What pollution has Jinan's environment suffered?

water

waste

Air pollution refers to the phenomenon that a substance enters the atmosphere due to human production and living activities, which changes the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the atmosphere, affects people's life and work, endangers human health, affects or endangers the survival of various organisms, and directly or indirectly damages equipment and buildings.

The air quality reflects the degree of air pollution, which is judged according to the concentration of pollutants in the air. Air pollution is a complex phenomenon. At a specific time and place, the concentration of air pollutants is affected by many factors. Man-made pollutant emissions from fixed pollution sources and mobile pollution sources are one of the most important factors affecting air quality, including vehicle, ship and aircraft exhaust, industrial enterprise production emissions, residents' living heating, garbage incineration and so on. Urban development density, topography and meteorology are also important factors affecting air quality.

With the rapid development of social economy and the improvement of industrialization level, human activities have an increasing impact on the environment, especially in cities where a large number of factories, vehicles and personnel are concentrated. Due to the above reasons, the air quality is deteriorating, where it is deteriorating, how bad it is, and what is the development trend. Experts care, people care, and the government cares more. Publicly publishing the air quality status in the news media is an initiative of the government to do practical things for the people and a basic work of environmental protection in line with international standards. It is not only conducive to the openness and transparency of environmental protection work, but also helps to promote public awareness and participation in environmental protection work. According to the different reporting time, the air quality can be divided into: the hourly report is called twice; What is reported every day is called a daily newspaper; A weekly report is called a weekly report.

Air pollution pollutants include: smoke and dust, total suspended particles, respirable suspended particles (floating dust), nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, volatile organic compounds and so on.

Preventing air pollution and controlling pollution discharge are fundamental measures to improve air quality. The main ways are: reasonable industrial layout and good environmental planning; Change the energy structure, popularize clean fuels and adopt clean production technology to reduce pollutant emissions; Strengthen energy conservation, improve energy utilization rate and regional central heating; Strengthen environmental supervision and management and control of old pollution sources, and implement total control and discharge up to standard; Strictly control automobile exhaust emissions.

Plants can filter all kinds of toxic and harmful air pollutants and purify the air, especially trees, so afforestation is a more economical and effective measure to prevent and control air pollution.

Water pollution:

Human activities will cause a large number of industrial, agricultural and domestic wastes to be discharged into water bodies and pollute them. At present, more than 420 billion cubic meters of sewage is discharged into rivers, lakes and seas every year, polluting 5.5 trillion cubic meters of fresh water, which is equivalent to more than 14% of the total global runoff.

There are two kinds of water pollution: one is natural pollution; The other is man-made pollution. At present, man-made pollution is the most harmful to water bodies. Water pollution can be divided into three categories: chemical pollution, physical contamination and biological pollution.

Sea water pollution

Sewage, waste residue, waste oil and chemicals keep flowing into the sea. In many sea areas, it is illegal to dump sewage mixed with oil pollution, but this kind of thing still happens from time to time. The real oil disaster occurs when a giant oil tanker leaks or sinks. Now, we try to use chemicals to precipitate oil in water to remove it.

Dumping chemical and radioactive wastes into the sea has been going on for many years. The container will corrode one day and harmful substances will enter the sea water. We don't know much about the circulation of deep water and surface water, and the process may be faster than we thought before.

surface water pollution

More than 500 years ago, people thought it was dangerous to drink river water flowing through big cities, but industrialization, population growth and new toxic chemicals made the situation worse and worse.

With the laying of drainage system and the increasing use of cleaning agents, the phosphate content in our waterways and lakes is increasing day by day. This overnutrition leads to the rapid proliferation of algae. Consume oxygen in water, kill fish and worsen ecosystem. Due to the improper treatment of mercury compounds and other heavy metals in industry, serious water pollution has also been caused. Mercury gradually concentrates through the food chain, and finally causes serious nerve damage to fish-eating birds or humans.

underground water pollution

Like surface water, groundwater is also threatened by pollution, which mainly comes from the infiltration of surface water or soil water. Oil and phenol in agricultural nitrogen fertilizer and garbage pollute groundwater. Once the nitrate in nitrogen fertilizer enters the ground, it will be transformed into nitrite, which can be transformed into carcinogen in human body. The destruction of ground vegetation and the drainage of wetlands reduce the infiltration of surface water, thus reducing the groundwater level. Due to the excessive demand of cities and industries, fresh water is continuously pumped out as domestic and industrial water, and then discharged as surface sewage again, which will further reduce the groundwater level. On the other hand, a large number of frequent irrigation can enhance infiltration and make the groundwater level rise to the surface. In arid areas, the land infiltrated by water will precipitate salt from underground water due to abnormal evaporation, and it will become uncultivated saline-alkali land sooner or later.