Causes of haze formation

The causes of haze formation. In real life, many people don't pay attention to smog. Smog weather has a certain impact on our physical and mental health, and smog reduces our visibility a lot. Let's take a look at the causes of smog formation.

Causes of smog formation 1 As a natural phenomenon, smog has three factors.

First, the phenomenon of static wind in the horizontal direction has increased. In recent years, with the rapid development of urban construction, buildings are built higher and higher, which increases the friction coefficient of the ground and weakens the airflow when passing through the urban area. The increase of static wind phenomenon is not conducive to the diffusion and dilution of atmospheric pollutants to the periphery of urban areas, and it is easy to accumulate high-concentration pollution in urban areas.

The second is the phenomenon of vertical inversion. The inversion layer is like a pot cover over a city, which causes the inversion phenomenon that the temperature at high altitude is higher than that at low altitude. Under normal climatic conditions, pollutants diffuse from low altitude with high temperature to high altitude with low temperature and are gradually discharged into the atmosphere. Under the inversion phenomenon, the low-altitude temperature is lower, which leads to the retention of pollutants and cannot be discharged in time.

The third is the increase of suspended particulate matter. In recent years, with the development of industry, the increase of motor vehicles, the discharge of pollutants and the increase of suspended solids in the city have directly led to the decrease of visibility and made the whole city look gray.

Hazards of smog

A few days ago, the China Academy of Social Sciences and the China Meteorological Bureau issued the Green Paper on Climate Change, which reported that smog weather affects health, not only aggravating respiratory and heart diseases, but also affecting reproductive capacity. This statement triggered a heated discussion among netizens.

The research team of Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University conducted a study on male infertility in Shanghai for 10 years, which proved that the environment was deteriorating and the quality of male semen was getting worse. In the reproductive clinics of major hospitals in Shanghai, more and more men are infertile because of azoospermia, oligozoospermia, asthenospermia and sperm malformation. Infertility has become the third major disease affecting human health, second only to tumors and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

In contrast, many data at home and abroad show that environmental factors may lead to infertility. In an experiment in Canada, the staff fed mice born at the same time in the city and the countryside respectively. The results showed that the life span of mice in cities was short and their fertility declined, while those who grew up in rural areas not only lived long, but also had strong fertility. According to experts, small particles of PM2.5 in smog are not only dust, but also smoke, including automobile exhaust and industrial waste gas. These substances all contain many environmental pollution toxins, which are collectively called environmental pollution estrogens in academic circles and can be absorbed by the human body through various channels.

Guo Yinglu, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and chief physician of Peking University First Hospital, said that even if there is an impact, it will not be too big. At present, the most direct harm of smog to human health is mainly to increase the incidence of respiratory diseases. So how to reduce the harm of smog to the human body? Experts suggest that citizens should go out less in foggy days, and air purifiers can be used to purify the air when the doors and windows at home are closed; Try to wear a mask with special functions when going out in foggy days; On the premise of maintaining a balanced nutritional intake, eat more foods rich in antioxidants, such as grape seeds rich in anthocyanins, cauliflower containing sulforaphane, and tomatoes containing lycopene.

Haze countermeasures:

Countermeasures 1. Pay attention to nourishing and protecting the lungs.

Smog weather is very harmful to the lungs. If not prevented, it is easy to induce bronchial, respiratory and lung diseases, so we should attach great importance to nourishing and protecting the lungs. The most direct and effective way is to keep some medicines for clearing away lung-heat, relieving asthma and protecting and nourishing lung at home, such as modifying Ning Fei granules in pharmaceutical industry.

Countermeasure 2: Go out without cycling and never exercise.

When riding a bike, you need to breathe in more air. In this weather, the air is seriously polluted. The faster you ride a bike, the more chemicals you inhale. Therefore, in the past two days, if you really want to go out by bike, don't worry, try to avoid the roads with heavy traffic.

Countermeasure 3: Stay at home and go out less.

Symptoms of patients with heart disease and lung disease will be obviously aggravated when they are heavily polluted, and symptoms will also be common in healthy people. Reducing going out is the most effective way to protect yourself, especially those suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and children and the elderly. According to the epidemiological study on PM2.5 published by Huang Wei, a researcher at the Frontier Interdisciplinary Research Center of Environment and Health in Peking University, in American Epidemiology 20 12, after excluding the influencing factors such as age, sex, aging and meteorological factors, when the concentration of PM2.5 increases 103 μ g/m3, the risk of excess death from all causes of residents will increase by 2.29%. The risk of excess death caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is higher, which is 3.08%.

Countermeasure 4: Wash your face, rinse your mouth and clean your nose before entering the door.

After entering the room, clean up the smog attached to your body in time, wash your face, rinse your mouth and clean your nose.

It is best to wash your face with warm water, which can effectively clean the smog particles attached to the skin; The purpose of gargling is to remove dirt attached to the mouth; The key is to clean the nasal cavity. Nose washing method: After washing your hands, hold warm water, gently absorb water with your nose and blow your nose quickly, and repeat several times to clean up all the dirty things in your nose. It is worth noting that when cleaning the nasal cavity, you must gently absorb water to avoid coughing. When cleaning the child's nasal cavity, parents can repeatedly wash the clean cotton swab with water.

Countermeasure 5: Wear N95 mask.

Ordinary masks have little effect on 2.5 micron airborne particles. To block PM2.5, a medical N95 mask is needed, which can block 95% of 0.3 micron particles and also play a certain role in PM2.5 weather off the charts.

To buy a formal and qualified N95 mask that matches your face size, you should wait until it is dry and fold it in half to prevent the breathing moisture from breeding bacteria on the mask. It should not be worn for too long, and the elderly and patients with cardiovascular diseases should avoid wearing it to avoid dizziness caused by dyspnea.

Reasons for the formation of smog 2 What are the main reasons for the formation of smog weather?

There are many sources of smog, such as automobile exhaust, industrial emissions, building dust, garbage incineration, and even volcanic eruption. Hazy weather is usually formed by the mixed action of various pollution sources. However, in the smog weather in different regions, the degree of' role' of different pollution sources is different. The formation of smoke has three elements:

1, the physical basic source of particulate matter. China has the largest loess plateau in the world, and its soil texture is the easiest to produce granular dust particles.

2. Poor exercise will produce dust. For example, the mud in the garden in the middle of the road and the soil on the roadside stones will flow to the road after raining or splashing water, which will produce a lot of dust after one hour of drying. Even if these particles fall back to the ground, they will be thrown over the city again because of the continuous passing of cars.

3. The basic source of dust and the process of movement difference gather in a certain spatial range, and the particles finally gather with water cluster cluster to form smog.

At present, in more than 350 cities in the Loess Plateau of China, the three elements of smog structure are quite rich.

Smog control strategy:

20 13 September, the State Council publicly released the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan in response to the increasingly serious haze weather.

1, Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan:

Atmospheric environmental protection concerns people's fundamental interests, sustained and healthy economic development, building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation.

At present, China's air pollution situation is grim, and the regional atmospheric environmental problems characterized by inhalable particulate matter (PM 10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are increasingly prominent, endangering people's health and affecting social harmony and stability.

With the deepening of industrialization and urbanization in China, the consumption of energy and resources continues to increase, and the pressure of air pollution prevention and control continues to increase. In order to effectively improve air quality, this action plan is formulated.

2. General requirements:

Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, and based on the protection of people's health, we will vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization, adhere to the combination of government regulation and market regulation, coordinate comprehensive promotion with key breakthroughs, coordinate regional cooperation with territorial management, and synchronize total emission reduction with quality improvement.

Form a new mechanism for air pollution prevention and control with government guidance, corporate governance, market drive and public participation, implement regional and phased governance, promote the optimization of industrial structure, enhance the ability of scientific and technological innovation, improve the quality of economic growth, achieve a win-win situation for environmental benefits, economic benefits and social benefits, and strive to build a beautiful China.

3. Objectives:

After five years of hard work, the air quality in the country has improved, and the heavily polluted weather has been greatly reduced; The air quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other regions has improved significantly. Strive to use another five years or longer to gradually eliminate heavily polluted weather, and the air quality in the country has improved significantly.

Reasons for the formation of smog 3 How to prevent smog?

Go out and ride less.

Smog can temporarily reduce morning exercises and try to 10- 14 go out. At the same time, drink more water, smoke less, stay away from "second-hand smoke" and reduce the burden on organs such as lungs and liver. People who are used to riding bicycles and electric cars to work or on business trips should try to avoid the morning and evening rush hours of traffic jams and try to transfer to buses. This is because many chemical components in automobile exhaust are not completely burned and will float with fine particles in the air. When you ride a bike or an electric car, your body needs oxygen, and your lungs will inhale a lot of air.

How to prevent smog-wear a mask

Medical masks can block 95% of 0.3 micron particles. Wear a mask. Choose a regular and qualified mask. Wear it at the same time, buy a model that matches your face size, and stick it on your skin to the maximum extent, so that polluted particles can't enter. The mask cannot be washed. After you take it off, you should wait until it is dry before folding it, so as to prevent the breathing moisture from breeding bacteria on the mask. The elderly and patients with cardiovascular diseases should avoid wearing it, because it is a professional anti-virus aerosol mask with good sealing performance, and it is easy to breathe and feel dizzy after wearing it.

The patient advised not to go out.

In this weather, reducing going out is the most effective way to protect yourself, especially for people with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. According to this study, when the fog concentration increases 103 μ g/m3, the excess death risk of all causes of death will increase by 2.29%, and the lag time will be 1-2 days after excluding the influencing factors such as age, sex, time effect and meteorological factors. The risk of excess death caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is higher, which is 3.08%.

In fact, there are many ways to prevent smog. Many people always feel that there is nothing they can do to prevent smog. Actually, it's not. Although our strength is limited, when each of us does something for smog, then smog is no longer so terrible. So everyone must act and do what they should do so that we can protect our environment.