Natural disaster geography knowledge point self-help and mutual rescue

It is easy to learn knowledge, but difficult to turn it into ability; It is easy to ask questions, but difficult to get satisfactory answers; It is easier to comment on others than to do it on the spot; It is easy to blame colleagues, but difficult to evaluate yourself correctly. Let's share some knowledge points about self-help and mutual rescue of natural disasters, hoping to help you.

Self-help and mutual aid in natural disasters

First, self-help and mutual rescue in the earthquake (emphasizing self-help)

1. Before the earthquake-earthquake prevention-usually in the family.

Family earthquake-proof and shock-proof scheme: (1) Define evacuation routes and shelters; (2) Reinforce and reasonably arrange furniture; (3) Make clear the outdoor environmental conditions and avoid fleeing to the area where there is danger of collapse; (4) Preparing articles for refuge and rescue; 5] Prepare some simple rescue tools; [6] Learn basic medical rescue skills, especially wound dressing, and remember to protect your head when you escape or hide; First-aid cards are provided at one time to facilitate blood transfusion and rehabilitation; Timely family emergency drills. Japanese refuge bags include: dry bread, water, medical supplies, military gloves, whistles, shaving blades, maps, compasses, first-aid cards, etc.

2. The epicenter-shock absorption

(1) Self-help fund 12 seconds Excluding the reaction time, there are only about 7-9 seconds left. The bungalow or the first floor implies "running" and the building implies "hiding".

(2) Main points of indoor shock absorption: A jumping off a building is not the best policy, or you will die if you are injured; B indoor "pending" (Ming-Jiajing 1556 Huaxian earthquake Qin Keda's "Earthquake Record" "You can't get sick, you can be pending, even if you have a nest, you can finish laying eggs"); C choose a triangular space, open a small place, the kitchen has a gas pipeline, it is recommended to hide in the bathroom, but be careful not to be close to the glass; Protect your head, eyes, nose and mouth; E stay away from all external walls and stairwells, especially elevators.

(3) Outdoor shock absorption-try to go to an open place and quickly stay away from tall buildings, wall yards and bridges. Lower your center of gravity and protect your head.

3. Self-rescue and mutual rescue after the earthquake

(1) Learn the basic methods of dealing with trauma, protect the respiratory system and minimize physical exertion; Have tenacious perseverance and a strong sense of survival.

(2) Mutual gold rescue for 24 hours (1) is near first and then far; (2) Easy before difficult, light before heavy; ⑶ Save the "living" first, then save the "human", expose the head of the buried person first, and quickly remove the dust from the nose and mouth; (4) Pay attention to all sounds and movements during search and rescue, and master any signs of life; 5] Don't blindly dig the ruins, understand engineering mechanics, master natural skills, do rescue drills in advance, and train professional emergency rescue teams.

Second, self-help and mutual rescue in the flood (emphasizing mutual rescue)

1. Pay attention to the weather forecast in flood season and prepare for flood control; Learn and master swimming, rowing and other skills; Prepare escape supplies.

2. Flood emergency

Measures: ① Try to escape to high places and climb the roofs, trees, hills and high slopes of solid buildings; If you can't escape, you should use wooden furniture at home or try to catch floating objects such as boards and trunks, and try not to let your body sink and wait for rescue; (3) Be alert to and prevent from being bitten by poisonous snakes, poisonous insects and collapsed telephone poles and wires; (4) protect the property (it is best to close the door when leaving the residence).

Third, self-help and prevention of other natural disasters.

1. Key points of self-rescue in wind disaster: ① Leave some gaps in the window to balance the pressure inside and outside the building; (2) hiding in low-lying places or air-raid shelters (American tornadoes, many families have basements); (3) The ship should dock as soon as possible, and don't go near the window.

2. Landslides and debris flows ① Landslides and debris flows mostly occur after continuous rainstorms. Villages in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas should pay special attention to the occurrence of landslides after heavy rain. (2) When encountering a mudslide in the field, run in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the mudslide to avoid running down the mountain in the direction of rolling stones; ③ Pay special attention to protecting the head. (4) The area of debris flow is generally not very wide. According to the terrain of the site, it can escape to the high place where debris flow has not occurred. ⑤ Camp in the mountainous area, not in the flood discharge channel at the bottom of the valley or at the bend or confluence of the river.

3. Fog and sandstorm are disastrous weather with low atmospheric visibility. Drive less or slow down; In case of sandstorm, take windproof articles, such as goggles and masks (N95 type), when going out to protect eyes, nose and mouth.

Distribution, Causes and Prevention of Natural Disasters

Get to the point.

Natural disasters in the new curriculum standard college entrance examination questions, most provinces in the form of elective non-multiple choice questions, generally set one or two questions. The types of questions are mostly based on the judgment, distribution, causes, harm and defense of natural disasters.

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