Zhou Ji, road and bridge engineering practice

Practice report of road and bridge engineering

Practice direction: road and bridge engineering

Internship location: xxxx

Internship time: 6. 12-6.22

Intern xxxx

Carry out the principle of integrating theory with practice, and let students go to the construction site or management department to learn production technology and management knowledge. Construction practice is not only a training of students' practical knowledge and skills, but also a comprehensive test of students' professional quality, labor discipline and professional ethics.

In the study of civil engineering, we should not only pay attention to the accumulation of knowledge, but also pay attention to the cultivation of ability. Therefore, in order to let everyone have a better understanding of this major, the school organized an internship at the end of our sophomore year, so that everyone can connect what they usually learn in class with reality.

It has been a semester since I entered the road and bridge major, but I don't know much about this major. Now we finally have a chance to have a comprehensive understanding of this major, and we feel very happy.

Cognitive practice is the first practical teaching link in the teaching plan of civil engineering specialty, which has an extremely important influence on local students to establish correct professional ideas and correct professional knowledge learning attitudes.

Practice is divided into two parts: visiting laboratory models, construction sites, various buildings and roads and bridges; Listen to the lecture.

Through this internship visit, I mainly learned the following contents: 1: actually observe various road and bridge models, integrate theory with practice, and understand and understand the structure of roads and bridges; 2. Through our own on-the-spot observation and records, we can understand the traffic flow of roads and calculate the traffic pressure of roads and bridges in general cities; 3. Understand the floor reinforcement methods and construction essentials. 4. Understand the role of bridge traffic and its master-slave relationship with road alignment. 5. Understand the basis of bridge site selection and the content and requirements of its relationship with river trend. 6. Understand the role of interchange in urban traffic and its main components. 7. Understand the structural characteristics of bridges, slab bridges and cable-stayed bridges.

In this internship lecture, we mainly learned: 1. Understand the main work contents, working procedures, working methods and prospects of road and bridge structure design; 2. Understand the main work contents, working procedures, working methods and prospects of engineering construction supervision; 3. Understand the main work contents, work procedures and work contents of road and bridge project management.

catalogue

I. Mobilization meeting -0 1

Two. Traffic volume measurement -02

Three: Visit the Road and Bridge Model -03

Four: Visit xxx Bridge -04

V. Visit the construction site of xxx Bridge -05.

Six: Visit xxx overpass -06

Seven: Listen to xxx's report -07

Eight: Visit the school Shuangqiao -08

Nine: Watch the specific teaching video -09.

X: conclusion-10

One: Mobilization meeting

At 7: 30 am on June 12, classes 6, 7 and 8 of Civil Engineering arrived at our headquarters to hold an internship mobilization meeting. The two teachers explained the internship arrangement in detail. Many of our classmates were late because we didn't know much about the headquarters. Fortunately, the teacher didn't criticize us, which greatly changed my nervous mood because of my first internship. It is an elderly professor who introduced the internship content to us. Although his face has been wrinkled with years, his voice is still powerful. Through his introduction, we know the relevant time (1June 23, 2002), purpose (to strengthen the connection between theory and practice), place (mostly in xxx, some in other places) and some tasks to be completed during the internship (carefully observe the structure and structure of various buildings and write a diary every day). After that, he emphasized the safety problems that should be paid attention to in the internship. In the past, our school had an accident because we didn't pay attention to safety during the internship, so he used a very serious tone when he said this. Because it is an internship, our professional knowledge is definitely not enough to deal with some problems encountered in the internship. In view of this, the teacher suggested that we borrow relevant books from the library before the internship, so as to understand and deepen the understanding of what we don't know during the internship.

The teacher also explained the matters needing attention in the internship. Observe the time stipulated in the internship, arrive at the post on time and come back on time. We should unite and help each other so that our internship can be successfully completed. And after the internship every day, you should also write an internship diary of not less than 200 words to record the daily internship income, which is also a mood diary.

2. Traffic volume measurement

Internship date: June+March, 65438, xxx.

Objective: To measure the traffic volume of local roads.

Internship location: east-west direction at the intersection of xxx Hotel.

Team member: xxxx

Our task in June 13 is to measure road traffic. The students in our class are divided into three practice groups, with an average of 10 in each group. At about nine o'clock in the morning, my internship group set off from the dormitory and arrived at the intersection of xxx hotel. Although there are few people in our group, each of us has assigned tasks. One person is responsible for recording the number of cars from east to west, another is responsible for recording the number of cars from west to east, and the other two are responsible for measuring the number of bicycles and recording the number of motorcycles respectively.

After finishing, we began to measure. I am responsible for calculating the number of cars per unit time. Half an hour passed unconsciously, allowing many cars to pass in front of us, and at the same time allowing the data we wanted to appear on our recording paper. The data are as follows: Bicycles: 16 1, including 68 from north to south and 93 from south to north.

Motorcycles: 98, including 49 from north to south and 49 from south to north.

Cars: 546 vehicles, including 303 vehicles from north to south and 243 vehicles from south to north.

After returning to the dormitory, we analyzed the data: the single-vehicle flow (one hour) s = 2 *161= 312 vehicles /H, in which from north to south S 1=68*2= 136 vehicles//kloc. Hourly flow of motorcycles: M=98*2= 196 vehicles /H, where from north to south, M 1=49*2=98 vehicles /H, and from south to north, M2=49*2=98 vehicles/h; Hourly traffic flow: N=546*2= 1092 vehicles/hour, where from north to south, N 1=303*2=606 vehicles/hour, and from south to north, N2=243*2=486 vehicles/hour. ..

The first day of internship ended like this. Overall, it feels good. Although it was very hot, we persisted, which made us more confident in the next internship!

Three: Visit the road and bridge model.

Internship date:1June 4, xxx.

Practical purpose: to visit the road and bridge model of our laboratory.

Internship location: Laboratory of Civil Engineering Department.

Team member: xxxx

Before contacting concrete road and bridge buildings, the teacher arranged for us to visit various road and bridge models. When the models of various bridges were displayed in front of us, the teacher explained them to us and picked up the corresponding models for us to see. In the past, we only knew some structures of bridges. Today, from the teacher's explanation, we know more details: bridge engineering is a branch of civil engineering, and like housing construction engineering, it is also made of masonry, wood and wood. Bridges are divided into beam bridge, arch bridge, rigid frame bridge, suspension bridge, combined system bridge, suspension bridge and cable-stayed bridge according to their mechanical characteristics and structural system. Bridges can be divided into (1) highway bridges, railway bridges, highway-railway bridges, agricultural bridges, pedestrian bridges, water bridges and special bridges according to their uses, sizes, models and building materials. (2) According to the different classification of the total length and main span of the bridge, the super-large bridge (the total length of the porous bridge is more than 500m, and the total length of the single-hole bridge is more than 100m), the bridge (the total length of the porous bridge is less than 500m, more than 100m, and the single-hole bridge is more than 30m and less than 100m) and the medium bridge (the total length of the porous bridge) The total length of single-span bridge is less than 40m and more than 20m) and small bridge (the total length of multi-span bridge is less than 30m and more than 80m, and the total length of single-span bridge is less than 20m and more than 5m). (3) Classify dirty bridges, reinforced concrete bridges, steel bridges and wooden bridges according to the materials used in the main load-bearing structures of bridges (which are easy to corrode and have limited resources, and generally should not be used except for temporary use). (4) River-crossing bridges, overpass bridges, viaducts and trestles are classified according to the nature of crossing obstacles. (5) According to the position of the carriageway of the superstructure, it can be divided into: upper deck bridge, middle deck bridge and lower deck bridge. In order to let us know more about the bridge, the teacher also introduced the composition of the bridge to us: the supporting structure of the bridge is pier and abutment. Abutment is the supporting structure at both ends of the bridge, and it is the connection point between the road and the bridge. Pier is the middle supporting structure of multi-span bridge. Abutment and pier are composed of abutment cap, abutment body and foundation.

After seeing the bridge model, we came to the front of the road design: the highway grades in China are divided into expressway, first-class highway, second-class highway, third-class highway and fourth-class highway according to their functions. In addition, according to the location of the highway, its position in the national economy and the characteristics of transportation, the administrative system is divided into national highway, provincial highway, county road, township (town) road and special road.

Highway structure construction: subgrade construction, pavement construction, highway drainage structure construction, highway special structure construction, and ancillary structure construction along the highway.

Fourth: Visit xxx Bridge.

Internship date: June 15, xxx.

Internship purpose: to visit xxxxxx Bridge.

Internship location: xxxxxx Bridge

Team member: xxxx

At 5: 50 in the morning, the whole class assembled at the school gate. At about 6: 30, three buses came slowly. Before the bus stopped, people swarmed in and found their seats.

Arrive at 7: 10 today's first stop: xxxxxx bridge.

Xxxxxx Bridge is known as the first bridge in Changhuai. Located in the southeast of xxx town, it is the longest railway and highway bridge in xxx. The xxxxxx Bridge is invested by the state, constructed by the Fourth Engineering Office of the Bridge Bureau of the Ministry of Railways, and the asphalt pavement of the highway bridge deck is constructed by the municipal engineering company. The bridge was built by xxx Bridge Engineering Headquarters, and started in July 1977. The railway bridge project was completed in June 1980, and the trial operation was successful. June 65438+July 0982 Highway Bridge was completed and opened to traffic.

The main bridge of the railway bridge has six holes and is 96 meters long. The bridge deck is paved with double lines, with 6 1 holes at the southern end and 26 holes at the northern end, each with a span of 32.7 meters and a total length of 3428.5 meters. The main bridge across the river is 6 spans, with a length of 579.6 meters, and the vertical distance from the highway deck to the ground is 38 meters. There are 6 1 holes in the south and 19 holes in the north of the approach bridge of Shanggong Highway Bridge, each with a span of 32.7m, a total length of 3195.7m and a deck width of14m, in which the carriageway width is 1 1 m. The main bridge is orthogonal to the downstream of the south bank lead bifurcation and the upstream of the north bank lead bifurcation, each on a curve with a radius of 250 meters, and the lead of the main bridge is 3%. The main bridges are all bored pile foundations, prestressed reinforced concrete piers, with a diameter of 1.25m, and the underwater piers go down to fresh rock layers with a depth of 38m, so they are permanent bridges.

Five: Visit the construction site of xxx highway bridge.

Internship date: June 16, xxx.

Practical purpose: Visit the construction site of xxx highway bridge and learn about the general steps, construction precautions and concrete structure of bridge construction.

Practice location: xxx highway bridge construction site

Team member: xxxx

Today's internship is the first contact with construction, and I visited the construction site of xxx section in expressway. Upon arrival, the project manager in charge of this project showed us around. Visit the eighth and ninth sections of xxx Expressway today. The project manager introduced us to the construction site while taking us to it.

[No.8 Contract Section of xxx expressway] is located in xxx Township, xxx District, XXX City, with total length of 14.333km, starting and ending pile numbers K60+500-K74+832.5 Design standard: totally enclosed and fully interoperable; Two lanes and four lanes, expressway. The subgrade is 28 meters wide, and the main quantities are: subgrade earthwork 258.893 cubic meters, large and medium-sized bridge 227. 12 meters (4 * *), small bridge 120.9 meters (4 * *), separation interchange 1306.77 meters (7 * *).

Sure enough, it took a long time. At first, all the students could keep up. Later, some students thought the route was too long and didn't want to go. After visiting this section, I'm going back. The teacher suddenly asked the manager to visit another department. The manager said, "that's three kilometers away!" " "Nothing, go and have a look," the teacher said, so we went to the ninth contract section without stopping.

[xxx expressway No.1 Liquor Contract Section] is XXX No.1 Bridge. Located on the north bank of xxx, with a total length of 3,773 meters, the starting and ending pile numbers are K74+832.5-K78+565.5. Design standard: totally enclosed and fully interoperable; Two lanes and four lanes, expressway. Main engineering quantity: 498 piles, 68 balcony tie beams, 448 piers, 224 capping beams and 864 prefabricated boxes. The total amount of concrete is 999 1 1.2 1 m3, and the construction period is 17 months.

Today is the most tiring day, but it is also the most exciting day, which not only enriches our knowledge, but also exercises our bodies. It's killing two birds with one stone!

Six: visit xxx overpass

Internship date: June 18, xxx.

Internship purpose: to visit xxx overpass.

Practice location: xxx overpass

Team member: xxxxx

Brief introduction of xxx overpass:

Xxx overpass is located at the intersection of Changjiang Road, He Yihua Road and Tunxi Road in xxx City. It is designed as an interchange with four floors (three floors above ground and one underground) consisting of double Y-shaped directional ramps. The bridge consists of two viaducts and 17 ramp, with a total length of 9536.4m (including 3886.38+04m). The total design route is 17 (5 intersections), and the total area of each road is 145300 square meters.

It is a comprehensive urban transportation hub project. xxx overpass is the starting point and landmark project of building xxx metropolis proposed by Anhui Provincial Party Committee and Government. The quality of this bridge project was evaluated as excellent by xxx Engineering Quality Supervision Station. The bridge won the highest quality award of Anhui municipal engineering-the "Silver Road Award" of municipal engineering and the first prize of quality engineering of the Ministry of Railways. It was also rated as one of the top ten scenic spots in xxx, "Flying Rainbow in Five Miles".

Xxx overpass is located in the west of xxx city, at the junction of Changjiang West Road, Tunxi Road and Hezuohua Road, 2.6 kilometers away from the city center. It is the first high-standard highway overpass in Anhui Province, and it has become a magnificent landscape on the First Ring Road in xxx City. Construction started on June 1995 and was completed on June 20th 1996. This overpass is divided into three floors above ground and one underground, with a bridge area of 40,000 square meters and an area of 8.9 hectares. It is a four-story interchange with a double "Y" circular ramp, which is divided into five intersections and radiates around to solve the traffic in 17 direction. The total length of the road is 9536.4m (of which the bridge is 3886.6438+04m). The total design route is 17 (5 intersections), and the total area of each road is 145300 square meters. The height of the high beam bridge on the top floor is as high as 2 1m from the bottom pavement, and its length exceeds 1 1OO, with a total length of 3886m m. The greening project of xxx overpass has been completed, with a greening area of 50,000 square meters. The center of the bridge consists of four garden green spaces, of which 1 and No.4 are open gardens with lawns and fountains and pyramids, and No.2 and No.3 are closed green spaces with golden leaves and small red leaves, forming an "S"-shaped curve. The whole bridge is novel and elegant in design, beautiful and smooth in shape, reasonable and perfect in function and magnificent in momentum. The whole bridge is connected vertically and horizontally, extending in all directions, like a dozen dragons crossing the river, giving people a beautiful sense of movement. Xxx overpass invested more than 200 million yuan.

Construction started on June 1995 and was completed on June 20, 1996. The overpass covers an area of 15 hectare. It is a dead-floor overpass, with double Y-direction and circular ramp. * * Ramp 17, with a total length of 9.78km and an area of104,000m2. The total length of the bridge is 3886m, with an area of 4 1.600 m2. The greening project of xxx overpass has been completed, with a greening area of 50,000 square meters. The center of the bridge consists of four garden green spaces, of which 1 and No.4 are open gardens with lawns and fountains and pyramids, and No.2 and No.3 are closed green spaces with golden leaves and small red leaves, forming an "S"-shaped curve.

Seven: listen to xxx's report

Internship date: 19 June, xxx.

Purpose of practice: Listen to the report of xxx, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, on "developing underground space and building a resource-saving and environment-friendly city".

Internship location: lecture hall, 9th floor, headquarters.

Team member: xxxxx

As the population and enterprises are constantly gathering in cities, the land use density is rising, which leads to the slow development of cities. As a result, with the continuous expansion of high-density urban areas, the utilization of underground space is also developing, the uses and categories of underground space are constantly differentiated, and the forms of utilization are also increasing. The larger a city is, the more complex its functions are, and the more popular its underground space is. Modern cities can exist and develop only by using underground space facilities such as water, energy, information supply and processing system and subway, and the development of modern cities also promotes the utilization of underground space. The utilization of urban underground space is closely related to the scale and quality of urban ground activities, and they must be balanced.

In the era of high-density urbanization, in order to support the land use on the surface and in the air, some unprecedented multi-purpose underground space utilization forms have emerged. Now, what people hope to form is an urban underground space utilization system, which can effectively play its role under the condition of limited land space. People are exploring the best state of urban system, aiming at establishing a reasonable and scientific urban comprehensive development system by modifying some urban planning and construction laws and urban regional development systems, including three-dimensional transportation system, public ditch system, underground parking lot planning and construction and management system, central heating system construction system, central urban redevelopment system and so on. Therefore, the school invited Professor xxx, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, to give us an academic report on the development and utilization of underground space during our internship. The report is divided into the following six parts:

First, the use of modern underground space:

1, subway

2. Other facilities. Gas pipeline network, water supply pipeline network, sewage drainage pipeline network, power pipeline, heating system, telephone information system, public facilities pipeline, sidewalk network, parking lot, underground shopping center, underground road, etc.

Second, the reasons for using underground space:

1, the land price is expensive.

2. Climatic conditions.

3. Human use of land.

4. Nuclear protection barrier.

Third, the problems in the use of underground space:

1, with high cost. The deeper, the higher.

2, the demolition is difficult.

4. Who has the right to use the underground space?

1, the situation varies from country to country.

2. In Japan, landowners have the right to air and the ownership of underground space up to the center of the earth. The Law on the Utilization of Deep Underground Space came into effect in xxx.

Five, underground space disaster prevention:

1, earthquake

2. Flood.

3. Fire, etc.

The necessity of making the master plan of underground space with intransitive verbs;

1, the utilization of deep underground space.

2. Demolition is very difficult.

3. Pedestrians are more vulnerable, especially the elderly.

4. Develop the potential in the entertainment field.

With the increasing degree and speed of urbanization in China, underground development space is becoming more and more important, and other projects that need strict confidentiality and high security are best built underground. In addition, a country's utilization of its underground resources is also an important part of demonstrating its comprehensive strength. In short, in today's highly developed urban economy, it is very difficult to further expand the space capacity and practical efficiency in the middle of the city without actively developing and utilizing underground space.

Eight: Visit Shuangqiao Campus.

Internship date: June 20th, xxx.

Practice purpose: Visit the construction site of Shuangqiao in the north area of the school to understand the construction process of ordinary small bridges and the matters needing attention in the project.

Internship location: Nanbei Bridge, North Campus.

Team member: xxxx

After breakfast on June 20th, we waited for the teacher to go downstairs. Today's task is to visit two bridges under construction in the north and south of the campus.

After the teacher came, we first looked at the North Bridge under the guidance of the teacher. This is an arch bridge with a total span of 25m, three spans, a middle span of 12m and a span of 6.5m on both sides. The pier is cylindrical, with an upper diameter of 1.5m and a lower diameter of 2m. During the construction period, workers dug one meter every day, and the pier foundation of more than ten meters was dug for about ten days.

The South Bridge and the North Bridge span the same river. On the other side of the river, it used to be the campus of xxx, but now it has been bought by our school and a dormitory building has been built. These two bridges are built for the convenience of students who will move into the new dormitory next semester. The South Bridge is a double-span arch bridge. The two bridges are not far apart, which will definitely add a lot of scenery to the school.

Nine: Watch specific teaching videos.

Today's internship task is to watch the teaching video about concrete. Through an hour's understanding and study of concrete, I got some information about this kind of material which is almost inseparable in modern architecture: (1) Concrete is one of the most important civil engineering materials in the contemporary world. It is an artificial stone material which is made of cementing material, aggregate and water in a certain proportion, stirred and vibrated, and solidified under certain conditions. Concrete has the characteristics of abundant raw materials, low price and simple production technology, so its use is increasing day by day. At the same time, concrete has high compressive strength, good durability, wide strength grade range and wide application range. It is not only used in various civil engineering, but also used in shipbuilding, machinery industry, marine development and geothermal engineering. Concrete is also an important material. There are many kinds, which are divided into cement concrete (called ordinary concrete), asphalt concrete, gypsum concrete and polymer concrete according to the different cementing materials. According to the apparent density, it can be divided into heavy concrete (density 2600kg/m 3), ordinary concrete (density = 1950-2600kg/m 3) and light concrete (density 1950kg/m 3). According to different functions, it can be divided into structural concrete, road concrete, hydraulic concrete, heat-resistant concrete, acid-resistant concrete and radiation-resistant concrete. According to the different construction technology, it can be divided into shotcrete and vibration grouting concrete. In order to overcome the defect of low tensile strength of concrete, people also compound concrete with other materials, and reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, various fiber concrete and polymer impregnated concrete appear.

(2) Early curing of concrete: The common cracks in concrete are mostly surface cracks with different depths, which are mainly caused by the sudden drop of temperature in cold areas caused by temperature gradient. Therefore, the thermal insulation of concrete is particularly important to prevent early cracks on the surface. From the point of view of temperature stress, thermal insulation should meet the following requirements: 1) to prevent the temperature difference between the inside and outside of concrete and the slope of concrete surface, and to prevent surface cracks. 2) In order to prevent concrete from freezing, the lowest temperature of concrete during construction should be no lower than the stable temperature of concrete during use. 3) Prevent the old concrete from supercooling, so as to reduce the constraint between new and old concrete. The main purpose of early curing of concrete is to maintain suitable temperature and humidity conditions, so as to achieve two effects. On the one hand, it can protect concrete from adverse temperature and humidity deformation and prevent harmful cold shrinkage and dry shrinkage. On the one hand, the hydration of cement goes smoothly to achieve the designed strength and crack resistance. Appropriate temperature and humidity conditions are interrelated. Thermal insulation measures often have a moisturizing effect on blood coagulation. Theoretically, the water content in fresh concrete has been exhausted.

Can meet the requirements of cement hydration. However, due to evaporation and other reasons, it often causes water loss, thus delaying or preventing the hydration of cement, and the surface concrete is most easily and directly affected by this adverse effect. Therefore, the first few days after concrete pouring is the key period of maintenance, and more attention should be paid in construction. Therefore, in the process of construction, we should handle these incidents carefully and deal with them according to different situations.

X: Conclusion

The two-week cognitive internship ended like this. Two weeks is really not a long time, but it has brought us an unforgettable experience.

In these two weeks, we have been to xxx bridge, been to xxx bridge and seen xxx bridge in xxx. We have learned more about roads and bridges, their construction procedures and methods, their general classification and mastered some practical knowledge. The so-called practice is the only criterion for testing truth. The purpose of this internship is to connect what we have learned with practice. Not only did we strengthen the correctness of the knowledge we had learned before, but we also expanded our knowledge and contacted many useful new terms, which also paved the way for us to study professional courses next year. In these two short weeks, we not only improved our knowledge, but also improved our physical fitness and willpower. It was rainy and hot during the internship, but we didn't stop practicing because of these. On the contrary, we completed our daily tasks on time with good quality and quantity. I remember when xxx visited the bridge, the weather was very hot, but it happened that the bridge we were going to visit was very long. On a hot day, none of the students clamored to go back, but they all scrambled to see what the front section of the bridge looked like. There is also the friendship between classmates, which has broken the narrow scope in the past. Many students who don't usually talk much become more familiar with each other because they are in a group.

In a word, in this internship, we have made progress in all aspects. I believe that the experience brought by this internship will definitely help our future study and life!

I am very helpless. ............... hopes to adopt it, and the score is a little low.