Subtropical monsoon and humid climate are mainly distributed in _ _ _

The subtropical monsoon climate is distributed on the east coast of subtropical continent with 25 ~ 35 north latitude, and East Asia is the most representative. It is a zone where tropical marine air masses and polar continental air masses alternately control and compete with each other. In China, it is mainly distributed in the eastern part of tropical monsoon climate type and the south of Qinling-Huaihe line in the north. In addition, it is also distributed in southern Japan and the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Summer is hot and rainy, and winter is mild and rainy.

name

Also known as subtropical monsoon climate.

Edit the difference of thermal properties between land and ocean (the largest continent-Eurasia and the largest ocean-Pacific Ocean).

Climatic characteristics of subtropical monsoon and monsoon humid climate

1 month, the average temperature is generally above 0℃, it is hot in summer, and the average temperature in July is generally around 25℃. In winter, there are obvious changes in the direction of Xia Feng; The annual precipitation is generally above 1000mm, mainly concentrated in summer and less in winter.

The subtropical monsoon humid climate is mainly distributed in southeastern North America, eastern Argentina in South America and southeastern Australia. Because there is a certain amount of precipitation in winter, the difference between winter and summer is not as significant as that of typical subtropical monsoon climate, so it is called subtropical monsoon humid climate. Its cause is also the difference of thermal properties between land and sea, but the difference of thermal properties between land and sea in its distribution area is not as significant as that in subtropical monsoon climate distribution area.

Note that these two climates can be collectively referred to as subtropical monsoon climate, with little difference.

The continent where the subtropical monsoon humid climate zone is located is not the largest continent, and the adjacent ocean is not the largest ocean (because the specific heat capacity of seawater and soil is different, there will be a difference between cold and hot, forming a monsoon). The difference between hot and cold is not very significant, and there is little difference between winter and summer, so the monsoon characteristics of its climate are not particularly typical.

Subtropical monsoon and monsoon humid climate, hot and rainy in summer, mild and dry in winter. Subtropical monsoon climate only exists in East Asia; The east coast monsoon of other continents is not typical, so it is called subtropical monsoon humid climate.

Edit the temperature characteristics of this section. The subtropical monsoon climate zone is rich in heat resources, with annual average temperature 13℃~ 20℃ and accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ of 4000℃~ 6500℃. The monthly average temperature in 65438+ 10 is above 0℃, 0℃~2℃ in the north of the Yangtze River, 2℃~ 10℃ in the south of the Yangtze River and10℃ in Nanling area. Due to the low terrain and weak barrier function, Huaiyang Mountain is often affected by cold air from the south in winter, especially Jianghan Plain and Dongting Lake Plain, which are connected to Nanyang Basin in the north and Gui Xiang Corridor in Nantong. Winter becomes a channel for cold air to move southward, where the 65438+ 10 monthly isotherm protrudes southward in a tongue shape. The absolute minimum temperature in the north of the Yangtze River can reach below-10℃, and the minimum value of-18. 1℃ has appeared in Hankou (197765438+1October 30th), and it is mostly between -7℃ and-0 in the south of the Yangtze River. Whenever strong cold air goes south, the temperature often drops above 10℃. In Shanghai, there was a record that the temperature dropped by 25.2℃ in two days. Therefore, although this area is subtropical, the winter temperature is lower than other parts of the world at the same latitude. Due to the low temperature in winter, the subtropical latitude of China is south, and its northern boundary is 4~5 latitudes south of the theoretical boundary. Compared with the Mediterranean region, it is 10~ 1 1 latitude to the south. However, subtropical areas in China, especially central China, are generally hot in summer, with the average temperature in July around 28℃ and some areas exceeding 29℃. High temperature weather above 35℃ often occurs from May to September. July-August is controlled by subtropical high, with many sunny days and long sunshine hours. The frequency of high temperature is the highest, and the absolute high temperature often exceeds 40℃. Jinhua, Zhejiang and Anhua, Hunan have high temperatures above 465 and 438+0℃. The average temperature in April and1October is 16℃~2 1℃, and the temperature in autumn is slightly higher than that in spring.

Generally speaking, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are warm in spring and cool in autumn, hot in summer and cold in winter, with four distinct seasons. Generally, winter is 1~4 months long, about 4 months north of the Yangtze River, and less than 1 month in Nanling area; Summer lasts for more than four months, generally ending from mid-late May to late September, and arriving at the beginning of 10 at the latest in the south. The length of spring and autumn in most areas is 2 months each, and it can reach 3 months in the south.

The average annual precipitation in subtropical monsoon climate zone is generally 800 mm~ 1600 mm, which is 12 times more than that in North China and richer than that in Southwest China. The distribution of precipitation decreases from southeast to northwest. The annual precipitation in hilly areas of Zhejiang Province is 1200mm ~ 180mm, that in Nanling mountain area and hilly areas of the south of the Yangtze River is about 1500 mm, and that in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is about1200mm. The influence of topography on precipitation is also remarkable. Generally, there are more mountains than flat land, and there are more windward slopes than leeward slopes. For example, Tunxi in Anhui is very close to Huangshan, and the precipitation in Huangshan is 700 mm more than that in Tunxi (Tunxi 1507.8 mm, Huangshan is 2263.9 mm). The annual precipitation of Luoxiao Mountain and Xuefeng Mountain can exceed 1800 mm.

In the seasonal distribution of precipitation, summer rain is the most, followed by spring rain, autumn rain is worse, and winter rain is the least, but winter rainfall can also account for more than 10% of the annual precipitation. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are areas with high proportion of winter rain and abundant spring rain in China.

This seasonal distribution of precipitation is closely related to the geographical location of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the atmospheric circulation process.

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River lie in the east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In winter, the north-south jet of the westerly belt meets over this area, forming a relatively stable shear line. Coupled with the influence of Nanling Mountains, a relatively durable quasi-static front in South China appeared on the ground, with frequent cyclones and extremely rainy weather. In most areas, the average precipitation in 65438+February and 65438+1October is about 40 mm~50 mm, and it is 60 mm in February. Since March, the warm and humid air flow in the south has strengthened and the precipitation frequency has increased. In late March, Gannan first entered the spring rain period, and the spring rain gradually extended to the northwest, southwest and northeast. In most areas, the spring rain doesn't end until early and middle June. There is a lot of precipitation and a long rainy period in the hilly areas of the south of the Yangtze River. In most areas, the spring rain begins in early April and ends in late May, and the rainy season lasts for 60 days. There are more spring rains in this area, and the proportion of spring rains in Changsha and Nanchang is about 40%, which is more than summer rain. In Nanjing, Shanghai, Wenzhou and other places, spring rain accounts for about 25% of the annual precipitation.

Edit the plants in this section. The plants in subtropical monsoon climate are evergreen broad-leaved forests. Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Theaceae, Magnoliaceae and Hamamelidaceae are the main tree species in evergreen broad-leaved forest. Trees in a typical evergreen broad-leaved forest usually have the characteristics of Lauraceae, with tough leaves and bright surfaces, and the leaves tend to face the sun.