with a glimmer of hope, she began to look for it in the mountains. The poem vividly shows the witch's search process and her subtle psychology with changing pictures: she suddenly climbed to the top of the mountain to overlook the depths of the jungle, but the dissolved mountain fog obscured her anxious vision; She suddenly walked in the dark forest, but the old trees were dense and dark as night; The wind and showers in the mountains seemed to be urged by God, but Miss Shan Gui just didn't show up. People offered sacrifices to Shan Ling to pray for her blessing. Now I can't see God, and no one can make me (the world represented by witches) young forever. In order to alleviate the sense of loss after years, she ate Ganoderma lucidum ("Sanxiu") in the mountains in order to prolong her life. These descriptions, although written about the wizard's idea of looking for gods, just express the aspirations and disappointments of the world. The poet also showed the wizard's psychology of meeting the gods skillfully: "complaining about the son's melancholy and forgetting to return" is clearly a sorrow for the gods; "You miss me, I can't be idle", but in an instant, the resentment disappeared completely. Instead, I went to defend Miss Shan Gui's absence. "Mountain people are happy" is literally similar to the beginning of "Zi Muyu is graceful and restrained". It seems that he is still boasting and boasting, but here, he vaguely reveals the self-pity and self-pity of the gods. "You think I'm suspicious", and it is obviously the wizard himself who has thoughts and doubts about Shan Gui's absence; But when I spoke, I said it was a god. The protagonist's psychology shown in these poems is complex and subtle.

At the end of the poem, it is a foregone conclusion that the gods are gone, and there is a sad voice in the poem. The phrase "Rain hides in the rain" interweaves thunder and ape's cry with the sound of wind and rain, showing an extremely bleak night view of the mountain forest. The poet seems to have used the method of contrast here: the more he exaggerates the thunder and the ape's cry at night, the more he can see the depth and silence of the forest where Shan Gui lives. It is in this boundless silence that the poet's pen collection suddenly uttered a plaintive cry: "I miss my son!" " This is a cry of pain from the heart of the witch who met God-she drove a red leopard with flowers and came along the winding mountain in such joy; At this point, I left in the wind and rain with a lot of sadness and sorrow, and finally disappeared in the thunder and the cry of apes. Generally speaking, the ancients "take sorrow as beauty", and it is expected that immortals will also like sorrow. The more sorrowful life is shown in the sacrifice, the more it can attract the mercy and care of the gods.

Brief introduction of the author

Qu Yuan (340-278 BC) was a statesman of Chu in the Warring States Period and the earliest great poet in China. The name is flat, the word is original, the cloud name is correct, and the number is average. He is knowledgeable. He helped Chu Huaiwang at the beginning and served as a doctor and disciple of San Lv. It advocates cultivating talents internally, cultivating statutes, and uniting external forces to resist Qin. Rejected by the nobility, he was exiled to the Yuanxiang River Basin. Later, due to the political corruption of Chu, the capital Ying was captured by Qin, unable to save it, and deeply felt that the political ideal could not be realized, so he died in Miluo River. He wrote many immortal poems, such as Li Sao, Tian Wen and Nine Chapters and Nine Songs. His poems express passionate patriotic thoughts and feelings, express his love for Chu, and embody his unremitting pursuit of ideals and his spirit of not regretting his death. On the basis of absorbing the nutrition of folk literature and art, he created a new form of Sao style, integrated myths and legends with beautiful language and rich imagination, created a distinctive image, and was full of positive romantic spirit, which had a great influence on later generations. His works handed down from ancient times can be found in The Songs of the South compiled by Liu Xiang in the Han Dynasty.