There is not much history of the last edo shogunate in Japan.

1603, Tokugawa Ieyasu was appointed as the general to conquer foreigners and established the shogunate in edo. By the time of the third generation general Tokugawa Guang Jia, the shogunate organization had been basically completed. The territory of the shogunate accounts for about 1/4 of the national land, and the rest is owned by Daming (vassal state), which is called vassal state. The general is the supreme ruler of the country. Under him, he decides policies, manages government affairs, and is responsible for controlling the court, name and diplomacy. Daming is the ruler of various vassal States, with family members and seniority. , directly rule the people, and have the administrative, judicial and annual tribute collection rights of the territory. The shogunate set up an envoy to visit the DPRK and an inspector named Yan Fu to supervise the vassal States, and took measures such as taking part in the pilgrimage and changing the name to control the names, but the vassal States still had relative independence. As a result, a political system was formed under the control of General Tokugawa. At the end of 17, due to the development of commodity economy, the wooden model system was in crisis, which was characterized by financial difficulties and frequent peasant uprisings. In order to cope with the crisis, the shogunate carried out reforms from1mid-8th century to11940s, but it didn't work. 1854 after the founding of Japan, the national crisis intensified the crisis of feudalism. Driven by the reformist warriors at the lower level, the powerful princes in the southwest, such as Shama and Changzhou, gradually adopted different policies from the shogunate, colonized and prospered, and resisted foreign enemies. Under the pressure of the peasant uprising at the end of the curtain and the curtain fall movement centered on the powerful princes in southwest China such as Sachang, the 15th generation general Tokugawa Yoshinobu was forced to announce his return to the big government at the end of 1867. 1867 65438+1Feb. 9, 1999, the clique behind the scenes launched an imperial retro coup and announced the abolition of the shogunate system. The newly established Meiji Emperor's government completely defeated the shogunate forces through the Chen Wu War of 1868 ~ 1869. At this point, Japan's feudal shogunate politics ended.

Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543 ~ 16 16)

Founder of the edo shogunate in Japan. The eldest son of Matsuhei Hiroshi, the owner of Okazaki City, Sanhe Kingdom. Since he was 6 years old, he has been hijacked in famous places such as Nobuka and Suruga in Weizhida 12 years. 1560, Imagawa Yoshimoto and Nobunaga fought in a narrow wooden barrel. Imakawa died and Konka returned to Okazaki. 156 1 year formed an alliance with nobunaga ODA, which greatly increased its influence. It began to invade the territory of Ishikawa today, and after passing through the Three Rivers, it suppressed the riots in this area. It is reported that Yuanjiang passed away today. 1566 changed its name to Tokugawa Ieyasu. 1582, Noboru Nagata was killed by his men, and Noboru Nagano, the eldest son of Noboru Nagano, fought Toyotomi Hideyoshi in Xiaomushan. After nearly a year of stalemate, he made peace. 1590, helped Toyotomi Hideyoshi eliminate the Kitajima family, owned eight Kanto states, and moved its capital to Edo City (now Tokyo) according to Toyotomi Hideyoshi's intention. 1July, 598, Xiuji was seriously ill and ordered five elders, including Konka, to follow the principle of * * * and help his heirs show off. After Toyotomi Hideyoshi died in August of the same year, his men split into two armies, the east and the west. 1600 In September, in order to compete for political power, Konka led the Eastern Army and the Western Army headed by Ishida Mitsunari to fight in the official garden, and defeated Chen Feng's Western Army. 1February, 603, served as a foreign general and established a shogunate in edo. Take a long vacation in two years. Zi Xiuzhong followed closely. In 16 14, a crusade against the remnants of the Toyotomi family was launched, and the Toyotomi family was wiped out in two battles in Osaka: winter (16 14) and summer (16 15). 1665438+In March 2006, he became Taisheng Minister, and died in Fujun (now Shizuoka) in April.

During the reign of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the foundation of the Edo shogunate system in Tokugawa, tokugawa era and Japan was basically formed through a series of measures, such as issuing samurai law, establishing pilgrimage system, perfecting shogunate and local famous organizations, establishing recruitment system, and stipulating the authority of emperors, princes and ministers. He also monopolized the right to coin, strengthened the control over farmers, developed domestic trade, developed diplomatic relations, encouraged businessmen to trade with Nanyang, advocated Confucianism, and promoted the development of economy and culture. Catholic priests are allowed to preach under the principle of separation of church and state. After discovering that missionary work involved politics in the late Qing Dynasty, they began to ban missionary work, which became a banned book after his death.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536 ~ 1598)

At the end of the Warring States period, the feudal Lord of Japan succeeded Nobuyoda in the great cause of Japan's reunification. The boy's name is Riji Maru. 1558 is a servant of Nobutaka Oda, known as Ichiro Muxia. He has made meritorious military service and is a general under Nobutaka. 1573 changed its name to Yuchai Xiuji. In the same year, he made great contributions to defeating the Azai Nagamasa River and suppressing the peasant uprising, and gained the territory of Azai Nagamasa, where he became the famous head of a country. 1582, Akechi Mitsuhide forced Nobunaga to death, but led an army to destroy Akechi Mitsuhide and became Nobunaga's successor. 1584, formed an alliance with Tokugawa Ieyasu, and conquered the lords of Shikoku, Kyushu and Aoyu successively after defeating the men of Walk. 1585, the emperor conferred the title (see Guan's political photos), and the following year, he was also a minister, giving Toyotomi's family, living in Osaka, giving orders to the whole country, and gradually pacified Kyushu. 1590, the northeast of Guandong was destroyed and the whole country was unified. The following year, Guan Bai was appointed as his adopted son, Hidetsugu, who called himself Tai Caliso.

After the initial national reunification, Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded North Korea twice at 1592 and 1597, and even captured Busan, Seoul, Pyongyang and other important places. Later, due to the resistance of Korean soldiers and civilians and the support of Ming Dynasty in China, it was defeated. 1598, died of anxiety because he failed to achieve his goal in the war of aggression against Korea.

The unification of Toyotomi Hideyoshi laid the foundation for Tokugawa Ieyasu to establish the rule system of the Edo shogunate (see shogunate politics). Besides martial arts, he also devoted himself to establishing a new feudal system. Implement the policy of scholars, peasants, artisans and businessmen, that is, strictly divide the class boundaries of warriors, peasants, craftsmen and businessmen, and each has his own residence and must not be confused. And establish a new feudal master-slave relationship in the form of distributing land to subordinates. Implement land clearing and unified land system throughout the country. To establish the owners and cultivators of land, the principle is that one side of cultivated land belongs to the other side of cultivated land, and all farmers registered in land accounts are collectively referred to as the people, and the people pay tribute every year, forming a small-scale peasant management form dominated by paternalism. It is also established that two-thirds of the land harvest is annual tribute, and 1/3 belongs to the tiller. Reward emerging industry and commerce and promote urban development. 1588 ordered the nationwide collection of civilian weapons to prevent peasant uprisings. The segregation system between soldiers and farmers has been consolidated, so soldiers live in cities. Religiously, protecting Buddhist monasteries, suppressing the spread of Catholicism and persecuting Spanish missionaries set a precedent for banning religion and locking up the country in the future.

Nobunaga Oda (1534 ~ 1582)

The feudal lords of Japan from the Warring States to Antu Taoshan. His father, Oda Nobuhide, is the paternal guardian of Daitian, the guardian of the four counties at the end of the country. 155 1 inherited his father's career and became a famous Wei Lord a few years later. 1562 formed an alliance with Sanhe Tokugawa Ieyasu, which relieved its worries about going west. 1567' s system of "there are weapons in the world" shows its ambition to unify Japan. 1568, Ashikaga Yoshiaki was appointed as the first15th generation general of Muromachi shogunate, holding real power. 1June 570, after the rebellion of Azai Nagamasa in Linjiang, he led troops into Beijing, pretending to be imperial power and giving orders to heroes. The famous generals from all over the country took the general as the center and formed a joint force against Nobunaga. Nobunaga exiled Zhao Yi in 1573, and brutally suppressed the riots he had been committing, becoming the overlord of central Japan. 1576 moved into the newly-built Antu city (in today's Shiga county). 1582, in order to support the westward expedition to m ritermoto (1553 ~1625), Toyotomi Hideyoshi made a stopover from Antu city in Kyoto. On June 2nd, he was suddenly attacked by Akechi Mitsuhide's Ministry and committed suicide (the change of Benneng Temple).

During the reign of Nobutaka Hosoda, he encouraged free trade. Crack down on temple forces and allow Catholicism to spread, so as to oppose corrupt Buddhist monks. The implementation of the new big-name Lord system and the transformation of the old samurai army by western firearms tactics have separated the samurai from agriculture, opening the way for eliminating feudal separatism and establishing a centralized feudal system.