General situation of natural environment in Huangshi City, Hubei Province

Huangshi city, known as "a hundred miles of golden countryside and a cornucopia in the south of the Yangtze River", is located in the southeast of Hubei Province. It faces the Yangtze River in the northeast, Xishui County, Qichun County and Wuxue City across the river, Ezhou City in the north, Jiangxia District in Wuhan City in the west, Xianning City and Tongshan County in the southwest, and Wuning County and Ruichang City in Jiangxi Province in the southeast.

The soil in Huangshi area can be divided into 6 soil types, 13 subcategories, 57 soil genera, 229 soil types and more than 300 varieties. The six soil types are as follows:

Red soil: developed in various parent rocks and influenced by subtropical climate. The distribution range is mainly in low mountain and hilly areas. Typical red soil profile has obvious red core soil layer and leached sediment layer, with obvious desilication and aluminum enrichment, small soil porosity, low PH value and acidity. The soil is yellow or reddish yellow, with low organic matter content and lack of nutrients, which can become high soil after release.

Limestone soil: It is developed in all kinds of limestone and metamorphic rocks and distributed in strips. The soil is sticky, reflected by lime, and its PH value is one level higher than that of zonal soil, which is not suitable for the growth of rape, Pinus massoniana and rhododendron.

Purple soil: developed in purple rocks, the soil layer is deep, but the root system is shallow, the cultivation quality is poor, and it is difficult to raise seedlings. PH 6.8, neutral.

Fluvo-aquic soil: Fluvo-aquic soil is a universal soil, and its parent material is Quaternary Holocene alluvium and sediments. It is distributed on the banks of the Yangtze River, around lakes, on plains, on the banks of harbors and streams, on tributaries of lakes, on river terraces, in valleys and in flat open areas. The soil layer is deep and loose with good structure, the groundwater level is often around 100 cm, the porosity is moderate, and the soil is moist in summer.

Paddy soil: Paddy soil is a kind of cultivated soil formed under the influence of fertilization, tillage, irrigation, periodic dry-wet alternation and redox.

Swamp soil, a subclass of multi-meadow swamp soil in lakeside area. The groundwater level is high and the organic matter content is high, so it is in the stage of de-swamping and de-diving.

The Yangtze River runs through the city from north to east, starting from Aijiawan in Ezhou City in the north and ending at Tianmaling in Yangxin County, with a total length of 76.87 kilometers. The main water systems in the city are rich water system, Daye Lake system, Baoan Lake system, Haikou Lake, Cihu Lake, Qingshan Lake, Sanshan Lake, Mahua Lake, Gehu Lake, Jingshanyuan Lake and Shangchao Lake. The largest water system is Yangxin's water-rich water system. Fushui River originates from Tongshan and flows into the Yangtze River from west to east, with a total length of 196 km and a drainage area of 53 10 square km. The length of urban Yangxin is 8 1 km.

The basin covers an area of 2,245 square kilometers; Daye lake system 1339 square kilometers, Baoan lake system 570 square kilometers. There are many caves in the territory, many of which have tourism development value. The whole terrain is inclined from southwest to northeast, and the terrain is broken, and some places form incomplete intermountain basins. Generally, the hillslope is gentle, and the elevation along the river is low. Huangshi City is located in the southeast of Hubei Province, on the south bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It borders Ezhou and Wuchang in the northwest, Xianning and Jiangxi in the southeast, and Xishui, Qichun and Wuxue in the northeast across the river. Huangshi is located in the hilly area of the south of the Yangtze River on the north side of the shogunate mountain system, bordering Dabie Mountain in the north and Datong Mountain in the south. Cihu Lake, Daye Lake, Baoan Lake and Net Lake cover the territory, with plains and low mountains interlaced, forming a landform situation of "high in the south and low in the north, flat in the east and west, with lakes and mountains, adjacent to Jiangjin".

Huangshi is located in the mid-latitude area of 29 30'-30' north latitude16' east longitude1413'-15 30', with obvious seasonal changes. It is far from the ocean, and the surface is mostly mineral groups. In spring and summer, the underlying surface is rough, the temperature rises rapidly and the convection is strong. Influenced by the southeast monsoon circulation, its climate is characterized by hot Leng Xia in winter, abundant sunshine and rainfall, which is a typical subtropical continental monsoon climate. Due to the special geographical location and complex terrain, it is easy to cause heavy rain and heavy rain when the southwest warm and humid airflow invades in spring and summer. At the same time, there are also some years when there are many days of drought and little rain in spring and summer. Serious meteorological disasters have brought great losses and influences to people's lives, property and social stability.