The weather is cold, how to keep warm in ancient winter?

Clothing: The so-called cloth in ancient China generally refers to linen. People use the word "cloth" to describe ordinary people because the poor can't afford to wear silk, so they can only cover themselves with linen. During the 1500 years from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Tang and Song Dynasties, silk and flax maintained the daily necessities of tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of people in China. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, cotton gradually replaced silk and hemp and became an important natural fiber crop in China. In ancient times, leather clothing-furs, royal aristocrats generally used high-grade animal hair such as sheepskin and fox skin, while Shu Ren used inferior sheepskin or dog skin.

Architecture: buildings generally face south, which is conducive to relying on sunlight for heating. And both the main room and the wing room have thick walls and roofs to keep warm.

Fire pit: Fire pit is the oldest way of heating. From the excavation of Banpo, Jiangzhai and other sites, the stove kang near the door in its original house is a combination of cooking and heating. It can not only absorb the oxygen blown in from the outside to help burn, but also block the cold wind blown in from the door in winter.

Fire kang: most people in the south rely on quilts as thick as possible to keep out the cold. Houses in the north are generally equipped with perforated fire kang, and the heat generated by burning in winter enters the passage in the kang for heating. This heating method has been used in rural areas in northern China ever since.

Dikang: People with better conditions and nobles have more advanced heating equipment-Dikang. Its structure is to dig a fire pit several feet deep under the porch or eaves on one or both sides of the house and build a stove in the pit. The flue of the stove hovers repeatedly under the indoor ground. In this way, the hot smoke heats the floor paved with large square bricks for indoor heating. It has neither smoke pollution nor gas poisoning, and the hot air flow rises from the ground, making indoor heating very uniform. When there is no modern heating and air conditioning equipment, the floor kang is a very advanced heating equipment.

Fireplaces: According to the introduction of Qin Gong culture, archaeologists found three fireplaces beside the bath pool of Xianyang Palace ruins, which seemed to be heating equipment. There is a ash pit in front of the furnace mouth, and there is a charcoal canister for storing charcoal on the left side of the furnace, which shows that the fuel used in the fireplace is charcoal. Charcoal has no big flame and burns for a long time, which can keep the indoor temperature stable for a long time. It embodies the advanced building heating technology in ancient China.

Fire wall: There is also a fire wall in the ruins of Changle Palace in Qin Dynasty, that is, two tiles are interlocked to make a tube, which is wrapped in the wall and communicated with the stove for heating.