What's the climate like in Qinghai Lake?

Abstract: Qinghai Lake is a bright pearl on Qinghai Plateau. Its vastness, magic, vastness, majesty and beauty have attracted waves of tourists. If you want to travel to Qinghai Lake, you must first understand the Qinghai type and geographical environment of Qinghai Lake, so that you can get ready and avoid feeling sorry when you go to Qinghai Lake. So what's the climate like in Qinghai Lake? What is the geographical environment of Qinghai Lake? Let's look at the introduction first. What's the climate and geographical environment of Qinghai Lake?

What's the climate like in Qinghai Lake?

Qinghai Lake is a plateau continental climate with abundant sunshine and strong sunshine. Leng Xia is cool in winter, with short warm season and long cold season, and there are many strong winds and sandstorms in spring; Less rainfall, rain and heat in the same season, and clear dry and wet seasons.

1, lighting

The sunshine hours in the lake area are mostly more than 3000 hours, which is about 700 hours higher than that in the same latitude area east of Qinghai. The annual sunshine percentage is 68 ~ 69%. The annual total radiation is171.461~106.693 kcal/cm2, which is 10 ~ 40 kcal/cm2 higher than that of North China Plain and Loess Plateau at the same latitude.

2. Temperature

The temperature in the east and south of the lake area is slightly higher, with an annual average temperature of 1. 1 ~ 0.3℃. It is slightly lower in the west and north, with annual average temperature of -0.8 ~ 0.6℃, average maximum temperature of 6.7 ~ 8.7℃, average minimum temperature of -6.7 ~ 4.9℃, extreme maximum temperature of 25℃ and 24.4℃, and extreme minimum temperature of -3 1 ~-33.4℃.

Step 3: Moisture

The annual precipitation in the lake area is less. But the eastern and southern regions are slightly higher than the northern and western regions. The annual precipitation in the eastern region is 4 12.8mm, the southern region is 359.4 mm, the northwest region is 370.3 mm, and the western region is 360.4 mm and 324.5 mm The annual evaporation 1502mm far exceeds the precipitation. The seasonal variation of precipitation in the lake area is great, mostly concentrated in May-September, with the same season of rain and heat.

4. Strong winds and sandstorms

The number of windy and sandstorm days in the lake area is one of the more areas in the province. From February to April every year, it is windy from afternoon to evening, and the northwest wind prevails. Take Gangcha as an example. The gale (≥ 17m/s) has an average of 47.3 days a year, with the maximum in February-April, with an average of 5.9-9.3 days, and the maximum in March 19 days. The average sandstorm over the years is 14 days. Buha estuary, a key protected area-Dorsey north wind in Bird Island area, with the maximum wind force of 9 ~ 10. Because of the high altitude in the lake area, there are many winds in the west of the lake, and the influence of high altitude is great, which is often controlled by the west wind all the year round. The wind speed is the largest in winter and spring, and smaller in summer and autumn. Under the action of wind, the waves are generally 2 ~ 3, and the maximum is 7 ~ 8. The number of days of waves above magnitude 6 is about 40 days a year.

5. Water temperature

The water temperature in Qinghai Lake changes with the seasons. In summer, the temperature of lake water has obvious positive temperature layer phenomenon, and the highest temperature in August is 22.3℃, with an average of 65438 06℃. The lower temperature of water is low, with an average water temperature of 9.5℃ and a minimum of 6℃. In autumn, due to the windy lake area, the lake water is stirred, which makes the phenomenon of water temperature stratification basically disappear.

In winter, the lake surface freezes, and the temperature of the lake surface appears inversion layer. In June+10/October, 5438, the upper temperature of the subglacial lake was -0.9℃, and the bottom temperature was 3.3℃. After thawing in spring, the water temperature of the lake began to rise again, gradually returning to the water temperature in summer and season.

6. Ice situation

The freezing temperature of Qinghai Lake is slightly lower than 0℃ because it contains a small amount of inorganic salts. From mid-October of every year 165438+ 10, the temperature in the lake area drops below 0℃, and the temperature is the lowest in June of the following year, forming a stable ice sheet in the whole lake. The annual average ice closure period is 108 ~ 1 16 days, with the shortest being 76 days and the longest being 65438+. The ice thickness is generally 40 cm, and the maximum ice thickness is 90 cm. After freezing, the ice surface is flat, and cracks and crevices often appear due to the fierce wind. Look at the lakes and mountains in winter, where everything is white. In mid-March, the ice sheet broke and ice floes appeared on the lake. Under the action of the wind, huge icebergs drift to the shore, and the largest iceberg volume is about 10 cubic meter. After mid-April, the ice in the lake completely melted.

Geographical environment of Qinghai Lake

Qinghai Lake is 105km long, 63km wide and 3 196m above sea level. It is the largest inland lake and saltwater lake in China, located in the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the northwest of Xining, between 99 36 ′ ~10016 ′ east longitude and 36 32 ′ north latitude. The lake is surrounded by four towering mountains: Datong Mountain in the north, Sun Moon Mountain in the east, Nanshan Mountain in Qinghai in the south and Rubber Mountain in the west. These four mountains are all between 3600 and 5000 meters above sea level. Qinghai Lake covers an area of 4,456 square kilometers and has a circumference of more than 360 kilometers, which is more than twice that of the famous Taihu Lake. The lake is long from east to west, narrow from north to south and slightly oval. The average horizontal depth of Qinghai Lake is about 2 1 m, the maximum water depth is 32.8 meters, the water storage capacity is 654.38+005 million cubic meters, and the lake surface is 3260 meters above sea level. It's about 200 kilometers from Xining. There are nearly 30 rivers in the lake area. On the east bank of the lake, there are two sub-lakes, one is Gahai, with an area of 48 square kilometers and salt water; An 'erhai Lake, with an area of 8 square kilometers, is fresh water.