How to divide Futian?

Everyone knows that the three to nine days are the coldest period for people. Thirty-nine days are easier to calculate. On the day of the Winter Solstice every year, the "counting of nine" begins. After that, as long as you are familiar with the traditional Chinese solar terms, you will know the timetable for cold and heat. This is: "1929, I put my hand in my arms; 3949, the pigs and dogs froze to death; 5969, I watched the willows along the river; 7963, the pedestrians took off their clothes; 9981, The old man who plows the fields is neutral.” This means that since the earth has accumulated hot and cold energy from the previous time, there will be 40 days of the coldest weather after the winter solstice; 18 days after the winter solstice, stiff hands and feet; 18 to 36 days after the winter solstice These 18 days are the coldest period of the year, and pigs and dogs can freeze to death; but once we enter these 18 days from 36 to 54 days after the winter solstice, the willow trees along the river will sprout new shoots, and the climate will become warmer and 54 to 70 days after the winter solstice, people will take off their winter clothes; 70 days after the winter solstice, they will prepare for spring plowing, and the weather will be completely warm.

How to calculate the dog days of summer? The calculation of the Dog Days is a little more complicated, but it is still easy to calculate as long as you master the rules of the traditional Chinese calendar.

Because in the traditional Chinese calendar, 365 days in a year are arranged according to the heavenly stems "A, B, B, Ding, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren, Gui" and the earthly branches "Zi, The combination of "Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Ji, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai" is determined. Therefore, the combination of heavenly stems and earthly branches is a cycle every sixty days. In this way, in the traditional Chinese calendar, there are celestial stems and earthly branches every day, such as Jiazi, Dingji... days, etc.

There are ten days in three days and one day in ten days. This is calculated according to the number of ten days in the sky. Therefore, the division of the dog days is as follows: the Geng day of the third celestial stem after the summer solstice is the beginning of the first dog day. For example, the summer solstice in 2006 was June 21 of the Western calendar year. The Heavenly Stem Day on this day was Xin Day. 28 days later, it was the third Geng Day. Therefore, July 20, 2006, was the third ring? On August 29th, it entered the second period; ten days later, it was another Geng day, that is, August 9th, and it entered the third period. Dog days. This means that every year after entering the Dog Days, it is very hot, especially the ten days of the Third Day, which are the hottest.

Based on the earth’s heat accumulation, Chinese people have come up with the saying “Twenty-Four Autumn Tigers”, which means that the twenty-four days after the Beginning of Autumn every year are also very hot. However, Chinese folk also summed up the proverb that "the morning and evening of the Beginning of Autumn are cool; mosquitoes die from the Beginning of Autumn". This means that although the weather is still very hot after the Beginning of Autumn, it becomes cooler in the morning and at night, and there are fewer and fewer annoying mosquitoes from the Beginning of Autumn.

What needs to be explained here is that because the heavenly stems and the earth govern the sixty-year cycle of the combined days, sometimes the Geng day may not appear immediately after the end of the first lunar month. Therefore, some Sometimes, the period of incubation may last more than ten days.

"Summer" is the hottest day of the year. "Fu" means that Yin Qi is forced by Yang Qi to hide underground. "Sanfu" is the collective name for the first, middle and last days, which appear every year from mid-July to mid-August in the solar calendar. According to the climate rules of my country's lunar calendar (lunar calendar), predecessors have long stipulated: "The third Geng day after the summer solstice is the first volt (first volt), the fourth Geng day is the middle volt (second volt), and the first Geng day after the beginning of autumn is the first volt. The day is the last day (three days), and each day lasts for ten days and lasts for thirty days. "In some years, the "mid-fu" lasts for twenty days, and the last day lasts forty days.

According to the "Tongshu", "Yin Yang Almanac" and "Wannian Calendar", it can be seen that this year is 2005 AD in the solar calendar, the year of Yiyou (rooster) in the lunar calendar. "Three Volts" are: July 15th, the tenth day of the lunar calendar is the first fu (also called the first fu); July 25th, the twentieth day of the lunar calendar is the middle fu (the second fu); August 14th, the seventh day of the lunar calendar The Gengwu day on the tenth day of the first lunar month is the last day (three days).

In ordinary years, there are ten days in each volt, and three volts last for thirty days. But this year's "year" is the "Zhongfu" (two volts) twenty days. Therefore, the "three volts" period lasts forty days. That is, from the tenth day of the lunar calendar to the last day of the last day (the seventh day of the lunar calendar) According to the "Stem and Branch Day Calendar Method", the third Geng day after the summer solstice (referring to the day with the word "G" in the stem and branch calendar) is Chufu, the fourth Geng day is Zhongfu, and the first Geng day after the beginning of autumn. It is the last day of the year, and together it is called the three days of the three days. According to the traditional Chinese calendar, today is the hottest day in summer. The three days of the three days refer to the first, middle and last days. Continuous period. The third Geng day after the summer solstice is the beginning of the Chufu (today is the beginning of the Chufu this year), the fourth Geng day is the beginning of the Middle Fu, and the first Geng day after the Beginning of Autumn is the beginning of the Last Fu. , there are 10 days in each volt, but in some years, there are 20 days in the middle volts, such as this year. Generally speaking, the average temperature of the "mid-volt" days is the highest. Of course, this calculation method of the ancients is not very scientific. , is not necessarily closely integrated with the actual meteorological conditions of that year, and the extreme highest temperatures throughout the year do not necessarily appear in the "mid-volts" or even the "three-volts".

But in any case, the "dog days" are indeed the period of intense heat in midsummer, so everyone should pay attention to heatstroke prevention and cooling

"Third Nine" refers to the third "nine days" after the winter solstice, that is, the tenth day after the winter solstice. Nine days to the twenty-seventh day. Our country's lunar calendar has the term "nine-nine", which is used to calculate seasons. The calculation method is to start from the winter solstice in winter (the beginning of the winter solstice is called "Jiaojiu", which means the beginning of cold). Every nine days is a "jiu", the first nine days is called "yijiu", and the second nine days is called "yijiu". It is called "Two Nine", and so on, until "Nine Nine", that is, until the ninth nine days, until nine nine and eighty-one days have been counted. At this time, winter is over and spring has arrived.

Generally, the coldest time is during the "Thirty-Nine" period. The "third ninth day after the winter solstice" mentioned by my friend upstairs refers to the "three-nine-nine", which is also the day when the "three-nine" and "four-nine" intersect, not the "three-nine".

It is a custom in old Beijing to draw a "Nine-Nine Picture to Eliminate the Cold" on the winter solstice. This custom has been recorded in the works of the Ming Dynasty. This picture is a picture of plum blossoms, with a branch of plum blossoms drawn. There are 81 flower patterns on it (representing ninety-nine and eighty-one days). Every day I dye a pattern with a pen. After these 81 days, all 81 flower arrangements have been dyed. Spring has arrived, so it is called "Nine-Nine Cold Relief Picture". Moreover, in Beijing during the Ming Dynasty, there were also engraved "Nine-Nine Cold-repelling Pictures" for sale in the market, which was even more trouble-free, and there was also "Nine-Nine Songs" next to this picture.

This "Nine-Nine Songs" is based on people's feeling of cold and phenological phenomena (that is, changes in animals and plants caused by changes in weather and temperature, such as willow trees sprouting, peach trees blooming, and wild geese flying in). etc., are all related to the temperature at that time, and these are not necessarily related to the month and day) to reflect the coldness and warmth of the weather. The "Nine-Nine Song" popular in Beijing when the author was a child goes like this: "In 1929, don't take action; in 3949, walk on the ice; in 5969, look at the willows along the river; in 79th, the river opens, in 89th The geese come; nine-nine plus one-nine, the cattle are everywhere." It has a popular rhyme, which is catchy to read and easy to remember.

This is the saying of "nine-nine". It existed as early as the Northern and Southern Dynasties. At that time, the people counted from the winter solstice to ninety-nine and eighty-one days, and the cold days were over. And this (Jiujiu Song) probably originated in the Song Dynasty. It was already very popular in the Ming Dynasty. When "Nine Nine Songs" became popular among the people, there were different versions with different contents and details. It is very interesting to look at the different versions of "Nine Nine Songs" in the Ming Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty's "Wuzazu" recorded a saying in "Nine-Nine Songs" at that time: "One thousand nine hundred and twenty-nine, no action will be taken when we meet; three-nine twenty-seven. The fence blows (referring to the strong wind) The fence makes a loud noise. This zhen is the name of the musical instrument of the ancient northern minority. Forty-five, the sun opens the door; sixty-nine, fifty-four, the poor boy strives for spirit; seventy-nine, sixty-three, Buna carries the burden (it means taking off clothes when the weather is hot); eighty-nine, seventy-two, the cat The dog searches for the dark ground; the plows and rakes come out together at ninety-nine and eighty-one. According to the book, it was popular in Beigu Gongni District at that time (Ming Dynasty), but "Nine-Nine Songs" was far less popular. It’s so complicated, but it’s very simple and clear: “In 1929, we met without making a move; in 3949, we drank around the fire; in 5969, we visited relatives and friends; in 7989, we watched the willows along the river. "It's easy to remember.

The "Nine-Nine Songs" recorded in "The Scenery of the Imperial Capital" in the Ming Dynasty, which specifically records the scenery of Beijing, are different from the above: "In 1929, I couldn't call you. ; Three-nine-twenty-seven, the fence is blown; Four-nine-thirty-six, sleeping at night is like sleeping in the open; Five-nine-forty-five, every house piles up salt tigers (salt tiger originally refers to a kind of tiger-shaped salt in ancient times. This is a metaphor for people The snowman he built); Sixty-nine fifty-four, the heater comes out of the mouth; Seventy-nine sixty-three, the pedestrian puts on the clothes; Eighty-nine seventy-two, the cat and dog seek the shade; Nine-nine and eighty-one, the poor man has finished suffering, Just have to stretch your legs to sleep, mosquitoes and fleas will come out. "These last few sentences give great sympathy to the poor people who suffer from the cold in winter. These two complex versions of "Nine-Nine Songs" have similarities and differences with each other. The most noteworthy one is "Five Nine Forty-Five", the former statement It means "opening the door for the sun"; the latter is "every family piles up salt tigers". This may reflect the great difference in snowfall during the period when the two "Jiujiu Songs" were produced.

The above-mentioned simple version of "Nine-Nine Songs" popular in Beijing during the Ming Dynasty says: "In seven-nine and eight-nine, look at the willows along the river. "The song "Nine-Nine Songs" written in the last century all became "Nine-Nine and Six-Nine, watching the willows along the river." "This change cannot be ignored. It reflects that the weather in Beijing during the Ming Dynasty was colder than that in Beijing in the last century, so that according to the phenological phenomenon, it took a while for willow trees to sprout and grow leaves.

Winter "Nine-Nine Songs" is very popular, because the cold weather makes people feel very uncomfortable. In fact, there are also "Nine-Nine Songs" in summer, but summer is not like winter. There is no need to draw a "Nine-Nine Cooling Picture" in summer. Nine corresponds to winter. Counting from the summer solstice, there are ninety-nine and eighty-one days. According to the Ming Dynasty's "Wuzazu", it is recorded as follows: "One thousand nine hundred and twenty-nine, the fan never leaves the hand; three-nine twenty-seven, the ice water is as sweet as Honey (in ancient times, there were ice cellars, which stored ice in winter and took it out for use in summer); Four Nine Thirty Six. Sweating like taking a bath; 5945, it is difficult to wear autumn leaves to dance; 6954, enjoying the shade in a Buddhist temple; 7963, looking for sheets by the bedside; 8972, thinking about covering up with quilt; 9 Nine and eighty-one, the sound of promoting weaving in front of the steps (promoting weaving refers to crickets). "This summer's "Nine Nine Songs" is very lively and interesting, and it is mainly based on people's subjective feelings.

The above-mentioned Winter and Summer (Jiujiu Song) reflects people’s understanding and concern about climate change in the old Beijing area.