What management work should be done to ensure the robust growth of wheat and promote the bumper harvest of winter wheat?

What management work should be done to ensure the robust growth of wheat and promote the bumper harvest of winter wheat? The output of winter wheat ranks in the forefront of crops in China. In order to increase the output year by year, we must constantly improve the planting management methods and adopt more scientific and reasonable production techniques. Experienced farmers know that the three stages of reproductive growth in the late growth stage of winter wheat are the key to determine the high yield of wheat. Then, in production, what management measures do we take to ensure the robust growth of wheat and promote the bumper harvest of winter wheat?

Topdressing amount: the seedling condition of wheat is the key basis for topdressing, and 20-30 kg urea can be applied to wheat with normal seedling potential per mu (the actual fertilization amount is basically determined according to soil organic matter); For wheat with yellow leaves, thin stems and weak roots, the amount of urea fertilizer can be increased by 5- 10 kg per mu, and for wheat with vigorous growth, fertilization should be reduced or topdressing should be postponed.

Fertilization method: The method of topdressing urea is generally ditching and burying, and the depth is generally 10cm. Proper inhibition after fertilization can reduce evaporation consumption caused by urea fertility. For wheat fields with thick soil layers, urea can be applied centrally at one time, and for rice seedlings with strong sandy soil or weak upward trend, it is best to apply fertilizer twice.

It must be emphasized that it is not appropriate to water wheat immediately after topdressing urea. If the soil moisture content is not very good, it can be watered after 5-7 days, so that the fertilizer effect of urea can be fully dissolved and released under the condition of good ventilation, or it can be topdressing after watering green water for about 5 days, under the condition that the soil surface is loose and free.

Tillage and ploughing are the key measures to promote wheat to return to green and resume production. Generally speaking, the intertillage height of normal growing wheat is 6-7cm, and the shallow effect is limited. If it is too deep, it is very easy to damage the roots. For the land with thick soil layer, the deep layer can be moderately increased without damaging the root system, which is helpful to raise the temperature of the soil and promote rooting. For sandy soil, the deep layer of intertillage should be shallow, otherwise it will lead to serious soil permeability and accelerate soil water loss.

For weak seedlings, the frequency of intertillage should be increased, and for vigorous seedlings, the yellow leaves caused by low winter should be removed during intertillage to reduce the shading of leaves.

Watering and timely and sufficient water supply are the basis of whether wheat can quickly turn green and resume growth. There should be some differences in watering time for wheat grass with different rising trends. Generally speaking, wheat with a strong upward trend can be watered when its seedlings are upright, and wheat with a weak upward trend should be moderately delayed.

Because the ground temperature is still relatively low at this stage, and the environmental temperature of irrigation water is also relatively low, watering too early will reduce the ground temperature, but it is not conducive to restoring growth in advance and catching up with the vigorous growth of seedlings. For vigorous wheat, the watering time will be delayed until the flag leaves are exposed. When watering, avoid rainy days, preferably in the afternoon when the weather is fine and the temperature is high. At the same time, watering should be synchronized with topdressing (except urea).

Weeding In production, most methods of weeding wheat are chemical weeding, which is time-saving and labor-saving, efficient and convenient, but chemical weeding has a disadvantage that it is very easy to cause fertilizer damage. In order to prevent the occurrence of fertilizer damage, the core should be: (1) to choose the right medicine, the origin of herbicide should be reliable, and it must be produced by reliable manufacturers; Herbicide should be used alone, and should be prevented from being mixed with other types of fertilizers such as fungicides and pesticides.

Finally, don't arbitrarily increase the dosage of herbicide, use it in strict accordance with the instructions, and prevent duplication in the case of spraying, otherwise it will lead to a slightly larger dosage and lead to fertilizer damage; Fourth, don't use wheat herbicides after wheat heading. If the grass is seriously damaged, you can take part in chemical weeding or choose manual weeding.

Disease control At present, wheat has just resumed growth, and its disease resistance is still weak. Taking effective measures in time to avoid the occurrence and spread of sheath blight, virus disease, stripe rust and other diseases is the key technical means. In the prevention and control of wheat diseases, we must first create conditions that are not suitable for the occurrence of diseases. Most diseases are directly related to the high environmental humidity in the field. The greater the environmental humidity, the longer the duration, and the more conducive to the outbreak of diseases.

In the process of management, one of the measures that can be taken is to drain the waterlogged low-lying land after irrigation, or to strengthen soil moisture drainage through timely intertillage. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the detection of seedling conditions and spray broad-spectrum fungicides such as carbendazim in time for prevention and control. Controlling the occurrence of diseases in the initial state is the basic principle to effectively prevent and control diseases.