What are the meteorological disasters in China? What harm will it cause?

1. drought: it causes disasters such as crop and fruit tree reduction, drinking water difficulty for people and livestock, and industrial water shortage, resulting in huge economic losses. 2. Heavy rain: it causes water accumulation, even flash floods, river flooding and burst its banks. 3. Typhoon: It is extremely destructive and has a great impact on crops and fisheries. 4. Low temperature: it causes damage to crops and a large reduction in production, and also has an impact on animal husbandry and aquaculture. 5. High temperature: The temperature in some areas is too high, which affects people's life and agricultural production.

I. Drought

Drought is a disastrous weather phenomenon in a long enough period, due to the serious shortage of precipitation, soil evaporation causes water loss, river flow decreases, and normal crop growth and human activities are destroyed. As a result, the output of crops and fruit trees is reduced, drinking water for people and livestock is difficult, and industrial water is insufficient. Drought is the most serious meteorological disaster affecting China's agriculture, with huge losses. According to statistics, the average annual drought-affected area of crops in China is more than 300 million mu, and the affected area is 65.438+0.2 billion mu. The average annual drought reduction is 65.438+0 billion ~ 65.438+0.5 billion kilograms, and the annual economic loss caused by water shortage is 200 billion yuan. There are more than 420 cities in China suffering from drought and water shortage, and there are 1 10 cities suffering from serious water shortage. The annual urban water shortage in China affects the output value by 200-300 billion yuan.

Second, the rainstorm.

Rainstorm is a short-term or continuous heavy precipitation process. In areas with low terrain and blocked terrain, rainwater cannot be discharged quickly. Farmland water accumulation and soil water supersaturation bring disasters to agriculture, even cause flash floods, river flooding and dike breaches, which bring huge economic losses to people and the country. According to the regulations of China Meteorological Department, the rain with 24-hour precipitation exceeding 50 mm is called rainstorm. The Yangtze River basin is a region with frequent storms and floods, especially in the two lakes basin and the Yangtze River Delta. 1983, 1988, 199 1, 1998, 1999.

Third, typhoons.

Typhoon is the general name of strong vortex with high center temperature and low pressure formed in tropical marine atmosphere, which causes severe weather such as storm, rainstorm, big wave and storm, and is a very destructive weather phenomenon. Its average annual loss exceeds 654.38+0 billion yuan, and Yunna, who landed in Zhejiang in 2004, lost more than 654.38+0 billion yuan at a time. In addition, the strong winds and heavy rainfall brought by Teli, Kanu and Blavin also have a great impact on agriculture and fisheries, among which Teli has brought impacts to six cities/0/3 counties (autonomous regions and municipalities) such as Fuzhou, Nanping, Sanming, Zhangzhou and Longyan in Fujian Province. Nine thousand hectares of crops were affected, and Blavin had the greatest impact on the northeast of China.

Fourth, low temperature.

The low-temperature freezing injury is mainly caused by the invasion of cold air and cold wave, which causes the temperature to drop for many days, causing crops to suffer and reduce production. The years of severe freezing injury were 1968, 1975 and 1982 respectively, and the damaged area of frozen seedlings reached more than 20%. 1977101From October 25th to 29th, the strong cold wave made the snow in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang as deep as 0.5m, the grasslands were buried and a large number of livestock died. 201165438+February, a frost disaster occurred in northeast Guangxi. In June 20 12 and 12, there were two large-scale low-temperature freezing weather in the south. Rape and open-air vegetables, rubber, coffee and bananas in some parts of southwest Yunnan were frozen at low temperature, and the number of low-temperature days in central and northern South China reached 5-9 days. Sugarcane and uncut bananas suffer from moderate cold, and the low temperature cold wave causes potatoes to freeze and tomatoes to break, which also affects some livestock and aquaculture.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) high temperature

Due to the frequent occurrence of high temperature heat waves in recent years, the disasters caused by high temperature are becoming more and more serious. China's meteorological department has specially formulated high-temperature warning signals to defend against high-temperature weather. In the summer of 1994, the rare high temperature weather occurred in most parts of China since 1949, and the daily maximum temperature appeared for the first time in Jiangnan and Huaibei areas on June 24th. =35℃ high temperature weather, before July 1 1, high temperature spread to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the whole Huaihe River basin, in which the highest temperature in many places in the south of the Yangtze River reached 39~40℃, and the highest temperature zone appeared on August 2~4, and the highest temperature in eastern Sichuan and southwestern Hubei reached 42℃.