All 53 crew members on the Indonesian submarine were killed. What are the difficulties in submarine self-rescue and rescue?

People who fall into the water may fall into the water whether they wear life jackets or not. Although the life jacket may be damaged during capsizing, on the other hand, the vortex flow in waves in rainstorm weather can not be ignored. When the seawater is drowned, because the salt content of seawater is 3.5% and the osmotic pressure is high, the liquid in the blood seeps into the alveoli, so that the alveoli are filled with bloody and viscous protein-containing liquid, which makes breathing extremely difficult. Salt can quickly enter the blood in seawater, which can increase the blood sodium content by 2/3, blood calcium content by 1 times and blood magnesium content by several times in about 3 minutes, causing serious electrolyte disorder.

For people who can't swim, what is the first thing after falling into the water? Hold your breath? First of all, remember the following self-help measures: don't be nervous after landing, be clear-headed, and never struggle hard in the air with your hands, which will make it easier to sink. The correct posture is: relax your body, take a posture with your head back and your mouth up, and you can breathe only after your mouth and nose are out of the water; In this process, take a shallow breath, take a deep breath, try to make your body surface and wait for others to save you.

In addition, if swimmers fall into the sea in stormy weather, it is not recommended to swim back for help directly when they are far away from the cruise ship or the ship is unstable. You should save your strength as much as possible, keep your breathing steady and wait for help from others while ensuring your own safety. People who can swim may want to save people immediately when they see their friends falling into the water. However, a tired drowning man can easily drag the lifeguard with him. If you are not a professional swimmer, it is suggested to find a lifebuoy, a plate or a boat at the scene for rescue, or throw a rope or a bamboo pole, so that the drowning person can catch the life-saving sola ashore and avoid taking it to a dangerous place alone.

You may have seen other rescue methods on TV, but the most reliable one is the cardiopulmonary resuscitation guide issued by the European Recovery Association: the drowning person should first give five artificial breaths, and then give chest compressions and artificial breaths in the order of 30:2. If a friend around us is drowning, we should do this: understand the patient's consciousness, if unconscious, ask for help immediately; Lie on your back on the head of the drowning person, remove foreign bodies from your mouth and nose, and observe your breathing and pulse; If there is no breathing and pulse, give artificial ventilation as soon as possible. This group of people hold the nostril of the drowning person with one hand, open their mouth with the other hand, take a deep breath, hold their breath and blow into the patient's mouth quickly. Add another 30 compressions and 2 artificial ventilation in the chest cavity, and repeat them until the patient's heartbeat and breathing recover.