What continent is Pakistan in?

Palestine, also known as the State of Palestine, is a country in the Middle East, founded by Arabs living in the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza.

Palestine has a subtropical Mediterranean climate and mainly believes in Islam. The main mineral reserves in Palestine are: natural gas, oil, coal, iron, bauxite, a large number of chrome ore, marble and precious stones.

Palestine was called Canaan in ancient times.

Around the 20th century BC, Sumerian Canaanites settled in the coastal areas and plains of Palestine.

BC13rd century, the Philistines established a country along the coast. At the end of 13 BC, Hebrew tribes invaded Canaan and settled there.

From 65438 BC+0020 BC to 923 BC, Jews established the Hebrew Kingdom, and later Assyria, Babylon, Persia and other foreigners occupied Palestine.

BC 1 century, the Roman Empire invaded, and most Jews flowed to all parts of the world.

In 622 AD, the Arabs defeated the Roman Empire, took over Palestine and became a part of the Arab Empire. With the continuous migration of Arabs and assimilation with local aborigines, modern Palestinian Arabs have gradually formed.

From16th century, Palestine became a part of the Ottoman Empire.

1920, Britain divided Palestine into two parts by the Jordan River. The east is called Outer Jordan, while the west still calls Palestine the British Mandate. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, a large number of Jews moved to Palestine at the instigation of the "Zionist Movement", and bloody conflicts with local Arabs continued.

Casting process

Main terms: Palestinian-Israeli conflict, Palestinian-Israeli peace talks

After World War II, with the support of Britain and the United States, the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 18 1 in 1947, stipulating that Palestine should establish a Jewish state (about 1 5,200 square kilometers) and an Arab state (about1.

The Israeli side supported the resolution and established the State of Israel in May 1948. The Arab countries opposed and vetoed the resolution, and declared war on Israel on May 5 15, the day after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC). As a result, they were defeated and occupied most of the land in the Arab region stipulated in the above resolution. In addition, Jordan occupied 4,800 square kilometers of land in the West Bank; 258 square kilometers of Gaza were occupied by the Egyptians.

1964 The first meeting of the Palestinian National Council held in Jerusalem in May decided to establish the PLO.

1On June 5th, 967, the third Middle East war broke out, and Israel occupied the West Bank and Gaza, that is, the whole of Palestine. Many Palestinians have been forced to flee to neighboring Arab countries and other parts of the world and become refugees.

1969 Arafat was the chairman of the PLO Executive Committee.

1978 In September, Egypt, Israel and the United States signed the Camp David Agreement, and the Palestinians in the occupied territories obtained limited autonomy, and the PLO refused to accept it.

1988165438+1October 15 The extraordinary meeting of the Palestinian National Council held in Algiers adopted the Declaration of Independence, announcing the establishment of a Palestinian state in Palestine with Jerusalem as its capital. The declaration clearly stated that Pakistan accepted the General Assembly resolution19471KLOC-0/adopted on 29 October (partition resolution). The border issue between Pakistan and Pakistan will be resolved through negotiations in the future.

Arafat recognized Israel's right to exist. After secret negotiations, Israel and Palestine signed a peace agreement and put forward a Palestinian autonomy plan.

1On May 4, 1994, the Palestinians and Israelis signed a historic agreement on limited autonomy in the Gaza and Jericho. 12 On May 2nd, the Palestinian National Authority was established. On July 12 of the same year, Arafat returned to Gaza after 27 years in exile.

1In May 1994, according to the agreement reached between Palestine and Israel, Palestine exercised limited autonomy in the Gaza and Jericho. Since 1995, according to the agreement signed by Palestine and Israel, the Palestinian autonomous region has been gradually expanded, and Palestine has gradually recovered and controlled about 2,500 square kilometers of land, including Gaza and the West Bank of the Jordan River.

1May 1994 12, the Palestinian National Authority was established.

The Palestinian-Israeli peace talks failed to reach agreement on thorny issues such as the ownership of Jerusalem, Jewish settlements, the return of Palestinian refugees and the demarcation of the Palestinian-Israeli border, and conflicts continued.

In June 2007, Hamas seized the Gaza Strip in the conflict with Fatah. Since then, the two factions have gone their own way. Among them, Hamas occupied the Gaza, Fatah ruled the West Bank and was supervised by the Palestine Liberation Organization.

Palestine has been an observer entity of the United Nations since June 1974+0 1. At that time, Palestinian activities in the United Nations were carried out in the name of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).

1988165438+10/5 After the establishment of the State of Palestine, the General Assembly adopted a resolution in February of the same year 15, and decided to officially replace the original name of the PLO with the name of Palestine in the United Nations [3].

Although Pakistan's founding declaration has been recognized by the overwhelming majority of the Member States of the United Nations, it is not a full member of the United Nations, has no voting right and only has observer status. Since the announcement of the establishment of the State of Palestine, Palestine and Arab countries have repeatedly asked the General Assembly to upgrade Palestine's observer status in the United Nations to the status of a Member State, but Israel and the United States are firmly opposed [3].

1997 12 According to the new situation in the Middle East peace process, Arab countries formally submitted a draft resolution to the General Assembly, demanding that Pakistan's status in the United Nations be upgraded to a non-voting member second only to a full member.

1In July 1998, the United Nations General Assembly adopted this resolution by an overwhelming majority. Although the resolution does not fully meet the requirements of the above draft resolution, Pakistan's position in the United Nations has been improved [3].

20 10 At the beginning of September, the Palestinian-Israeli peace talks were interrupted shortly after their resumption, and Pakistan subsequently decided to seek to join the United Nations as a diplomatic strategy to promote the establishment of an independent Palestinian state.

20 1 1 On September 23rd, 2000, Pakistan submitted an application to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, seeking to become a full member of the UN, numbered 194, but failed to get the support of the Security Council due to the opposition of the United States and Israel [3].

After World War II, the Palestinian State has never been officially recognized by the United Nations. However, Pakistan has always adhered to the founding movement and actively promoted membership from 20 1 1.

According to the regulations, in order to join the United Nations as an independent country, relevant proposals must first be passed by the Security Council and submitted to the General Assembly, and then they must be agreed by two-thirds of the members of the General Assembly. According to the current 192 Member States of the General Assembly, Pakistan needs the support of at least 128 countries to become a full member of the United Nations.

June[4]20 1 1, Mansour, Pakistan's permanent observer to the United Nations, said that nearly 120 countries have expressed their support for Palestine and Israel to join the United Nations as independent countries.

On October 201101October 3 10, the general conference of UNESCO voted to pass the proposal that Palestine should join the organization as a member state. This is the first time that Pakistan has been allowed to join the United Nations as a member state, which also provides favorable factors for Pakistan to finally join the United Nations [3].

20 12 In September, Pakistan announced that it would strive to become an observer state of the United Nations during the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly. 165438+1On 29 October, the General Assembly adopted a resolution with 138 votes in favour, 9 votes against and 4 1 abstention, and decided to grant Palestine observer status in the United Nations [3]. As a country that mainly persecuted Jews in World War II, Germany abstained. Britain's attitude of assisting Jews to return to Palestine to establish an Israeli state is also abstention. The reason for abstaining from voting is that Palestinians will only vote for Israel if they promise not to bring it to the International Court of Justice in the future. Israel, led by the United States, and some small countries in the South Pacific, including the Czech Republic, the only country in the European Union, voted against it.

2012165438+1On October 29th, people took to the streets to celebrate Palestine's becoming an observer of the United Nations in the West Bank city of Ramallah.

The General Assembly decided to grant Palestine observer status in the United Nations, and hoped that the Security Council would positively consider Palestine's application for full membership in the United Nations submitted on September 23rd, 201. The resolution also urges all countries and specialized agencies and organizations of the United Nations system to continue to support and assist the Palestinian people in realizing their right to self-determination, independence and freedom at an early date. On the same day, Palestinian President Abbas led a delegation to attend the meeting. Before the upgrade of Pakistan, the only observer country was the Vatican.

20 14, 1 On April 0, 2008, Pakistan restarted its application for membership in the United Nations and resumed seeking further recognition from the United Nations.

On September 30th, 20 15, the Palestinian flag was raised for the first time at the United Nations headquarters in new york, USA. [7]

20 17 12 13, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation announced in Istanbul, Turkey that it recognized East Jerusalem as the capital of the Palestinian state.

Palestine consists of two parts, of which Gaza is located in the southwest of Israel and the northeast of Egypt, with a coastline of 40 kilometers in Gaza and an area of 365 square kilometers in Gaza, and the other part is the West Bank of Jordan, located in the middle and east of Israel and the west of Jordan, with an area of 5,800 square kilometers. At present, Palestine consists of Gaza and the West Bank, of which Gaza is completely controlled by Hamas and the West Bank is actually controlled by the Palestinian National Authority. After the Madrid Peace Conference, Pakistan recovered about 2,500 square kilometers of land through peace talks with Israel. [ 1]

Climatic characteristics

Palestine has a subtropical Mediterranean climate with hot and dry summers. The hottest month is July-August, and the highest temperature is about 38℃. It is slightly cold, humid and rainy in winter, with an average temperature of 4- 1 1℃ and the coldest month of 65438+ 10. The rainy season is 65438+February to March of the following year. There is a great disparity in rainfall between the north and the south, with an average rainfall of 900 mm in the northernmost part and only about 50 mm in the southernmost part.

The main mineral reserves in Palestine are: 492 billion cubic meters of natural gas, 654.38+84 billion barrels of oil, 654.38+085 billion tons of coal, 430 million tons of iron, 74 million tons of bauxite, and a large number of chrome ore, marble and precious stones.

Palestine is divided into two parts: the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. According to the map drawn by the Palestinian Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation and June 5438+0997, the West Bank is divided into 1 1 provinces: Jenin, Tulkarem, Tubas, Nablus, Jericho, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Calzia, Hebron, Safer and Ramallah-Erbal.

Gaza is divided into five provinces: Northern Province, Gaza, Deir Baile, Hanyounis and Rafah. [ 1]

At present, all Palestinian government agencies are located in Ramallah, but Palestine advocates that the future capital should be located in Jerusalem, which is the holy city of Christianity, Islam and Judaism. 1988165438+10 In October, the Palestinian National Council adopted the Declaration of Independence at its19 extraordinary meeting, declaring Jerusalem the capital of the Palestinian state. [1] The Palestinian Presidential Palace and other major government departments are located in Ramallah. [8]

Ramallah is the economic, cultural and commercial center of Palestine and the administrative center of the Palestinian National Authority in the West Bank. The city has Arafat's official residence, branches of the autonomous government, headquarters of the Palestinian Council (legislature), official television and radio stations. The offices of some countries accredited to the Palestinian National Authority are also located here.

Jerusalem (English: Jerusalem; Hebrew: Latinized: Yerushalayim or Yerushalaaim; Arabic:, Latinized: al-Quds, Chinese Culture: Goodes, or, Latinized: Bayt-al-Muqaddas) is a city with a long history in the Levant region of the Near East, located between the mountainous areas of Judah, the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea.

Gaza (Gaza)

A city in western Palestine (now controlled by Hamas), with Gaza in the northeast of Gaza and Gaza as the administrative center of Gaza. It is located in the Gaza between the Egyptian border and the Mediterranean Sea, and communicates with the coast through a gap in the sand dune zone. It is an important maritime gateway in southern Pakistan. It used to be a major port in Pakistan, with industries such as pottery, food and textiles. Hamas has repeatedly clashed with Israelis here.