What is the distribution law of climate characteristics in tropical rainforests?

The climate of tropical rain forest is characterized by high temperature and rain all year round, and there is no obvious seasonal difference. The annual variation of solar radiation is small, because the sun passes through the zenith twice before and after the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox in a year, the annual variation of meteorological elements has double peaks.

What are the characteristics of tropical rain forest climate? It is hot and rainy all year round. The annual variation of solar radiation is small, because the sun passes through the zenith twice before and after the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox in a year, the annual variation of meteorological elements has double peaks. The average monthly temperature varies between 24-28℃ in a year, and the annual temperature difference generally does not exceed 5℃, especially in the ocean, which usually does not exceed 65438 0℃. The daily variation of temperature is greater than the annual variation, and the daily amplitude can reach 10- 15℃. However, the daily maximum temperature rarely exceeds 35℃, and the daily minimum temperature rarely falls below 20℃.

The humidity is high all year round. As far as the lower reaches of the Amazon River are concerned, the annual average relative humidity exceeds 90%. There is abundant precipitation, mostly accompanied by thunderstorms. The annual precipitation reaches 1500-3000mm, and the maximum is over 6000mm in mountainous areas. For example, the annual precipitation in Debenga at the foot of Cameroon volcano in Africa reaches 9470 mm. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is relatively uniform, but there are still obvious differences in individual areas.

For example, the Congo River basin in Africa is more continental than the tropical rain forests in Asia and South America, and there is less rainfall in some places, such as Libreville, Gabon, where the monthly rainfall is 200-300 mm in June-May, but only 5 mm in June-July. In addition, there will also be dry and rainless areas in the ocean, such as Modeng Island in the Pacific Ocean (latitude 4 south and longitude 155 west), with an annual precipitation of only 730 mm. In the alpine region with tropical rain forest climate, the temperature is low, but its annual change is still very small. These areas, from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, can have tropical rain forests or a year-round snow-covered climate, showing a variety of natural landscapes similar to those from the equator to the polar regions, with the most colorful vertical distribution. There are two seasons: drought and rain.

The weather is very monotonous. Controlled by the equatorial ocean air mass all the year round, the wind is weak and the seasonal phase remains unchanged. It's basically sultry and sunny every morning, and then the cumulus clouds accumulate thicker and thicker. It rained cats and dogs in the afternoon, and it was a little cold after the rain, and it was the same the next day.

Distribution characteristics of four tropical climates (1) Tropical rain forest climate: it is distributed near the equator, with high temperature and rainy all year round, evergreen dense forests, vines winding, dark and humid forests, and leaves are often dripping with rain, orangutans, hippos and elephants. Mainly concentrated in Congo Basin, Malay Archipelago and Amazon Plain.

(2) Tropical grassland climate: distributed on both sides of the tropical rain forest. A year is divided into rainy season and dry season. The dry season is hot and dry, with little precipitation, sparse trees and withered leaves; The rainy season is hot and rainy, with abundant grass and trees. Giraffe zebra. Africa is the most widely distributed, followed by South America and Australia.

(3) Tropical desert climate: It is distributed in the central part of the western part of the mainland on both sides of the Tropic of Cancer, with little precipitation, high temperature and little rain all year round. The dry climate is mostly sand dunes and gravel, with few drought-tolerant plants and dromedary camels. Mainly distributed in northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula and Australia.

(4) Tropical monsoon climate: It is only distributed in South Asia and Indochina Peninsula in Asia, with high temperature all year round, rainy season and dry season in a year. In the rainy season, the ocean wind blows (southerly wind) and the rainfall is concentrated; In dry season, the land wind blows (northerly wind), and there is little rain. When the monsoon is abnormal in rainy season, floods and droughts often occur.