Where can I find papers about table tennis and the Olympic Games? Urgent need!

Serving is the beginning of every point in table tennis, and it is the only technique in table tennis that is not restricted by opponents and has strong initiative. High-quality service can play a preemptive role. It is precisely because of the unique role of service technology in the competition that the ITTF constantly modifies the service rules to minimize the threat of service to opponents and make the competition more ornamental, thus promoting the development of table tennis. This paper expounds the main serve in each development period of table tennis and the revised rules to limit the threat of serve, and puts forward the corresponding training methods and requirements for serve training at this stage.

1 Main serve and serve rules in different periods

Throughout the development history of serve, every time the rules of serve are revised, it is because of the new development of table tennis technology, which has caused great threat to opponents, thus reducing the antagonism and appreciation of the game and making new situations in the game activities. Table tennis has been in service since the second half of the19th century. However, because the equipment used at that time was very different from that used now, it was impossible to serve a ball with a certain speed and rotating quality. So the rules don't have too many restrictions on serving. With the appearance of sponge bat in 1950s, the rotation of the serve has developed from a single rubber backspin to a strong side topspin and side backspin. Then came the "squatting" joint logistics, which was influenced by the joint logistics force, with strong rotation and greater threat. After the 28th World Table Tennis Championships, the ITTF revised the rules, stipulating that the thrown ball can only be hit if it falls from the highest point, so it is considered that the combined service is not legal serve. In the 1960s, with the development of table tennis, the quality of serving was greatly improved, and more attention was paid to the rotation and speed of serving, and high throwing service began to appear. However, because it does not pose a great threat to the receiver, the rules do not impose too many restrictions on these new serve techniques. In 1970s, there was a new development in the first three-board technique in China, and there was a major breakthrough in the service technique. In particular, the technique of high throw service has been further developed and innovated, which enables it to serve balls with different rotations and landing points in the same position with similar techniques. This technique has been widely adopted by athletes all over the world, and the service gradually poses a threat to the receiver. In the 1980s, the concealment and threat of service became more and more prominent. In particular, athletes make full use of the imperfections or loopholes in the service rules and use various means to make the game difficult for the audience to understand and the players to master. For example, when serving, the racket with the same color but different performance is used to "reverse" and "block", and the serve is stamped, so that the opponent can't judge what kind of cover to use to hit the ball, and the receiver becomes "blind" and "deaf" at the moment of receiving the ball, which makes the serve effect reach the point of public outcry in table tennis. In order to reduce the "concealment, suddenness and threat" of serving and make table tennis ornamental, the ITTF has made a "revolution" in the rules. It is required that the colors of both sides of the racket must be different, and the racket must always be higher than the level of the table when serving; Don't stamp your feet when serving; When hitting the ball, the distance between the ball and the net cannot be farther than the distance between the body and the net.

2 1 century, table tennis has been at its peak, and all kinds of playing techniques are close to the extreme, so it is difficult to make a big breakthrough. In order to push table tennis to the society and the market, the competition will become more intense and exciting. ITTF has carried out a series of reforms, such as expanding the scope; Shorten scores and smooth service. The service technique has been restricted as never before, and the threat of service has been reduced to a minimum.

2 Three elements to improve service quality

From the evolution history of service rules, the revision of service rules in each period is to minimize the threat brought by services. Therefore, in order to fundamentally improve the service quality, so that the opponent can "eat" the service even if he can see the rotation of the ball clearly, it is necessary to enhance the internal technical quality of the service, and the standard to measure the service quality mainly depends on the cooperation of the service speed, rotation and landing point.

2. 1 Strengthen the change of service rotation. The rotation of table tennis has been paid more and more attention in modern table tennis technology. First of all, touching the ball with a proper part of the racket is conducive to enhancing the rotation of the ball. For example, when the forehand serve is backspin, the left side of the racket face touches the ball to produce strong rotation; On the other hand, it is difficult to create rotation. Secondly, strengthening friction is the key to manufacturing rotation. Friction means that the line of action is far from the center of the ball, but the thinner the better. If it is too thin, it will cause the ball to slip on the racket face. So when hitting the ball, let the racket "eat" the ball first, and then increase the friction of the ball.

2.2 Control the impact point of the ball. Controlling the change of the service landing point is a main link in the service, and the service landing point must be combined with length, light and heavy, and left and right. If you only serve the short ball without the cooperation of the long ball, even if the service is shorter, it is difficult to pose a threat to your opponent. Therefore, it is necessary to use the same technique to serve balls with different landing points and rotating properties.

2.3 improve the ball speed. When serving, the speed of the ball is related to the speed of the racket and the force on the ball when the racket touches the ball. On the basis of wiping the ball, the greater the explosive force when touching the ball, the higher the service quality. So we should make full use of the shot put, just like the run-up. You must have a certain swing time. Give full play to the strength of forearm, upper arm, wrist, waist and legs while having a certain throwing height. Maximize swing speed, maximize rotation and speed.

3 service training requirements and training methods

3, 1 Be persistent. Serving training is rather boring, and it can't be practiced overnight. It needs to be accumulated through long-term training. To practice serving well, we should not only fully understand the function of serving, but also cultivate our interest in serving from an early age. Only when we have a strong interest in service can we persistently think and study it.

3.2 Understand the spirit of serving rules. Quality service must be standardized, especially youth sports, and the rules, especially the main points of the rules, must be understood and infiltrated. There are many kinds of serve violations, the common ones are: not holding hands, not kicking off and not leveling; When pitching, don't shoot under the table; The pitch height is less than 16 cm, etc. However, at present, more violations are blocking serve. In order to serve smoothly, it is required that the server's hand should leave the area between the server's body and the net immediately after serving. Therefore, in the service training, we should pay attention to correcting the illegal service technique, especially to avoid the phenomenon of blocking the opponent with body, arms and clothes when serving forehand.

3.3 Establish a correct concept. Before serving practice, let players know the relationship between the rotation, landing point and speed of the ball, help players understand the characteristics of various services, and clarify various service methods and technical essentials. The ball should have the characteristics of heavy strength, awkward landing point, strong rotation and fast speed as much as possible.

3.4 Service training methods

3.4. 1 multi-ball training. This is the most basic training method in serve training, which is very effective in exploring the law of serve and improving the quality of serve.

3.4.2 High-level players sparring. Serving and receiving are a pair of complementary techniques, and mutual training has the best effect. If the receiver has a strong catching ability and a high level, it will be more conducive to the server to improve his serving skills as soon as possible. And under the guidance of high-level service recipients, you can practice a certain link of service technology and break through a certain difficulty.

3.5 Match Jackie Chan and refine a set. In order to make a certain service work, there must be supportive intervention and cooperation. For example, a strong backspin should be matched with a non-rotating ball; Short balls should be matched with long balls. A set of services should be as diverse as possible, including speed, rotation and landing point. However, in training, it is required to be "fine". According to one's own specialties, master one or two kinds of technically refined and high-quality services, and avoid being greedy and cheap and unskilled.

3.6 Improve and innovate service technology to adapt to the new rules. The new serve rules do not completely deny all the original serve techniques, such as squat serve, backhand low throw serve and backhand high throw serve, which can be extended or improved and innovated. Especially the backhand high throw serve, because the hitting position of the backhand serve is in front of the server's body, it is easier to adapt to the requirements of the new rules. The high throw serve can speed up the speed of the ball and increase the strength of the ball, thus increasing the rotation of the ball. Therefore, it is obviously beneficial to pay attention to the research and innovation of backhand high throw service technology.

Years of study

Athletes' time at school.

Source:

If the winners of the Asian Games, the World Table Tennis Championships and the Olympic Games are three grand slams in my table tennis career, then a bachelor's degree from Tsinghua, a master's degree from Nottingham University and a doctor's degree from Cambridge University are another grand slam I want to complete.

—— Deng Yaping

1997 retired from Tsinghua University, got a bachelor's degree in 200 1, entered the University of Nottingham in the UK in September of the same year, got a master's degree in 12 in 2002, and entered Cambridge University to study for a doctorate in economics in the same year.

Deng Yaping tells the story of struggle all the way to school-

Tsinghua: Learning begins with writing 26 English letters.

"When I retired, I began to design my own future path. Some people think that athletes can only continue to engage in sports that they are familiar with, but I just want to prove that athletes can not only play well, but also do other things well. I was no longer an athlete that day, and my new starting point began. " Deng Yaping said.

"1At the end of 1996, I was nominated by Sa Lao as a member of the Sports Committee of the International Olympic Committee. I understand that this is not only the reuse and trust of the International Olympic Committee, but also a severe challenge. The official languages of the Olympic Committee are English and French. However, at this time, my English foundation is almost zero, and I know nothing about French. Faced with the contrast between such an important job and my foreign language level, I am very anxious. "

1996 After the Atlanta Olympic Games, Deng Yaping received the admission notice from Tsinghua University. When she first entered Tsinghua, her English was almost a blank sheet of paper. She had no English foundation, let alone the ability of oral communication.

"With the feelings of excitement and uneasy into Tsinghua. The teacher depends on my level-you write 26 English letters to see. It took me a while to finally write it. I'm a little embarrassed to read capital letters and lowercase letters for a while-that's it, teacher. But please rest assured that I will study hard! "She was ashamed, but more believe in their own efforts.

"The story told by the teacher in class is tantamount to a gobbledygook for me. I can only try my best to listen, remember every word, go back to the dormitory, look up the dictionary a little, and recite a little. I made a study plan for myself: everything starts from scratch, and three firsts are adhered to-learning from the first page of the textbook and memorizing from the first letter and word; You must guarantee the study time of 14 hours every day, get up at 5 o'clock on time every day, read phonetic symbols, recite words and practice listening until the formal class; Organize the handouts in the evening and review the homework until midnight 12. " Because she devoted herself to her studies, Deng Yaping almost completely canceled the party with friends and unrelated social activities, and even called her parents less often. In order to improve her listening and conversation skills, she not only went to the language lab regularly, but also bought a multifunctional repeater. The "Walkman" used to listen to music also "jumped ship" and became a single player of English tapes. Because I always read while listening to the tape. Students always joke with her: "Yaping, you read all day, be careful of your lips!" " ""But I believe that without superhuman efforts, there would be no superhuman achievements. This is also my personal experience in the field for many years. "

The study pressure is great, and the classes are full every day. In addition to studying, Deng Yaping has to travel dozens of miles to the national team training base three times a week, and the degree of fatigue can be imagined.

"Every morning, I will find a lot of hair on the pillow, and when I comb my hair, I will have handfuls of hair falling off. I didn't care much, but the coach and teammates were surprised to see me and said,' Xiao Deng, what's wrong with you?' I said,' nothing, maybe the brain used for learning is different from that used for playing ball.' "

"Although they are all a word' bitter', I have a different feeling at this time: I used to be an athlete and I was too tired to move after training. The companions cheered for a while and gritted their teeth. When encountering difficulties and obstacles, the coach dialed a little and got through; When the game was in trouble, the audience roared for motivation and turned the corner. But reading often requires a person to struggle alone. That poverty and loneliness is another kind of torture. Without will and perseverance, you can't persist. "

In order to master English faster, several English teachers suggested that Deng Yaping study abroad for a period of time. With their enthusiastic help and approval from Tsinghua University and the State Sports General Administration, Deng Yaping, who has just studied in Tsinghua for a few months, was sent to the Language Center of Cambridge University in England as an exchange student to study English.

Cambridge: Get up at 5 o'clock every morning to study.

1On February 26th, 998, Deng Yaping flew to Cambridge with extremely complicated feelings. For her, this is naturally a very rare opportunity, but it is also a difficult start.

"The next day is the day of school. There are nine students in the class. The classroom is small. Nine desks and chairs are arranged in a semicircle towards the blackboard. The teacher asked everyone to introduce themselves first. Next, I gave you two handouts and started the lecture. There is no discipline in the class, and the way of explanation is very casual. As soon as the teacher gave a lecture, the students scrambled to answer questions. I finished my class in the fog cover of Yunshan. Four or five weeks have passed, and fifteen or six hours of work every day has not achieved much, and the improvement of English level is not significant. As a transfer student, it is too difficult to catch up with other students. In addition, there are no teaching materials, and only handouts issued by teachers can be obtained in each class. This kind of teaching method is also difficult for me to adapt to. "

"The living environment is not satisfactory. Most international students studying in Britain live in British homes arranged by the school, and I am no exception. I want to live in an English home. On the one hand, I can learn more about English customs. On the other hand, I can have more opportunities to talk in English. But my landlady's house is too far from school, and the room and meals are very high. In addition to paying more than 200 pounds for rent every month, you have to pay more than 0/00 pounds for meals. Together, the two items cost about 5000 yuan a month. For me who went to school in England at my own expense, cherishing money is as important as cherishing time. "

"I remember the first time I wore rain-proof sportswear and rode a bike to school. Many students were puzzled: Why did the world champion ride a bike to school? Yes, world champions are also mortal. Everything I have is bought with sweat. Hard-won, I must cherish it very much. Difficulties in study and life bother me, and I am eager to change this situation. "

"Shortly after I arrived in England, I wanted to send some money home. However, I took the list at the post office, but I didn't know how to fill it out. The man at the post office pointed to the list, but I looked blank. I stood in front of the post office, my eyes numb. What can I do? Ask who is going? I asked, but I still don't understand. Finally, I had to leave in a hurry. "

"Before school started, in order to familiarize me with the environment, the landlord drove me around the school. The next day, people didn't send it. Although I bought a bike, I can't find the way to school. I turned a corner and went to school. Always punctual, I became a late student. I was so anxious that I jumped up and explained something, but I couldn't understand it. I can't forget the taste and embarrassment now! "

Newham College, where Deng Yaping attended, is a small college affiliated to Cambridge University, similar to the domestic language college. The students here are mainly foreign students, and Deng Yaping is the only international student from Chinese mainland. She majored in English for three months. After Deng Yaping came to Cambridge, she was under great pressure to study. Besides, she studies hard behind closed doors almost every day.

"When I first arrived in Cambridge, although I worked hard, the effect was not obvious. I know, this is because my language foundation is still quite weak. If I want to stand up and study hard in an elite university like Cambridge, I need to go all out to fight. Learning is the same as physical exercise. There are no shortcuts to find, and there will be no beautiful things that fall from the sky. Everything depends on yourself. " In order to catch up with her homework, Deng Yaping gets up early and only sleeps for a few hours every day.

"In the first month or two, I couldn't understand what the teacher said. I copied everything the teacher wrote on the blackboard. When you get home, look it up in the dictionary and read it yourself. Everyday life is monotonous, and the class time is four and a half hours. There is a lot of homework after class. Eating seems very troublesome to me. I only have an hour's rest at noon. I usually don't go back to the dormitory, just eat the sandwiches I brought in the morning and then read for a while. I often eat my own instant noodles, vegetables, tomatoes and eggs in the evening. I learn 12 almost every day before I can sleep. "

Although the foundation is worse than other students, she is always unwilling to surpass others. This competitive mentality gradually began to change later: "After all, the foundation is different, from athletes to students is a very big turning point, and there is a process for learning to rise. Those professors who stayed here also achieved this status through very hard work and huge costs. "

In order to make time for study, Deng Yaping took her parents to England to take care of her life. "In addition to sorting out handouts, consulting materials and practicing listening as in China, I will go deep into the crowd in my spare time, listen to their conversations first, and then practice talking with them slowly. Every time I come back, I will ponder over it, further explore the cultural background, historical changes and language rules of English, help me understand and analyze English, and find out the learning rules. " After more than a year's hard work, Deng Yaping's oral and listening skills have entered the ranks of top students in the class.

Back in Tsinghua, Deng Yaping's graduation thesis was titled "The History and Development of National Football Team". From the opening report, to the first submission of the paper, and even to the final revision of the paper, Deng Yaping not only reached the standard for each item, but also completed it step by step ahead of schedule.

"I finally put on my bachelor hat. At the graduation ceremony, I addressed the teacher in fluent English. "

Nottingham: It can be seen from her study motivation that she is a world champion.

In September, 20001year, Deng Yaping entered the University of Nottingham from Tsinghua to study for a master's degree. "I originally preferred Cambridge, where the scenery is lovely and I am fascinated. But I went to Nottingham University because Nottingham University has the best foreign language department in Britain. "

"Mentor don't know much about me. He seems a little uneasy, worrying about whether an athlete can finish his studies. I sincerely said to my tutor: I may be worse than your other students, please take more trouble. I may take a course that others can understand twice or even many times, others will take a year, and I may take a year and a half or even two years. But no matter how hard and how long it takes, I will take my studies down! I am a very strong and stubborn person, so I will try my best to do everything well. "

"In Britain, there are two ways to master. A kind of exam-oriented education. That is, one class in the last class until all courses are passed; The other is to do research with the tutor and write a paper after the research. If the thesis passes, I can graduate. I take the second method. What is more difficult than language is the way of learning here, which is really different from that in China. I have my own tutor, but I don't meet often. He often provides me with reading lists, and I go to the library or university to find books and read them. Ask him to meet and answer questions if you have any questions. At first, I was not used to this way. What's more, my major is' China Contemporary Studies', an unpopular major, which seems to have nothing to do with sports. Even the library may not have relevant materials. In this way, I have to look in different libraries and universities. However, it seems that this is also one of the important gains of my study abroad. The new way of learning has taught me to find ways to achieve my goals in complex situations. "

From the beginning, Deng Yaping's learning mentality was bent on surpassing the competitiveness of others, and gradually changed into a normal mentality to keep up, because she saw the gap on her own learning basis. "When I play ball, my eyesight is 1.5. It dropped rapidly after school started. Now one eye is 0.6. Learning is completely different from playing ball. I don't get enough sleep. I always feel sleepy in class. I can't open my eyes. The more I sit, the more sleepy I get. I want to hold my eyelids up with a stick. But the teacher is sitting opposite, so you can't sleep, let alone slide the number. This feeling was particularly obvious at first. Later, I gradually adapted to this life, knew how to arrange my own work and rest, and found some rules. "

"My research topic is From Little Foot Girl to Olympic Champion, and the example is China Women's Table Tennis Team. In order to study this topic, I read some research materials about female athletes in China, most of which were written by foreigners. These foreigners don't really understand the life and growth experience of female athletes in China, so their research is not in place. I hope that from me, someone will really pay attention to the research on women in China and women athletes in China. I also hope that by studying abroad, I can try my best to avoid misunderstandings caused by cultural differences between the East and the West, so as to better introduce China and let the world know about China. In international sports, it is not easy for people to understand your opinions and accept your ideas. "

In her study, she showed energy when she played ball. Needless to say, she can bear hardships, and the most precious thing is that she dares to speak. It is said that the courses arranged by the teacher are saturated, there are classes every day of the week, and the homework on weekends is not good. After finishing homework, you have to prepare for next week's class, and so on. But she still feels that "absorption" is not enough and she is a bit greedy.

No wonder, she was really worried. As soon as Deng Yaping put down her racket, she became a young member of the Athletes' Committee of the International Olympic Committee. When she went to the meeting, she couldn't wait to speak fluent English. As a result, the table tennis world champion quietly sprouted a desire to enter the advanced class early and March to the master next year. English is her first pass!

In the course of attending classes at Nottingham University, Deng Yaping always seized every opportunity to speak. The teacher said in a joking tone that she was a world champion from her study. "Class is over, and I have to hurry to find another teacher to do individual tutoring. This is a separate tutoring time specially arranged by the school for each student's different problems in learning. Every time before going out for a meeting, the teacher will help me prepare my speech materials and correct my pronunciation, intonation and way of speaking. In addition, the school also gave me a special course to teach me how to interview in English. At school, I live a typical college student's 3.1 life, which is no different from those ordinary campus girls. "

"I must get this master's degree, and I must get it at a foreign university." In that case, she may win another first prize among the Olympic champions in China. As a student of Nottingham University, Deng Yaping has a tight schedule every day. "In addition to taking classes in the language department, I have to take classes in the English department. There is still a lot of homework after class, and the lunch break is only one hour. "

"There is another meaning for me through the language barrier. At that time, I was a member of the Athletes' Committee of the International Olympic Committee and was also in charge of a project of the ITTF. If you can't communicate with others, then everything is zero. At the same time, there is also a public image, which means that after all, I represent China and China athletes, so the mental outlook is very important. "

A year later, Deng Yaping read a 35,000-word paper from a woman with little feet to an Olympic champion in English, facing a strict examiner. This paper discusses the great development and changes of women's sports in China and China with detailed and vivid materials and clear and powerful arguments. The unanimous conclusion of the on-site examiner is: pass unconditionally at one time! On February 22nd, 2002, 65438+, she got a master's degree. Mr Samaranch praised her for "having the key to the world".

At this point, from 65438 to 0997, Deng Yaping has spent nearly six spring and autumn periods on campus, turning the "education" in the third grade of primary school into a postgraduate education. Deng Yaping admits that from athletes to students, especially an international student, she has made no less efforts than playing ball. "From knowing nothing about English to skillfully communicating with professors in English, from strangers to friends all over the UK, from confusion at the beginning to meeting challenges later, every step has been very hard. But overseas life opened a door for me and let me really understand the world. "

At the same time, as a member of Beijing's Olympic bid, she went to Moscow to help Beijing win the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games.

2001July 13, Deng Yaping appealed to IOC members in fluent English: Please give China athletes a chance to host the Olympic Games!

Back to Cambridge: study, work hard and freeze jiaozi.

There is no end to knowledge. In 2002, like a long-distance runner, she stood at a new starting line and started a new struggle-she confidently studied for a doctorate in economics in Cambridge, and her research direction was "the influence of the 2008 Olympic Games on contemporary China". Deng Yaping's "China Studies" continued.

On February 24, 2003, Deng Yaping, who was studying for a doctorate in Cambridge, returned. In BOCOG, the new busyness began again. "Peter Newland, my tutor in Cambridge, is a world-famous economist who has studied China's economy for more than 30 years. He knows the importance of the 2008 Olympic Games in stimulating China's economy, and it will have high economic research value. He thinks that I can not only serve my motherland when I return to China, but also collect first-hand precious materials for my thesis. So he made an exception and allowed me to work and study while returning to China. The future work is very hard, but this is a very good opportunity. "

During the Spring Festival holiday in 2004, in order to write her doctoral thesis at Cambridge University, she gave up the reunion with her relatives, bought a pile of frozen jiaozi and ate jiaozi with her every day.

"Some people may think I'm asking for it. Some people even say that you have many honors, and you can live a good life without a degree. You don't have to work so hard to get a degree. You can even find a "gunman" to write a paper. But I didn't go to college for gilding. I just went to school to finish my dream of reading. In the contact with foreign friends, I deeply felt the lack of knowledge and poor communication. Although the foundation is not good, I don't want to take shortcuts by accident, not to mention the internationally renowned universities such as Tsinghua and Cambridge, which I attended, are rigorous in their studies and cannot be tampered with! "

Jiaozi can be quick-frozen, but it is difficult for talents to be quick-frozen. Deng Yaping's academic success and brilliant playing table tennis are not actually due to her exceptional talent. On the contrary, she overcame one difficulty after another and won a new gold medal on the road of life with perseverance and positive attitude towards life, regardless of her studies or playing ball.

"I am still a member of the IOC Athletes' Committee, the Sports and Environment Committee and the Reform Committee. Especially the Athletes' Committee, whose members are all famous Olympic champions, have their own rights and interests. For a long time, I am the only Asian member, so I am not only the representative of China, but also the representative of Asia. I have the responsibility to fight for the rights and interests of athletes in Asia and third world countries. "Thanks to Deng Yaping's efforts, the Athletes' Committee has proposed to the IOC Executive Committee that when recommending IOC members, there must be an Asian member (***8 people).

And she has been studying for a doctorate in Cambridge for the second year. Talking about his studies, Deng Yaping said, "It's really difficult, it's really difficult, and I feel a lot of pressure. I have been stretching all day, so I feel particularly hard. But I want to thank this experience as a student, because it let me see another world and find my new value. If the winners of the Asian Games, the World Table Tennis Championships and the Olympic Games are three grand slams in my table tennis career, then the bachelor's degree from Tsinghua, the master's degree from Nottingham University and the doctor's degree from Cambridge are another grand slam I want to complete. " Fight, fight, fight again! Whether as an athlete or a student, Deng Yaping is almost demanding of himself: "I must do it well, I have no reason not to do it well!" This is a kind of confidence!

Table tennis first appeared in Britain in 1890, when it was an aristocratic sport. Europeans still call table tennis "table tennis", which shows that table tennis is developed from tennis. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, tennis was all the rage in Europe. However, due to the limitation of venue and weather, some college students in Britain move tennis indoors, using the dining table as a table, books as a net, parchment as a racket and playing around the dining table.

At the beginning of the 20th century, table tennis flourished in Europe and Asia. 1926, International Table Tennis Invitational Tournament was held in Berlin, Germany. Later, it was chased as the first World Table Tennis Championships. At the same time, the International Table Tennis Federation was established.

The extensive development of table tennis has greatly improved rackets and balls. The original racket was a slightly processed board. Then someone put a layer of sheepskin on the racket. With the development of modern industry, Europeans put rubber with rubber particles on rackets. In the early 1950s, the Japanese invented the thick sponge racket. The original ball was a rubber ball similar to tennis. 1890, British athlete Gibb brought back some celluloid balls from America as table tennis toys.

Among all kinds of table tennis competitions, the most famous is the World Table Tennis Championships, which was held once a year at first, and changed to be held every two years after 1957.

Table tennis experienced a long development stage before it entered the Olympic Games.

1980, table tennis was invented.

1952, at the World Championships in Mumbai, Japanese players used rubber rackets for the first time, which caused a sensation.

1952, Japanese Hiroshi Sato became the first Asian player to win the world championship, which indicates that Asians will dominate the sport in the future.

In 1954, Asian players, especially those from China and Japan, used the backhand grip invented by the Yugoslavs. The popular grip method at that time was the traditional grip method used by the famous Hungarian player Victor Barna.

197 1 On April 3rd this year, the American table tennis team played a match in Beijing and China. They finally lost to the host with a score of 1 ratio 13, but this game opened the diplomatic relations between China and the United States.

198 1 year, table tennis was listed as an Olympic event by the International Olympic Committee.