Haze Haze Harm and Control Measures

Haze hazards and control measures, many people don't pay attention to smog, just don't know much about the hazards of smog, and smog is no stranger to many people. It not only brings inconvenience to people going out, but also harms people's health. Hazards of subsequent smog and its control measures.

Haze hazards and control measures 1 1. Haze

1, the impact on the respiratory system. The composition of smog is very complex, including hundreds of atmospheric chemical particles. Among them, aerosol particles smaller than 10 micron are harmful to health, such as mineral particles, sea salt, sulfate, nitrate, organic aerosol particles, fuel, automobile exhaust, etc., which can directly enter and adhere to human respiratory tract and alveoli. In particular, submicron particles will be deposited in the upper and lower respiratory tract and alveoli respectively, causing acute rhinitis and acute bronchitis. For patients with chronic respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, obstructive emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smog weather will make the condition acute or acute. Staying in this environment for a long time will also induce lung cancer.

2. Influence on cardiovascular system. There are many pollutants in the air in foggy days, and the air pressure is low, which is easy to induce acute attacks of cardiovascular diseases. For example, when the fog is heavy, the water vapor content is high. If people exercise outdoors, the sweat of human body is not easy to be discharged, which causes people to feel chest tightness and blood pressure to rise.

3. Hazy weather will also lead to the weakening of ultraviolet rays in the surface layer, which can enhance the activity of infectious bacteria in the air and increase infectious diseases.

4. In foggy days, due to the reduction of sunshine, children's ultraviolet radiation is insufficient, vitamin D production in the body is insufficient, and the absorption of calcium is greatly reduced, which will seriously cause rickets in infants and children and slow down their growth and development.

5. Affect mental health. The gloomy and foggy weather is prone to mental laziness, depression and pessimism due to the weak light and low air pressure, and even it is easy to get out of control at the slightest sign of trouble.

6, affecting traffic safety. In foggy weather, the visibility of the visual field is low and the air quality is poor, which is easy to cause traffic jams and traffic accidents.

Second, smog control measures

1, economic policy

Optimize the economic structure and strengthen the coordinated development of regional economy. Improve and gradually give up the production methods with high energy consumption, high investment and even high pollution, find clean energy and low pollution production methods to develop strategic emerging industries, optimize the industrial structure, and greatly reduce the demand for industries and products with high energy consumption and high pollution emissions.

2. Transportation

(1) Improve the road network structure and pavement design, appropriately increase the highway density and improve traffic congestion. We can learn from the method that the pavement is lower than both sides of the road to reduce the diffusion of pollutants around the road and facilitate centralized treatment. Therefore, strengthening road infrastructure construction, improving traffic efficiency and reducing pollution are important measures to realize social and economic sustainable development and alleviate smog.

(2) Strengthen the prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution and control the number of cars. According to the urban development plan, the number of motor vehicles should be reasonably controlled and strictly limited. Reduce the intensity of motor vehicle use by encouraging green travel and increasing the cost of use; Implement the bus priority strategy, increase the proportion of public transportation trips, and strengthen the construction of pedestrian and bicycle transportation systems.

(3) Strengthen system management. Speed up the synchronization of vehicle fuel quality with the implementation progress of vehicle emission standards, and improve the cleanliness level of vehicles and fuel; Strengthen the construction of motor vehicle environmental supervision capacity, strengthen the supervision of environmental inspection institutions in use, and comprehensively improve the control level of motor vehicle emission standards.

3. Improve the energy structure

First, save energy resources, improve energy efficiency and take the road of intensive economic development; The second is to increase investment in energy exploration and establish necessary strategic reserves. Actively develop advanced nuclear energy and clean energy to ease the contradiction between energy supply and demand. Reduce environmental pollution; Third, the price mechanism is the core of the market mechanism. We should be good at coordinating the interests of different groups, fully consider the affordability of the market and consumers, and further deepen the reform of coal prices.

Haze hazards and control measures II. Prevent smoke hazards;

1, go out less

Reducing going out is the most effective way to protect yourself. According to the publication of American Epidemiology 20 12, a top international epidemiological magazine, Huang Wei and others, a researcher at the Frontier Interdisciplinary Research Center of Environment and Health in Peking University, conducted an epidemiological study on He 'an 5. After excluding the influencing factors such as age, sex, time effect and meteorological factors, when the concentration of PM2 and 5 increases 103 μ g/m3, the risk of excess death from all causes will increase by 2. The risk of excess death caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is higher, which is 3.08%. If you must go out, don't ride a bike, avoid the rush hour of traffic jam and the sections where you drive a lot, and avoid inhaling more chemicals. It's best not to drive a private car, but to take public transport to contribute to reducing PM2 and PM5.

Step 2 wear a mask when you go out

3. Do a good job in personal hygiene

Wash your face, rinse your mouth and clean your nasal cavity in time after going out, and remove the pollution residue attached to your body to prevent the harm of PM2 and 5 to human body. It is best to use warm water when washing your face, which is beneficial to wash off the particles on your face. When cleaning the nasal cavity, you can repeatedly clean it with a clean cotton swab dipped in water, or repeatedly absorb water with your nose to blow your nose quickly and avoid choking. In addition to face cleaning, bare parts of the body should also be cleaned.

4. Open the window less in foggy days

Experts say that in foggy weather, try not to open the window. If you really need to open the window for ventilation, you should try to avoid the morning and evening smog peak hours, and open the window for ventilation for half an hour to one hour at a time. At the same time, residents who use air conditioning for heating should pay attention to opening windows to ensure adequate indoor oxygen. You can plant a variety of green plants on your balcony, terrace and indoors, such as green crown-leaf plants such as green radish, evergreen and tiger orchid, because of their large leaves and strong adsorption capacity. You can also use an air purifier. 80% of air purifiers in the market mainly purify fine particles in the air, which has a good adsorption effect on PM2 and 5, but you should pay attention to changing the filter element frequently when using it.

5. Eat lightly and drink plenty of water

The diet in foggy days should choose light and digestible foods rich in vitamins, drink plenty of water and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, which can not only supplement various vitamins and inorganic salts, but also play a role in moistening the lungs, resolving phlegm, relieving cough, strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney. Eat less irritating food and eat more pears, loquats, oranges, oranges and other foods.

6, the right amount of vitamin D.

This season is foggy and sunny. Due to insufficient ultraviolet radiation and insufficient vitamin D in the human body, some people will experience mental laziness and depression. Vitamin d can be supplemented if necessary.

7. smoke less

Cigars, cigars and pipes will produce a large number of fine particles such as PM2 and PM5 under the condition of incomplete combustion. Tobacco smoke contains more than 7000 compounds, including 69 carcinogens and 172 harmful substances, which will seriously harm the health of smokers themselves and those who inhale "second-hand smoke", especially in this smog weather. Therefore, smokers should try to smoke as little as possible whether they go out or stay indoors in recent days.

The appearance of haze weather does some harm to our health and environment, but the air quality depends on all of us. For the sake of our health, from now on, when the smog weather comes, everyone should take measures such as wearing masks and reducing windows. Usually, we should drive as little as possible, plant more trees and participate in green activities to maintain and improve our living environment.

Haze hazards and control measures 3 What are the hazards of smog to human body?

In people's daily life and travel, some suspended substances will have an impact on human respiratory tract, which may cause acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute tracheobronchitis and pneumonia, asthma attack, induce or aggravate chronic bronchitis and so on. In particular, children's respiratory tract, trachea and bronchial mucosa are tender, the number of alveoli is small, the development of elastic fibers is poor, and the interstitial development is vigorous, which makes them more susceptible to respiratory viruses.

If you stay in such foggy days for a long time, it will cause tracheitis, laryngitis, pneumonia, wheezing, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, allergic diseases and so on, which will have a certain impact on the growth, development and physique of children and adolescents. In addition, diabetic patients with poor air quality and poor resistance in foggy days are very likely to have lung and trachea infections, which will aggravate their condition.

1, harm to respiratory system

The composition of smog is very complex and small, which is invisible to the naked eye, but it is very lethal, mainly mineral particles, sea salt, sulfate, nitrate, organic aerosol particles, fuel and automobile exhaust. It will directly enter and adhere to the human respiratory tract and alveoli. Once it enters the human body, it will attack the human body, especially parents with chronic respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, obstructive emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which can cause acute attack or acute exacerbation. Long-term exposure to this environment will also induce lung cancer.

2. Harm to cardiovascular system

Hazy days also have a serious impact on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which will hinder normal blood circulation, lead to cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral hemorrhage, and may also induce angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and heart failure. In addition, the low air pressure in dense fog will also affect people's mood and make people feel irritable. With the fluctuation of mood, blood pressure will also rise, which may lead to stroke and myocardial infarction. Therefore, patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases must take medicine on time and be careful to deal with this "environmental enemy".

3. Weakening ultraviolet rays leads to calcium deficiency.

Hazy weather will lead to layers of suspended matter in the air, which will weaken the intensity of ultraviolet rays reaching the ground. Some people are thinking, isn't this better? You can stop tanning. On the other hand, the weakening of ultraviolet rays, insufficient ultraviolet irradiation and insufficient vitamin D production in the body greatly reduce the absorption of calcium, which has the greatest impact on children. If it is serious, it may cause rickets in infants and slow down the growth and development of children. Do you still think this is a good thing?

4, causing bacterial diseases

Because of the smog, the sun can't shine on the earth, or the sunlight is very weak. We all know that the sun has a certain bactericidal effect. Once Grandpa Sun is away from our grandmother, bacteria, viruses and microorganisms on the surface of the earth will multiply rapidly, and their wanton behavior will cause some allergic diseases to the human body.

5, affect mental health

Ask yourself, will your mood follow the weather? I believe many people are no exception, because many things complement each other. If it is sunny that day, people's mood will suddenly get better. This is not speculation, but people's real thoughts and elegance! Experts point out that continuous foggy days have an impact on people's psychology and body. Psychologically speaking, foggy days will give people a feeling of depression, stimulate or aggravate the state of psychological depression, and lack vitality in doing things.

6. The risk of cancer will increase.

As we all know, the probability of smokers suffering from lung cancer is 60% higher than that of ordinary people, which is a very shocking figure; But today's smog is even more terrible. Expert data show that smog contains more harmful particles, and smog is more likely to cause cancer than smoking. You can imagine what kind of concept this is!

7, affecting traffic safety

It is believed that when haze weather occurs, the visual visibility is very low, which will lead to many traffic accidents. At the same time, it is easy to cause traffic jams.