The advantages of "speaking like a book"

Chewing words focuses on newspapers, periodicals, books, radio, film and television, Internet, commodity packaging, city posters and so on. They exist as the media of information dissemination, and the tools they rely on are language and writing. Obviously, the author's job is academic criticism, and the articles here often make academic judgments on the correctness of the text of the objects involved according to relevant knowledge and theories. Under the framework of communication, this is actually a special form of media criticism. They are special because they all focus on the carrier or tool of information dissemination-language. The characteristics and significance of this special media criticism can be understood from the following aspects.

First of all, reality

Academic activities in various fields may be criticized by the outside world as a whole. There must be one thing ahead: it is not closely integrated with reality. Of course, for a single academic activity, such criticism is not impeccable. Because it is also very valuable to carry out basic inheritance and theoretical construction in academics. But as far as a certain field is concerned, if the vast majority of people unanimously ignore the reality of the subject, there is a problem. Before Chewing Words appeared, there were more than 100 Chinese publications, each with its own characteristics and strengths. But in terms of attention to reality, it is obviously not as good as "speaking like a book."

The object of criticism of Chewing Words is very selective. First of all, it is widely circulated in the public domain, and it is a language that flows in reality. We might as well divide languages into two kinds: one is spread in the real society and has obvious practical influence; The other one only exists in ancient books and documents, or is only used in specific areas, and ordinary people rarely read and touch it. Chewing words is more important than the former. Mr. Lu Xun once said: Most of China people's knowledge depends on novels and operas compiled from novels. Today, for most people, the most conventional cultural reading is the mass media with newspapers, radio, movies and the Internet as the main body, which have been deeply embedded in people's daily life.

Professor Roger Fidler, an American communication scholar, once described a typical day of an American: before getting up, he listened to the weather forecast and traffic conditions on the radio, then dressed and watched the morning TV news or talk show, and then quickly browsed the morning paper at breakfast. On the way to the company by car, they turn on the radio in the car to listen to the news and the latest traffic conditions, or listen to their favorite books and music. In the office, a faxed news bulletin is lined up with financial, trade and magazine newspapers, waiting to be read. On their way home from work, they may listen to music programs on FM radio or play other tapes and CDs in order to relieve stress. When preparing dinner, news programs on radio or cable TV will provide them with information in the background. Moreover, when it is convenient, they will look at the special pages of newspapers that they didn't have a chance to read in the morning [1]. Today, the lives of people in China, especially those in China, are similar, that is, mass media has become ubiquitous, influential and attractive in their living space.

In view of the direct and universal influence of mass media on people, chewing words is paid special attention to, and it can be said that most critical cases come from this. Those critical articles aimed at different media are arranged in columns such as walking in the language forest, hitting the nail on the head, articles about hospitals, using topics, tracking screens and so on. At the same time, the editorial department also carefully organized and planned to focus on criticizing a class of media in a year. In 2005, the total title of the column "The Target of Public Criticism" was Bite Evening News, and Beijing Evening News, Changsha Evening News, City Evening News, Spring City Evening News, Tonight Evening News, Lanzhou Evening News, Nanning Evening News, Qilu Evening News, qianjiang evening news and Qilu Evening News were selected. In 2006, the general title of the column "The Target of Public Criticism" was "Please give the screen a bright spot". The 12 TV stations inspected are CCTV 1, anhui tv, Beijing Satellite TV, Chongqing Satellite TV, Dongfang Satellite TV, Guangdong Satellite TV, Heilongjiang Satellite TV, Hunan Satellite TV, Shandong Satellite TV, Sichuan Satellite TV, Yunnan Satellite TV and Zhejiang Satellite TV, and the inspection results are also published in magazines every month.

When choosing the object of criticism, we pay full attention to those parts of the language that flow in reality, appear frequently and have a wide influence. Needless to say, the particularity of CCTV Spring Festival Evening in TV programs and its appeal and influence among the audience. Chewing Words has been focusing on this special TV program for many years, and from the perspective of language use, it has made criticisms in different forms such as error lists and open letters. Lecture Room is a TV program of CCTV aimed at inheriting history and culture. Because of its careful planning and ingenious design, it also triggered a wave of viewing craze. For a time, "the altar is full of good wine" became the reputation of "Lecture Room". In 2008, at the request of readers, the editorial department took "going to the altar to comment on wine" as the general title in the column of "the target of public criticism", and found fault with the speeches of Dan, Kong, Yi Zhongtian, Liu and others 12 every month, which caused widespread concern.

Second, accuracy.

Some scholars have pointed out that Lecture Room has spread a distorted and distorted traditional culture, and this column should be revised or closed. This is also a style of media criticism. Its characteristic is that critics put forward their own negative opinions on a media phenomenon according to their own knowledge and knowledge. However, this view is not the only way to solve the problem under discussion. It is entirely possible that the criticized person has his own reasons and full statements, and the opposing opinions of both sides may coexist at the same time. Therefore, such criticism will not have much psychological burden, because as long as it is justified, it will also become a statement. On the other hand, the articles in "Chewing Words" are different. Their criticism of the selected object is not only very clear and definite, but also very pertinent. This is the meaning of accuracy. To illustrate the accuracy more specifically, let's take a look at the following two key cases.

1.2007165438+29.00 The 28th edition of Railway Construction Newspaper has an article introducing Zray, the actor of Liu Xing in Family with Children, entitled Zray, the Famous History of Cardamom Teenagers. The cardamom in the article gives people a strange feeling. Cardamom, also known as "Amomum tsaoko", is a perennial evergreen herb, which is produced in Southeast Asia and also distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces in China. There is a sentence in Du Mu's "Farewell Poetry" in the Tang Dynasty: "It takes more than thirteen flowers, and the cardamom is in the second month." Later, people called a woman's age of thirteen or fourteen cardamom. It is obviously inappropriate to describe Zray as a young actor. [2]

2. On August 16, 2007, the column of National Defense Times published an article entitled "Several Issues to be Grasped in Strengthening the Work Style Construction of Leading Cadres" signed by Qin Yan. Liu Xiang, a famous scholar in the Han Dynasty, also said: "Being few and eager to learn is like the morning glow; Strong and eager to learn, such as the light of Japan and China; Old and studious, bright as a candle. " This famous saying of exhorting students is not from Liu Xiang, but from Shi Kuang and Jin Ping in Shuo Yuan. Liu Xiang is only the author of Shuo Yuan [3].

It can be seen that the views put forward by these two authors are accurate and exclusive.

It is precisely because of this feature that the editors and authors of Chewing Words should have special academic qualities. Among these special qualities, there should be at least profound academic accumulation and pure attitude.

Deep academic accumulation should not only be full of food, but also be used freely. Yi Zhongtian, who is listed as the object of criticism, said in the preface of the 2008 bound edition of Chewing Words: "The authors and editors of Chewing Words always put facts and reason, and make clear the cause and effect, context and source basis." It is impossible to do this without profound academic accumulation. Pure attitude here should include sincerity and toughness. Yu Dan mentioned many times in Lecture Room that The Analects of Confucius has 20,000 words. In fact, this is just her impression, and there is no actual statistics. The author of Chewing Words patiently and carefully counted 20 Analects of Confucius, and found that the version based on Yu Dan had only 15 9 18 words. Here, it is difficult for the author to completely avoid a common sense about the Analects of Confucius, because the communication power of this article is incomparable to that of Lecture Room. But what is certain is that what he solved is by no means a trivial problem.

Third, constructive.

Any form of criticism is negative or destructive. Obviously, the destruction in the academic sense is of positive significance, which at least makes a reasonable and well-founded judgment on a specific phenomenon. The media criticism in Chewing Words not only gives a negative judgment, but also implies a constructive orientation.

First of all, from the positioning and audience design of the magazine, it has such a profound meaning. There is a concise and lively statement about the positioning of magazines in Chewing Words. In view of the worrying trend of "sloppy, obscure, vulgar and gamification" in the use of domestic language and characters, the magazine has determined its basic position: "Bite books, newspapers and periodicals, and bite the mistakes that the world should bite; Chew every word, chew the chewy words in the world. " The editorial team is determined to be the "China berm". "Bite the book and bite the magazine, and bite the wrong thing in the world", which is the normal state of magazine expression, that is, negative or destructive judgment. But this kind of destruction is actually to assume the responsibility of "Chinese guardian", eliminate sloppy, obscure, vulgar and gamification in language use, and rebuild the benign order and norms in the process of language communication. Then, this kind of destruction includes construction.

The magazine lists editors, journalists, proofreaders, program hosts, advertising producers, middle school Chinese teachers and secretaries as its target audience, which fully shows its unremitting pursuit of constructiveness. Communication has a gatekeeper theory. The so-called gatekeeper refers to the person who undertakes information screening, controls the flow and direction of information and directly affects the audience's understanding of information in the process of information dissemination. It can be said that the target audience set by Chewing Words magazine plays an important role in the process of information flow. They are not only disseminators of information, but also gatekeepers in the process of information dissemination. The magazine aims to establish a healthy and standardized language environment for the society by influencing them.

Secondly, from specific critical cases, we can see the constructive existence more clearly. China Central Television (CCTV) is a media that pays more attention to chewing words. In 2006, the editorial department organized editors and authors to "chew the Spring Festival Evening". Authors from all over the country put forward hundreds of opinions on the language and writing of the Spring Festival Gala, and after detailed examination by relevant experts, 28 opinions were finally determined. The editorial department published this result publicly and sent a special letter to CCTV. CCTV understood their good intentions and made a positive response. Before the opening of the Spring Festival Gala in 2007, the editorial department was specially invited to send someone to help the Spring Festival Gala crew check the language. Over the past seven days, experts sent by Chewing Word have worked closely with the cast of Spring Festival Evening, and found and corrected dozens of identifiable mistakes around the clock. After the "Spring Festival Evening" was broadcast that year, all walks of life fully affirmed CCTV's practice of inviting experts to check the gate. It can be seen that the criticism here is not only text analysis and text research, it is accompanied by close realistic interaction between critics, and even a new round of practical construction of mutual cooperation.

Today, the mass media with radio, television, newspapers and the Internet as the main body has almost penetrated into the daily life of the public. Media products presented to the public are an overwhelming and endless existence. We can find that a large number of opinions appearing in society every day are related to the media. However, in these opinions, most of them are personal impressions with obvious emotional color, which can't stand further scrutiny and questioning. Chewing is completely different from this. It advocates a professional academic criticism. All the achievements are not only a realistic revision, but also an academic accumulation and construction, which is worth cherishing and advocating.