The weather in Juancheng

Sun Bin, a native of Qi State (now Juancheng, Shandong Province), was a descendant of Sun Wu, a general of Wu State, and a famous strategist during the Warring States Period. According to legend, when I was a teenager, I studied under the famous Guiguzi master Pang Juan.

Wei Huiwang also learned from Qin Xiaogong, looking for Shang Yang-style talents. He spent a lot of money to attract world heroes. Pang Juan came to see him and told him something about Qiang Bing, a rich country. Wei Huiwang was so happy that he made Pang Juan a general. Pang Juan really has some skills. He trained every day, starting from several small countries nearby and winning several battles in succession. Later, even Qi was defeated by him. From then on, Wei Huiwang trusted Pang Juan more. Pang Juan thinks he is a great artist. But he knew that one of his classmates, Sun Bin, was better than him, and Sun Bin was a neat person. It is said that Sun Bin is the descendant of Sun Wu, the general of Wu, and only he knows the ancestral art of war.

Wei Huiwang also heard of Sun Bin's reputation and once told Pang Juan about Sun Bin. Pang Juan sent someone to invite Sun Bin to work with him in Wei. I didn't know that Pang Juan had ulterior motives and framed Sun Bin for adultery with Qi in front of him. Wei Huiwang was very angry. He committed a crime against Sun Bin, tattooed Sun Bin's face and dug out his two kneecaps. Fortunately, an emissary of Qi visited Wei and secretly rescued Sun Bin and brought him back to Qi. Tian Ji, the general of Qi, heard that Sun Bin was a general and recommended him to Qi Weiwang. Qi Weiwang is also reforming its economy. After talking with Sun Bin about Sun Tzu's Art of War, he appreciated it very much. I just hope he didn't meet him earlier.

In 354 BC, Wei Huiwang sent Pang Juan to attack Zhao and surrounded Handan, the capital of Zhao (Hanyin, now southwest of Handan, Hebei). The next year, Zhao asked for help. Qi Weiwang wanted to worship Sun Bin as a general, but Sun Bin quickly refused to say, "No.. I am a disabled person who has been punished. When I become a general, I will bring laughter to people. Your Majesty, please ask Dr. Baitian to be a general. " Worship Tian Ji as a general, worship Sun Bin as a strategist, and send troops to save Zhao. Sun Bin sat in a covered car and helped Tian Ji to give advice. Sun Bin said to Tian Ji: "Now Wei has attacked Zhao with all its elite troops, and most of them are old, weak and sick China soldiers, which is very empty. Let's attack Wei Zhiliang. Hearing this, Pang Juan must give up Handan and run back. We will wait in the middle of the road and beat him head-on. We will definitely beat him. " Tian Ji followed the plan. Pang Juan's army has occupied Handan. Suddenly, he heard that Qi had gone to fight for the girder and immediately ordered him to retreat. Just after retreating to Guiling (now northwest of Henan placanticline), I met the military forces of Qi. In the two world wars, Pang Juan was defeated. The Qi army returned home in triumph and the siege of Handan was lifted.

In 34 1 year BC, Wei sent troops to attack South Korea. South Korea also turned to Qi for help. At that time, Qi Weiwang was already dead. His son Qi Xuanwang sent Tian Ji and Sun Bin to rescue the South Koreans. Sun Bin did the same thing again. Instead of saving Korea, he directly attacked Wei. Pang Juan got the urgent documents from his own country and had to retreat back. Qi's army has entered Wei. Wei launched a large number of troops, headed by Prince Shen, to resist the Qi army. By this time, the Qi army had already retired. Pang Juan looked at the place where the Qi army camped, and found that the camp of the Qi army occupied a large area. He asked people to count the stoves for cooking, which was enough for100000 people. Pang Juan was too scared to speak. The next day, Pang Juan led the army to the place where the Qi army camped for the second time, and counted the stoves, only enough for 50,000 people. On the third day, they chased the place where the Qi army camped for the third time and carefully counted the stoves, leaving only 20,000 people to use. Pang Juan was relieved and said with a smile, "I know that the Qi army is a coward. Only three days after the arrival of 100,000 troops in Wei, more than half of them fled. " He asked Wei Jun to chase the Qi army day and night. All the way to Maling (now southeast of daming county, Hebei), it was getting dark. Maling Road is very narrow, and there are obstacles beside the road. Pang Juan couldn't wait to catch up with Qi's army, so he ordered the army to advance in the dark. Suddenly the soldier in front came back and reported, "The road ahead is blocked by wood!" " Pang Juan stepped forward and saw that all the trees along the road had been cut down, leaving only the biggest tree untouched. Looking closely, one side of the tree was stripped of its bark, revealing a pith with several big letters written on it, because it was dark and I couldn't see it clearly. Pang Juan told the soldiers to bring torches. Some soldiers lit torches. Taking advantage of the fire, the tree pulp reads: "Chongjuan died under this tree." Pang Juan was surprised and hurriedly ordered the soldiers to retreat. It's getting late. I don't know how many arrows around, like locusts came at Wei Jun. At that time, ShaSheng blasting on both sides of Maling Road, soldiers of Qi were everywhere. It turned out that this was a trap set by Sun Bin. He deliberately reduced the number of stoves every day to lure Pang Juan to catch up. He calculated that when Wei Bing arrived in Maling, he ambushed a group of archers in advance and told them to shoot together as long as there was fire under the tree. Pang Juan had no choice but to draw his sword and commit suicide. Qi defeated Wei Jun and captured Wang Wei Shen alive.

After that, Sun Bin's fame spread all over the vassal states. Sun Tzu's The Art of War has been handed down to this day.

Kurt Sun

Sun Tzu's Art of War is a popular military work since the Warring States Period. Military strategists at all times and all over the world use the military theory discussed in it to guide the war. Moreover, the basic theories and ideas discussed in it have also been applied to modern business decision-making and social management. However, who is the author of this book? There is a lot of discussion in academic circles. One thought it was written by Sun Wu of the State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period, another thought it was written by Sun Bin, another thought it was written by Chu Shi in the early Warring States Period, and another thought it was written by Cao Cao in the Three Kingdoms Period. Until April 1972, Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Bin's Art of War written on bamboo slips were found in two Han tombs excavated in Yinxingshan, Linyi, Shandong. In this way, hundreds of years of debate ended, and the author of Sun Tzu's Art of War was recognized as Sun Wu, the general of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Hiding in Wu, he wrote the art of war.

Sun Wu, whose real name is Changqing, was called grandson and Sun Wuzi by later generations. Born around 535 BC in Le 'an, Qi (now Huimin, Shandong), the exact date of birth and death cannot be verified. Sun Wu's ancestor's name was Guiman, and he was canonized as a monarch by the Zhou Emperor (Chen Guo was founded in Wanqiu, which belongs to the eastern part of Henan and Anhui, and is now Huaiyang, Henan). Later, due to a coup in Chen, Sun Wu's distant ancestor left his hometown, fled to Qi and came to Qi Huangong. Qi Huangong knew that Chen Gongzi was young and promising, so he appointed him Gong Zheng, in charge of everything. After Gui lived together, his surname changed from Gui to Tian, so he was also called Tian Wan. More than a hundred years later, the Tian family became a big family of Qi, and its status became more and more prominent, and its territory in Qi was also expanding. Tian Wan's fifth son, Sun Tianshu, became a doctor of the State of Qi. He was very talented in military affairs. Because he led the troops to attack Ju 'an (now Juxian County, Shandong Province), Qi Jinggong gave him a piece of land in Le 'an (the governors gave him Qing and the doctor, also known as "fief" and "food city") and gave him his surname. Trapped here, Shu Tian is also known as Sun Shu. Sun Bin's son, Sun Ping, became the Qing Dynasty of Qi State and the highest official below the monarch of Qi State. Sun Ping is Sun Wu's father.

Because the aristocratic family provided Sun Wu with a superior learning environment, Sun Wu was able to read the ancient military classic "Military and Political Essentials" and understand the battle experience of the Yellow Emperor's victory over the Four Emperors and the historical facts that Yi Yin, Jiang Taigong and Guan Zhong used troops. In addition, wars were frequent and mergers were fierce. His grandfather and father are both generals who are good at leading troops.

He has heard and witnessed some wars since he was a child, which is very important for the military training of young Sun Wu. However, the Qi State where Sun Wu lived was full of contradictions and crises. In the early years of Qi Jinggong, the left seal was the right phase. So Tian, Bao, Luan and Gao joined forces to drive away the breeze. Later, the civil strife intensified, and the contradiction between the Qi government and the four families and the struggle for power and profit between the four families intensified. Sun Wu is extremely disgusted with this internal struggle and doesn't want to get involved. He came up with the idea of going away from home and finding another way to display his talents. At that time, because Shoumeng was king, Nanwu joined forces with Jin to attack Chu, and the country became strong and had a new atmosphere. Sun Wu believes that the State of Wu is the place where he displays his ideal talents and realizes his ambitions. In the thirty-first year of Qi Jinggong (5 17 BC), Sun Wu was in the prime of life at the age of 18. He resolutely left Le 'an, bid farewell to Qi, and traveled long distances to Wu. Sun Wu's lifelong career began in Wu and was buried in Wu after his death. Therefore, Wu Yue Spring and Autumn Period. "He Lu Zhuan" called Sun Wu a "martial man".

After Sun Wu came to Wu State, he met Wu Zixu of Chu State in the suburb of Wudu (now Suzhou). Wu Zixu, a famous minister of Chu, fled to Wu in 522 BC because his father Wu She and his brother Wu Shang were killed by King Chu Ping. He was determined to attack Chu and avenge his father and brother. After knowing Wu Zixu, Sun Wu became very speculative and became close friends. At this time, the situation in Wu was also turbulent, so the two men lived in seclusion and stood by.

In 5 15 BC, the son of Wu took advantage of the emptiness of the country, took Zhuan Xu as an assassin, attacked and killed Wu Wangliao, and then established himself as king, calling himself He Lu. After He Lv acceded to the throne, he reused Corporal Li Xian and appointed a number of worthy ministers such as Wu Zixu. He sympathizes with people's feelings, doesn't crave delicious food, doesn't listen to lewd music and doesn't like women. He paid attention to developing production, saving food, building city walls and training the army, thus winning the hearts of the people. Wu presents a thriving scene. He Lu also paid attention to collecting all kinds of talents, determined to make Wu stronger, and sometimes developed into the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, destroying Chu and dominating. Sun Wu, who lives in seclusion on the outskirts of Wudu, sees his future more clearly. In his secluded place, while irrigating the garden, farming and writing the art of war, please introduce yourself to Wu Zixu. Finally, Sun Wu wrote 13 articles on the art of war. This 13 article on the art of war is all about how to defeat the enemy, and the whole book constitutes a strict system.

The first "Plan" discusses how to plan before and during the war, and discusses the important significance of planning in the war. Sun Wu believes that before the war, we must make a thorough study and comparison of the basic situation of the enemy and our side, and make a careful plan at the right time before we can make a correct battle plan. There are five basic conditions that determine the victory or defeat of a war, namely "Tao" (morality), "sky" (weather), "land" (geographical location), "general" and "law" (legal system). If these conditions are clear, we can judge the outcome of the war. In the course of war, we should also study plans and take flexible measures to attack the enemy by surprise according to interests and changing circumstances. Sun Wu believes that if you plan carefully, you may win the war, but if you plan poorly, it is difficult for you to win, and if you don't plan at all, you will certainly fail.

The second chapter "Fighting Chapter" discusses the importance of quick decision. Because sending troops to fight will consume a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources of the country. If it is delayed for a long time, the army will be exhausted, bruised and exhausted, and other vassal States will take the opportunity to attack. Starting from the idea of winning as soon as possible, Sun Wu opposed the use of crude combat weapons at that time to conquer solid cities and villages, and also opposed the repeated recruitment and deployment of military supplies at home. Instead, he advocated solving food and grass on the spot in enemy countries, rewarding soldiers with goods, giving preferential treatment to prisoners, and supplementing and strengthening himself with prisoners. He believes that only in this way can we defeat the enemy quickly.

The third chapter, Planning an Attack, discusses the problem of winning the enemy by strategy. Sun Wu believes that "to defeat the enemy without fighting" is the best of the good, and "the whole country", "the whole army", "the whole brigade", "the whole pawn" and "the whole army" are the most ideal operational plans to force the enemy to surrender, and "to break the country", "Pojun", "to break the brigade" and "Pojun".

How can we "defeat the enemy without fighting" Sun Wu believes that the best policy is to "cut down the accumulation", followed by "cut down the enemy" and "cut down the soldiers", that is, he advocates conquering the enemy through political offensive, diplomatic means and armed forces. When fighting against the enemy, if the enemy is strong and we are weak, we must concentrate our superior forces to defeat the enemy, so as to achieve the goal of "encircling the enemy with ten troops, attacking the enemy with five troops, trying to disperse the enemy with twice the strength, being good at defeating the enemy with equal strength and being good at retreating with less than the enemy". In this article, Sun Wu put forward the brilliant idea of "know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle", and thought that the strategy must be based on understanding the situation of both sides.

The fourth chapter discusses that in fighting with troops, we must first create conditions for ourselves not to be defeated by the enemy, so as to wait for the opportunity when the enemy can be defeated by us and make ourselves invincible. Sun Wu believes that the victory or defeat of the war depends on the strength of the enemy and ourselves. If we want to defeat the enemy, we must make ourselves in an absolute advantage in the balance of power, thus creating a rapid and irresistible trend. In addition, we should wait for the favorable opportunity for the enemy to be defeated by us and be good at grasping the enemy's weaknesses, so as to defeat the enemy easily. Sun Wu believes that if you want to win in the battle, you must be good at dealing with the problems of attack and defense. Defend when the troops are insufficient, and attack when the troops are excessive. When defending, you should hide yourself very tightly, and when attacking, you should take it by surprise. Only in this way can we achieve the goal of "self-protection and victory".

The fifth "situation" discusses that leading troops to fight will create a rapid trend that can overwhelm the enemy, and we should make good use of this rapid trend.

What is the potential? Sun Tzu said that this trend is like a torrent that can make stones float, like a crossbow that is on the verge of exploding, like a boulder rolling down from a towering mountain, and it has irresistible power. If we use this power to attack the enemy, we can be invincible.

How to create this situation? First of all, we should create conditions for ourselves and give ourselves a powerful force to defeat the enemy. Second, we must "select and employ people and guide them according to the situation." Choose a general who is familiar with the military situation, knows people well and is good at commanding soldiers to fight flexibly and freely. He is good at confusing the enemy with illusions, mobilizing the enemy with small profits, luring the enemy into traps, and then attacking the enemy with ambushes.

Chapter VI, Virtual Reality, discusses that the principle of "avoiding the real and attacking the virtual" must be adopted in leading troops to fight.

How can we avoid reality and attack emptiness? First, put us in an active position, put the enemy in a passive position, and take the initiative in the war into our own hands. Those who are good at fighting can mobilize the enemy as much as possible without being mobilized by the enemy. Second, take it by surprise, attack it unprepared, and attack its emptiness. Third, concentrate our own strength and disperse the enemy's strength, resulting in tactical outnumbering.

Sun Wu pointed out that to apply the operational policy of avoiding reality and attacking the virtual, we should start with the analysis of the enemy's situation and change with the change of the situation, because the relationship between quantity, strength, attack and defense, advance and retreat in the war process is changing rapidly. "So soldiers unpredictable, unpredictable water. Being able to win because of the change of the enemy is called God. "

The seventh chapter, "Military Argument", discusses how to compete for the favorable conditions to win the battle, so that you can take the initiative in the battle. Sun Wu thinks: First of all, we should understand the political trends of vassal States, be familiar with the terrain, and make the situation clear with guides. Secondly, we should act in concert and keep pace with each other, so as to achieve "its disease is like the wind, its Xu Rulin is like fire, its potential is like a mountain, it is difficult to know its shadow, and its potential is like Lei Zhen", and "the brave cannot advance alone, and the fearful cannot retreat alone". Third, it is required to command correctly, be flexible and maneuver, and "avoid its spirit and beat it to the ground." Only by doing the above can we be in a favorable position in the war.

The eighth "nine changes" discussed that the general should deal with problems flexibly according to various specific situations to avoid failure due to mechanical rigidity, and put forward requirements for the general.

Sun Wu emphasized that a general must do the following when dealing with problems: First, give consideration to both advantages and disadvantages. Think about the unfavorable factors under favorable conditions, and think about the favorable factors under unfavorable conditions. Secondly, we should adopt different means of struggle according to different goals. Third, based on full preparation, make the enemy invincible and not take any chances. Fourth, we should overcome the extreme temperament and consider the problem comprehensively, cautiously and calmly. Only by doing the above can "the land be beneficial" and "people be useful". Sun Wu believes that the general can defeat the enemy only by dealing with the problem from reality, so he can't carry out the monarch's orders against reality. So he boldly put forward the military famous saying that "your life will not be affected".

The ninth article "March" discusses how to arrange troops in the March and judge the enemy's situation. This paper also discusses the different disposal methods of the army in four kinds of terrain: mountain, river, saline-alkali swamp and plain. It also discusses the disposal methods of special terrain encountered by the army, such as ravines, patios, celestial prisons, celestial caves and celestial gaps. Sun Wu also put forward the method of 365,438+0 to observe and judge the enemy's situation. Through these methods, we can analyze all kinds of phenomena we have seen, heard and detected, grasp the real enemy situation, and thus make correct operational plans and win. In this article, Sun Wu also put forward the principle of "command by words, command by strength", that is, with moral education and a unified pace of law and discipline, such an army will surely win the battle.

The tenth "Topography" discusses how to use the terrain in combat, focusing on the benefits of going deep behind enemy lines. Sun Wu analyzed the characteristics of nine battlefields and the psychological state of soldiers in these areas, and accordingly put forward different measures to use troops in these areas. He believes that going deep into the enemy country is equivalent to throwing soldiers into danger and death, and they will be forced to fight to the death and play a greater fighting capacity. And deep into the enemy, you can replenish rations on the spot, but you can't escape because you are too far from home. You obey orders and fight wholeheartedly and win the battle.

The twelfth chapter "Fire Attack" discusses the methods, conditions and principles of using fire attack in war.

Sun Wu believes that there are five kinds of fire attacks: fire people, fire products, fire chains, fire depots and fire teams, that is, burning enemy camps, accumulation, trenches, warehouses and transportation facilities. The key point is to destroy the enemy's manpower, material resources and transportation lines. These five methods of fire attack must be changed, and both our army and the enemy can master them, so we should pay attention to prevention.

The attack must be conditional. In addition to preparing fire-fighting equipment at ordinary times, you should choose the day when setting fire, and set fire on dry and windy days. Fire attack must also cooperate with the soldiers' attack, in order to play the role of fire attack and achieve the goal of winning.

Chapter 13 discusses the significance of using spies to spy on the enemy in combat, and discusses the types and methods of using spies. Sun Wu attaches great importance to the role of spies, which he thinks is a key to winning the battle. The army relied on information provided by spies to take action. Sun Wu classified spies into five categories: cause, internal factors, reaction, death and life. The so-called causality is to use ordinary people in enemy villages as spies. The so-called inner room is to use enemy officials as spies. The so-called confrontation is to use enemy spies to our advantage. The so-called dead room is to deliberately spread false information to the outside world, let our spies know and then pass it on to the enemy. The so-called living room is the place where spies can come back to report when they are sent behind enemy lines. Of these five kinds of spies, the first three used enemy personnel, and the last two were infiltrated by us. When using these five kinds of spies, the sources of information are very extensive. It is really mysterious to wage war and make the enemy at a loss, and how to deal with it. The information in the opposite room is the most important. Therefore, we should pay special attention to confrontation, and the treatment of confrontation should be particularly generous.

Sun Wu 13' s articles on the art of war have their own emphases, ups and downs, thorough analysis, accurate opinions and strong practicality. In order to enable the prince of Wu to appoint him, he said at the beginning of Sun Tzu's Art of War: "The prince of Wu will win if he listens to my plan, and I will stay here. If I don't listen to my plan, I will lose, and I will go to other countries again. " In order to make the prince of Wu feel cordial when reading Sun Tzu's The Art of War, he often made a pertinent explanation with war examples of the conflict in wuyue at that time. In The Art of War, Sun Tzu compared himself to Yi Yin, the founding minister of Shang Dynasty, and Jiang Taigong, the founding minister of Zhou Dynasty, hoping to help the king of Wu unify the dynasty.

Try soldiers and let them explore the west and south.

He Lv ascended the throne for three years, that is, in 5 12 BC, Wu was stable at home, with sufficient granaries and capable troops, and the preparations for invading Chu in the west were basically ready. Wu Zixu proposed to He Lv that such a long-distance expedition must be planned and commanded by a strategist who is well versed in strategy in order to win. He recommended Sun Wu, a recluse, to He Lv, the king of Wu, introduced his family background, personality and talents, and praised Sun Wu as a genius who could defend his country. But Sun Wu has been writing books in seclusion since he came to Wu. The king of Wu has never even heard the name Sun Wu, thinking that a farmer will not have great skills. Wu Zixu repeatedly recommended, seven times a morning, the prince promised to see Sun Wu.

Sun Wu took Sun Tzu's Art of War, which he had just written, to see the prince of Wu. The prince of Wu read the Art of War one by one, and he was amazed, but suddenly he had an idea. Is the Art of War really suitable for the practical use of war? If Sun Tzu wrote The Art of War, how can he prove that he is not an armchair strategist? The prince of Wu said to Sun Wu, "I have read thirteen articles of your Art of War, which are really refreshing and helpful, but I don't know how to implement them. Can you practice it on a small scale and let us see? " Sun Wu replied, "Yes". The king of Wu asked again, "What kind of person is Mr. Wang going to practice with?" Sun Wu replied, "You can use any kind of person as the king wishes. No matter how high or low, whether men or women, you can. " The prince of Wu wanted to give Sun Wu a difficult problem, so he asked the ladies-in-waiting to exercise.

So, the king of Wu ordered that 80 beautiful women from the palace/kloc-0 be summoned to the training ground behind the palace and handed over to Sun Wu for practice. Sun Wu divided 180 ladies-in-waiting into two teams, and appointed two Meggie, the king of Wu's favorite, as the left and right captains, so that they could lead the ladies-in-waiting to practice. At the same time, they appointed their drivers and guards as military officials, responsible for enforcing military laws.

When deciding on homework, Sun Wu stood on the podium and earnestly preached the essentials of practice. He asked, "Do you all know your front center, back center and right hand? Look forward, that is, look forward; Left, look at the left hand; To the right, look at the right hand; Look back, look back. All movements are based on drums. Do you all understand? " The ladies-in-waiting replied, "I understand." When the arrangement is ready, Sun Wu gives the order to drum. However, despite Sun Wu's repeated orders, the ladies-in-waiting also responded, but they felt novel and fun inside. They didn't listen to orders, laughing and laughing, and the formation was in chaos. Sun Wu summoned officials and beheaded two captains according to the art of war. When the prince of Wu saw that Sun Wu was going to kill his beloved Ji, he immediately said, I have learned that the general can fight. Without these two beautiful women to wait on me, I taste tasteless. Please forgive them. "Sun wu said mercilessly," since I was ordered to be a general, I was in the army, and your life will not be affected. "Sun wu was determined to kill two captains, appointed the team leader as the captain, and continued training. When Sun Wu beat the drum again, the ladies-in-waiting went back and forth, left and right, advanced and retreated, and climbed on their knees, all in line with the rules, and the formation was very neat. He Lu, the descendant of Sun Wu, was invited to inspect. He Lv was unhappy because he lost his love for Ji, so he made an excuse not to come. Sun Wu personally met with He Lv. He said, "Orders are forbidden,

Clear rewards and punishments are the common law of military strategists and the general principle of running the army. We must respect the foot soldiers. Only in this way can they obey orders and defeat the enemy in the battle. Hearing Sun Wu's explanation, He Lv, the prince of Wu, lost his temper and worshipped Sun Wu as a general.

Under the strict training of Sun Wu, Wu Jun's military quality has been obviously improved. 5 12 BC.

In, He rate, Wu Xu and Sun Wu commanded Wu Jun to conquer Zhong Wuguo (now northeast of Suqian, Jiangsu Province) and Shu Guo (now west of Lujiang County, Anhui Province). At this time, He Lv was hot-headed and bent on conquering Du Ying (now Jin 'an City, jiangling county City, Hubei Province). Sun Wu thought it was wrong to do so, so he suggested: "The Chu army is the strongest in the world, not comparable to Shu and Zhong. Our army destroyed two countries in a row, and our military resources were exhausted. It is better to retreat temporarily, recharge your batteries and wait for the opportunity. " The prince of Wu listened to Sun Wu's suggestion and ordered the division to be removed.

Wu Zixu also fully agreed with Sun Wu's proposition, and offered a plan to the prince of Wu, saying, "The troops are tired and not suitable for expedition. However, we can also try to make the Chu people tired. " So Wu Zixu said that Sun Wu * * * discussed a plan to harass the State of Chu, that is, to form three powerful teams to harass the State of Chu in turn. When the first army of the State of Wu attacked the territory of Chu, the State of Chu saw that the troops were not small, so it went all out and sent troops to meet it. When Chu Jun went out, Wu Jun retreated. When the Chu army returned to the station, the second army of Wu invaded the territory of Chu. Such repeated attacks made Chu deal with Wu Jun year after year, which consumed a lot of manpower and material resources. The country was empty, and the vassal States defected one after another. However, Wu plundered a lot from repeated attacks, and completely gained the upper hand in the confrontation with Chu.

In 506 BC, the State of Chu attacked Cai Guo, a small country that had joined the State of Wu, giving Wu Jun an excuse to attack the State of Chu. He Lv, Wu Zixu and Sun Wu led 30,000 chosen men, who went up the Huaihe River and headed for the place where Cai Chu fought. Seeing the ferocity of Wu Jun, we had to give up the siege of Cai, shrink our forces, assemble the main force, take the Hanshui River as the boundary, step up fortification and fight against Wu Jun's attack. Unexpectedly, Sun Wu suddenly changed the route of marching along the Huaihe River, abandoned warships, attacked by land, and went straight to the depth of Chu.

Wu Zixu asked Sun Wu, "Wu Jun is used to water and is good at water warfare. Why did he change to land? "

Sun Wu told him: "It is the most expensive and the fastest to use soldiers. You should take an unexpected road so as to be caught off guard. Sailing against the current is slow, and Chu Jun must seize the opportunity to strengthen its defense, so it is difficult for the enemy to break through, "Wu Zixu nodded and said.

In this way, among the 30,000 elite soldiers, Sun Wu selected 3,500 strong and agile men as the front line, wearing solid armor and holding sharp weapons, and defeated the Chu army again and again. Lunar calendar165438+1October 28th, King Zhao of Chu fled with his sister. Sun Wu attacked Chu 200,000 with 30,000 people, and won a great victory, creating a brilliant example of winning more with less.

However, at this moment, the State of Yue attacked Wu by Wu Jun's attack on Chu, and Qin sent troops to help Chu deal with Wu Jun. In this way, He Lu had to lead the troops back to Wu. Since then, the State of Wu has continued to attack the State of Chu, which moved its capital from Ying to Du (now southeast of Yicheng County, Hubei Province) to avoid national subjugation.

While planning to conquer Yue, Sun Wu helped He Lv break the West and strengthen Chu. In 496 BC, He Lv heard that Wang Yunchang was dead, and Gou Jian, the newly acceded king of Yue, was young and weak, and the country was unstable. He thought it was now or never.

If you can't lose, you won't listen to the advice of Sun Wu and others. Before everything is ready, you are in a hurry to send troops to defeat Yue. Unexpectedly, Gou Jian reorganized his team and took the initiative to attack. The two armies joined forces at Li (now southwest of Jiaxing County, Zhejiang Province) on the border of wuyue. Gou Jian used clever tricks. He first sent the condemned prisoners up, arranged them in three rows, put the sword around his neck, made statements and performances one by one, and then left himself in front of the battle line. The soldiers of the State of Wu did not know that they were criminals, but they forgot their thoughts and were blindsided. The Vietnamese army took the opportunity to charge, and Wu Jun retreated hastily, and He Lv was seriously injured.

After He Lu's death, Prince Fu Cha succeeded to the throne, and Sun Wu and Wu Zixu rearmed to help Fu Cha accomplish the great cause of revenge. In the spring of 494 BC, Gou Jian mobilized troops to March on Wu from the water, and Fu Cha led 65,438+10,000 soldiers to attack Yufujiao (now Taihu Lake in the southwest of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). Under the planning of Sun Wu and Wu Zixu, Wu Jun arranged many swindlers at night, divided them into two wings, and held high torches, only to see the flames connect into one piece in the dark night, moving quickly to the position of the Vietnamese army and killing them into the sky. The Vietnamese army was terrified. Under the pursuit of Wu Jun, Gou Jian came to a small town in Huiji Mountain (now southeast of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) with 5,000 chosen men, and was narrowly resisted. Because of Wu Jun's encirclement, Gou Jian had to make peace with Wu. Fu Cha refused to listen to Wu Zixu's dissuasion and agreed to Gou Jian's peace request.

After winning the hegemony of the south, Wu continued to March into the Central Plains in the north. In 485 BC, Fu Cha joined forces with Lu and defeated the Qi army. In 482 BC, Fu Cha led tens of thousands of elite soldiers to the north by water, arrived in Huangchi (now south of fengqiu county, Henan), and joined forces with Jin, Lu and other vassal states. Fu Cha, the king of Wu, won the hegemony with the powerful military force as the backing. Although Sun Wu didn't directly take part in the battle against Qi to win and fight for hegemony with Jin, before that, Sun Wu carefully trained the army and formulated military strategy, which made great contributions to Fu Cha's hegemony.

Silently living in seclusion, leaving my grandson affects 2500 years.

With the development of Wu hegemony, Fu Cha gradually became self-righteous and refused to accept advice. Wu Zixu believes that if Gou Jian is forced to make peace, he will definitely find a way to retaliate in the future. Therefore, the state of Yue must be completely destroyed, and adultery must never be condoned, leaving behind future troubles. But Fu Cha listened to the treacherous court official's provocation, not only ignored Wu Zixu's bitter remonstrance, but made excuses to force him to commit suicide, and even ordered Wu Zixu's body to be put into a leather bag and thrown into the river without being buried. Sun Wu knows that "birds are unique, and good bows are hidden; The truth that foxes and rabbits were exhausted and lackeys were cooked made the scene of Wu Zixu's tragic death very chilling, so he quietly retired and lived in seclusion in the mountains. According to his own experience in training soldiers and commanding operations, he revised Sun Tzu's Art of War 13 to make it more perfect.

As Wu Zixu expected, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, was humiliated and made peace, determined to take revenge. Ten years of cohabitation, ten years of lessons, rich Qiang Bing. In 482 BC, when Wu Jun's main forces gathered in Huangchi and the Central Plains governors' alliance, and Wu's domestic forces were empty, the Vietnamese army sent troops to attack Wu and invaded its capital. Wu was moved by this and was devastated, from prosperity to decline, extending to 473 BC. Officially destroyed by the state of Yue, Fu Cha died of remorse. Sun Wu's dream of reunifying China was dashed.

Sun Wu's life, in addition to his brilliant military achievements, more importantly, he left many precious military and political chapters to future generations, among which Sun Tzu's The Art of War is the most famous. This short 13 5000-word article embodies Sun Wu's complete military thought.

Sun Wu's military thought has simple materialism and dialectical views. He emphasized that the victory or defeat of the war does not depend on ghosts and gods, but on political clarity, economic development, diplomatic efforts, military strength and natural conditions. Predicting the victory or defeat of the war mainly depends on analyzing these conditions, which embodies his simple materialistic view. Sun Wu not only thinks that the world exists objectively, but also thinks that everything in the world is constantly moving and changing. He stressed that in the war, we should actively create conditions, give play to people's subjective initiative, and promote the transformation of opposition to our own advantage, which shows that Sun Wu has mastered vivid dialectics. It is precisely because Sun Wu summed up and generalized an unusually rich and multifaceted philosophy in the specific scientific of military science.

Learning really established his position alongside Confucius and Laozi in the ideological circle at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period.