Translation of Common Sense in Wang Wan's Literature

Wang Wan (AD 693 ~75 1), as a northern poet in the early years of Kaiyuan, traveled in the middle of the century, fascinated by the beautiful landscapes in the south of the Yangtze River, and influenced by the delicate poetic style of Wuzhong poets at that time, wrote some works praising the landscapes in the south of the Yangtze River, among which "Park on the North Fort Mountain" is the most famous. In particular, the two sentences "..." Out of the sea of the sun tonight, the old year turned into a clear spring "were highly appreciated by the then Prime Minister Zhang, who personally hung them in the Prime Minister's Hall and became a model for scholars to learn. Therefore, the magnificent images expressed in these two poems had an important influence on the poetic circles in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Until the end of the Tang Dynasty, the poet Zheng Gu said, "Things have changed, and the old year has melted into the clear spring.

brief introduction

Wang Wan (AD 693 ~75 1): German, born in Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan), was a writer and historian in the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Emperor Xuanzong's birth in Tang Dynasty (7 12), he was admitted to the Jinshi examination, awarded Xingyang County Master Book and transferred to Luoyang. In the fifth year of Kaiyuan (7 17), Ma Huai Su was selected as a member of Zhaowen Museum. Ma Huai Su died, and Yuan Xing replaced Ma Huai Su. Please sort out the ancient and modern bibliographies in the above table and name them "Book Group Catalogue". Under the unified management of,, Yu Qin, Yin Jianyou and other divisions, he and Liu jointly managed the collection of books, which lasted for five years and became the group's four books with 200 volumes. After proofreading the map books of Neifu, I edited the books of the Academy together with Lu. He did a lot of collating work on the poetry collections after Liang Qi in the Southern Dynasties. After the book was finished, he was awarded the captain of Luoyang for his work. In the seventeenth year of Kaiyuan, he wrote poems to Xiao Song and Pei Guangting, then prime ministers, and later died. Ci Han has been written for a long time, wandering between Wu Chu, but unfortunately there are not many posthumous works. Its sentence "... the night now gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts into new things" is called the most at that time. Literary historians call it a "high-altitude scene with mixed scenes", which is a masterpiece. [1] His deeds are described in detail in Biography of Talented Persons in the Tang Dynasty. There are 65,438+00 poems that made Wang Wan. The most famous one is "A Mooring under the Mountain of Beibao", which has been selected into several versions of junior middle school Chinese textbooks and is deeply loved by readers. He's national title is "Jiangnan Yi", and his words are quite different. This poem was written by Wang Wan when he visited Jiangnan in the year before or in the early years of Kaiyuan. Its magnificent style and broad artistic conception indicate the prospect of the healthy development of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. It is said that during the Kaiyuan period, Prime Minister Zhang said in the government affairs hall that he wrote this poem by himself, saying that "every time you show your talents, you can write it in a letter." . In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin thought that the poem "Night now gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness" was the symbol (poem) that distinguished the prosperous Tang Dynasty from the early and middle Tang Dynasties. It can be seen that this poem received extensive attention at that time and later generations. His poems, all the Tang poems, are included.

2. Acknowledge the common sense of translating China's books into literature.

Different meanings in ancient and modern times ① Four seasons are ready (ancient meaning: seasonal present meaning: time) ② Fog will stop (ancient meaning: dissipating present meaning: resting) ③ Dusk is about to fall (ancient meaning: falling present meaning: depressed and frustrated) ④ Talking about ancient times (talking about ancient meaning: praising present meaning: talking about) is ambiguous.

Translation:

The magnificence of mountains and rivers has been shared by people since ancient times. The peaks here go straight into the sky, the clear streams are crystal clear, and the cliffs on both sides of the river complement each other in the sun. Cang Lin Cui Zhu, evergreen all the year round. Every morning, the night fog will die, and apes can be heard whistling and birds singing; Every evening, when the sun sets, you can see fish jumping in the water. This is really a fairyland on earth! Kasper? Lingyun, no one can stay in this beautiful landscape.

3. Acknowledge the translation of China's books and literary knowledge.

Translation:

The beauty of mountains and rivers has been appreciated and respected by literati since ancient times. Towering peaks soar into the clouds, and clear streams are crystal clear. The stone walls on both sides of the strait are colorful and complement each other.

Lush trees and green bamboo exist all year round. When the morning mist was about to dissipate, there were songs of apes and birds. When the sun is about to set.

The fish swimming in the water scrambled to jump out of the water. This is really a fairyland on earth. In Lingyun, Kasper? in the Southern Dynasties, no one has been able to enjoy this wonderful scenery.

Common sense of literature:

Thank-You Letter is a letter written by Tao Hongjing, a writer in the Southern Dynasties, to his friend Xie Zhongshu. The article begins with emotion: the beauty of mountains and rivers has existed since ancient times. It is a great pleasure for people with elegant taste to taste the beauty of mountains and rivers and communicate their inner feelings with friends.

It embodies the author's landscape view of entertaining and entertaining. The author regards Xie Zhongshu as a friend who can talk about mountains and water, and expects to make a comparison with Lin Shi through the ages. This article praises the beauty of the south of the Yangtze River, with mountains and rivers in pen cages, four seasons in paper and beautiful words, which can be called a masterpiece of landscape sketches in the Six Dynasties.

Original text:

Admit China's book

Southern and Northern Dynasties: Tao Hongjing

The beauty of mountains and rivers has existed since ancient times. The mountain peaks soar into the sky and the streams are crystal clear. The stone walls on both sides are colorful and set each other off. Green Woods, green bamboo clusters, four. The morning mist will rest, and apes and birds will sing; Night is coming and the scales are sinking. This is really a fairyland on earth. Lingyun in Kasper? in the Southern Dynasties, so far no one can appreciate its wonders.

Extended data:

Creative background:

Appreciation Book was written by Tao Hongjing in his later years. Xie Zhongshu (Xie Wei) and Tao Hongjing both died in 536 AD (the second year of Datong in Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasty).

Xie Wei became a calligrapher in China in 526 (the seventh year of Liang Tong) and Lang in 532 (the fourth year of Datong), both after Tao Hongjing was seventy years old.

Appreciate:

Throughout the text, the language is concise. Every word of it is an important part of the article. One less word is taken out of context, and one more word is redundant. A scene, just four words, is described properly and with relish.

Very clear, very clear, in a word, no more, no less. "The sky will fall" is inevitable. "Squatting and jumping", the change is sudden. The analysis article is ingenious in structure, miscellaneous but not chaotic, and orderly combined.

The article "Thanks to China" embodies the author's lofty idea of entertaining landscapes. The Northern and Southern Dynasties were the darkest period in China's history. Because of sharp contradictions and extremely turbulent political situation, many literati often hide in the mountains.

In order to seek spiritual comfort and relief from natural beauty, they often describe mountains and rivers in their letters to show their love, thus serving as greetings and comfort to their friends.

Although these works do not show many positive and progressive political views, they have created literary masterpieces with high aesthetic value with their superb artistic brushwork, which still has high appreciation significance.

The author introduces:

Tao Hongjing (456-536), born in Liling, Danyang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) in the Southern Dynasties, was named Huayang, a Taoist thinker, physician, alchemist and writer at the time of Qi and Liang Dynasties.

He was also one of the representatives of Maoshan Taoism during the Southern Qi and Southern Liang Dynasties. Liang Wudi often asks him about major events in North Korea in the form of letters, so he is called "the prime minister in the mountains".

His thought was born out of Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophy and Ge Hong's immortal Taoism, which combined the views of Confucianism and Buddhism, and studied calendar, geography, medicine and chemistry to some extent. He compiled the ancient Shennong White Grass Classic and supplemented the new drugs used by famous doctors in Wei and Jin Dynasties.

It became an annotated collection of materia medica classics, creating a classification method of drugs that is still in use today. In addition, he also wrote Gao Zhen, Ye Tu of Lingzhen, Tao's Recipe, Buque Houbai, Tao's Herbal Medicine for Seclusion, Medical Recipe and so on.

4. "Jiangnan" Han Yuefu, literary knowledge, interpretation, poetry translation, appreciation, general poetry

south of the Yangtze River

Western Han Dynasty and Eastern Han Dynasty

anonymous

Jiangnan can pick lotus, lotus leaves, and fish play between them.

Fish hits the lotus leaf east, fish hits the lotus leaf west, fish hits the lotus leaf south, and fish hits the lotus leaf north.

Translation:

It's the season suitable for picking lotus in the south of the Yangtze River. Lotus leaves surfaced, squeezed, overlapped and fluttered with the wind. Beneath the thick lotus leaves, cheerful fish are constantly playing.

I stayed here for a while, and then I suddenly swam there. I don't know whether it is in the east, west, south or north.

Precautions:

Han Yuefu: It was originally the official music department in the early Han Dynasty, and later it specifically refers to Yuefu poems in the Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty, there was an official of Yuefu, and there was probably Yuefu at that time. During Liang Wudi's period, Yuefu was expanded to become a special official position, in charge of music during suburban sacrifices, itineraries, court meetings and banquets, and was also responsible for collecting folk songs for rulers to observe customs and habits and understand the thickness of people's feelings. These ballads and other poems written by Yuefu are called Yuefu poems by later generations.

Tian Tian: Lotus leaves are very lush.

Ke: It means "appropriate" and "just right" here.

Mr Hu: How?

Tian Tian: Lotus leaves are closely linked.

Appreciate:

This is a lotus picking song, which reflects the scene of lotus picking and the happy mood of lotus pickers. It has a unique flavor in the folk songs of Han Yuefu.

Folk songs draw a beautiful picture with concise and lively language, repetitive tone, beautiful and meaningful artistic conception and fresh and lively style. The endless green lotus leaves, the fish playing freely and happily under the lotus leaves, and the laughter and laughter of strong men, handsome men and beautiful women picking lotus on the boat cutting the lotus pond on the water, the sweet voice, what a beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River! What a quiet and vivid scene! From a cultural point of view, we will find that this is a love song, which implies that young men and women play with each other and pursue love. Look at those fish, swimming around and hiding between lotus leaves. How can you not think of the "big girl walking into the green tent" in the north?

After reading this, it seems that a fresh summer is coming, and it is refreshing to think about it. Not only that, we felt the poet's peaceful feelings and our mood became relaxed.

There is not a word about people in the poem, but we seem to hear their voices, see their people, feel a vibrant youth and vitality, feel the inner joy of lotus pickers, and feel the joy and sweetness between young men and women. This is the immortal charm of this folk song.

5. Literary common sense and the translation of two mid-term lines in Shi Shuo Xin Yu

Chen Taiqiu went out with friends. The appointed time was noon, but it was already noon. Taiqiu left by herself before her friends came. No sooner had Qiu left than his friend arrived. Qiu's son, Fiona Fang, is seven years old and playing outside the door. The guest asked Fiona Fang, "Is your father there?" Fiona Fang replied, "He had already left when you didn't come." The friend was furious and said, "What a man! I asked someone out, but now I'm gone. " Fiona Fang said, "You made an appointment with my father at noon, but you didn't come at noon. This is bad faith and it is impolite to scold my father's son. "My friend was ashamed and got off to pull Fiona Fang to show his closeness. Fiona Fang walked into the house and ignored him.

Keep your word and be polite to people.

6. Translation and literary knowledge of Peach Blossom Garden

Translation:

In the first year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a Wuling man who took fishing as his profession. One day, he rowed along the stream and forgot the distance. Suddenly I met a peach blossom forest with peach trees on both sides of a stream hundreds of miles away. There are no other trees in the middle, and the herbs on the ground are bright and beautiful, with many fallen petals. The fisherman was surprised at the beautiful scenery. Go further and want to walk through Taolin.

Taolin disappeared where the stream originated, and then I saw a mountain with a small hole, which seemed to have light. The fisherman put down the boat and got in through the hole. At first, the hole was very narrow, and only one person could pass through. After dozens of trips, it suddenly became open and bright. The land here is flat and open, with neat houses, fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo. The path in the field is intertwined, and the crowing of chickens and dogs can be heard from village to village. People there come and go to farm and work, and men and women dress exactly like the world outside the Peach Blossom Garden. Old people and children are carefree, happy and happy.

People in Taoyuan were surprised to see the fisherman and asked him where he came from. The fisherman gave him a detailed answer. He invited fishermen to his home and cooked them with wine to kill chickens. When people in the village heard that there was such a person, they all came to inquire about the news. They themselves said that the ancestors of the previous generation came to this isolated place with their wives, children and fellow villagers to avoid the disaster in the Qin Dynasty, and never went out from here again, so they were isolated from the world outside the Peach Blossom Garden. They asked what dynasty it was, but they didn't know there was a Han dynasty, let alone Wei and Jin dynasties. The fisherman told them everything he knew in detail, and those people all sighed and regretted it. Others invited fishermen to their homes, and all took out wine and rice to entertain them. The fisherman stayed for a few days and then left. People here told him that the situation here was not worth telling the world outside the Peach Blossom Garden.

After the fisherman came out, he found his boat and went back along the old road, marking everywhere along the way. Back in the county, I visited the satrap and reported the situation. The satrap immediately sent someone to follow him, looking for the mark he had made before, but he lost his way and didn't find the original road again.

Nanyang Liu Ziji, a noble celebrity, heard the news and happily planned to go. Didn't come true, and soon died of illness. There were no visitors after that.

Common sense of literature:

Taohuayuan [Eastern Jin Dynasty] Tao Yuanming

Tao Yuanming (365-427), a native of Chaisang, Xunyang, Eastern Jin Dynasty, was famous for his bright writing. He is known as Mr. Jing Jie in the world and calls himself Mr. Wu Liu, a famous poet. China's first pastoral poet. There is also a recluse poet, and Mr. Jing Jie evaluates him. Later generations called him "the ancestor of the eternal pastoral, the eternal hermit"

Peach Blossom Garden is one of Tao Yuanming's representative works. It was written in the second year of Yongchu (42 1), which was the second year of the usurpation of the throne by Emperor Wu of the Southern Dynasties. At this time, the author has retired to the countryside 16 years. Tao Yuanming had the ambition of "helping the poor" when he was young. However, he lived in an era of changes in Jin and Song Dynasties. The Eastern Jin Dynasty was extremely corrupt, surrendered to the outside world and settled in a corner of the rivers and lakes. The life of the ruling group is dissolute, civil strife continues, warlords have been fighting for years, and exorbitant taxes and levies have deepened the exploitation and oppression of the people. In the turbulent era when the country was on the verge of collapse, Tao Yuanming's ambition could not be realized at all. At the same time, the Eastern Jin Dynasty inherited the old system, implemented the door-door system, and protected the aristocratic bureaucratic privileges of aristocratic gentry, resulting in intellectuals from small and medium-sized landlords having no chance to display their talents. A poor man like Tao Yuanming, whose ancestors and fathers only held first-class official positions, had a premature decline in his family. Of course, he was "ambitious and dedicated." In addition, his personality is honest and frank, honest and honest, and he doesn't want to grovel and cling to the powerful, so he has a sharp contradiction with the dirty and dark real society and has a feeling of being out of place. In the first year of Yixi (405), he hastily and resolutely resigned from the Pengze county magistrate, who was only in office for 8 1 day, and finally got rid of the ruler, lived in seclusion for a long time and plowed in the wild.

Although he is biased from a distance, he still cares about state affairs. In June of the second year of Yuanxi, Emperor Wu of Song abolished Gong Jin as the king of Lingling and changed his country name to "Yongchu". In the second year, Emperor Wu of Song plotted to kill Gong Jin with poisoned wine. These can't help but cause waves in Tao Yuanming's thoughts. Starting from the inherent Confucian concept, he became dissatisfied with Emperor Wu of Song's regime and deepened his hatred of the real society. But he can't change or interfere with this situation, so he has to express his feelings with the help of creation, and create a beautiful realm opposite to the dirty and dark society, in order to entrust his political ideals and good interests. The Peach Blossom Garden was produced under such a background.

7. Wang Wan's translation and evaluation.

A berth at the foot of Gubei Mountain.

Wangwan

Under the blue mountain, my boat and I meandered along the green water.

Until the river bank widens at low tide, and no wind blows my lonely sail.

... night gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness.

I can finally send my messenger, the wild goose, back to Luoyang.

Time flies like water, homesickness like a song.

—— Appreciation of Wang Wan's "A Berth under the Mountain of Beibao"

Wang Wan is from Luoyang. In 7 12 AD, he was a scholar, and the following year (the first year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty), he visited Liang Wudi. He went south from Luoyang along the canal to Guazhou, then crossed the Yangtze River by boat, arrived at Jingkou (now the location of Beigushan Mountain in Zhenjiang), and then went east to Suzhou. This poem should have been written at this time.

"Under the blue mountain, my boat and I meandered along the green water." The mountain is green, the water is green and the weather is warm. Wandering wanderers have set foot on the road away from the green hills, and boats carrying returning guests have begun to March on the green water like green grass. The poet started with a plain pen, just like the background color laid on the paper before the painter painted, creating a space for lyrical expression.

"Until the ebb tide, the river bank widened, and there was no wind blowing my lonely sail." The snow has slowly melted, and the water volume of the Yangtze River has gradually increased because of the collection of Qianshan meltwater, and the river surface has become wider and wider. In addition, a sail hangs high in the middle of the river, which makes the distance between the two sides of the Yangtze River even wider. The combination of the rising river and the right positive wind can create a "no wind to stir the lonely sail" and outline a magnificent navigation chart of the great river.

"... the night now gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness. "Beigushan is the middle section of the Yangtze River. The early poet lifted his eyes and looked east, only to see the color of the river. A red sun rose slowly from the horizon where the east meets the river and the sea. Looking back at the west, he saw that the night on the canopy in the west had not completely faded. It has been two years overnight, and the rising sea in the morning indicates the beginning of a new year. Spring has been unable to restrain its own pace, quietly crossing the river to the north and entering the old year. The choice of "life" and "entry" vividly depicts a spectacular scene of day and night alternation and connects the old and the new, opening up an infinite space for free imagination. The poet sneaked homesickness into this "sea, sun and Jiang Chun", and when the old and the new were connected day and night, people naturally sprouted homesickness.

"I can finally send my messenger, Wild Goose, back to Luoyang." Looking at the "flat tide, hanging sails, clear sea and Jiang Chun" in front of me, the poet couldn't help but have a beautiful idea: I want to write a letter to let Hongyan, who has returned to the north, bring it to Luoyang's family and let them know my feelings here and now. Tail couplet not only takes care of the first couplet, but also makes the objective scenery in the poem full of human touch. The original natural scenery has human spirituality and tells people the beautiful feelings and wishes in the poet's heart.

If the mandibular joint starts from the scenery, the neck joint is triggered by formal beauty; Then it can be said that the neck joint is expanded from the induction of heaven and man, and the mandibular joint is taken care of with spiritual beauty. After Wang Wan, Prime Minister Zhang said, "The meaning of writing" ... night gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in the fresh air. It may not be a purely artistic problem for people to study hard in the office hall. Prime Minister Zhang paid more attention to the life bearing and mind expressed in this poem.

8. Translation and appreciation of Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night plus literary knowledge.

Rain seems to know people's minds and comes quietly when it is most needed.

When it needs to rain in spring, it naturally comes in time.

With the gentle wind blowing quietly at night,

Moisten everything gently and silently.

It was dark in the wild, only a little fishing fire was looming.

By dawn, Jinguan City should be colorful! This poem was written in the spring of 76 1 year (last year). After a period of exile, Du Fu finally settled in Chengdu, Sichuan due to the drought in Shaanxi, and began a relatively stable life in Shu. When writing this poem, he had lived in Chengdu Caotang for two years. He cultivates himself, grows vegetables and flowers, and interacts with farmers. He has deep feelings for the spring rain, so he wrote this poem "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night", which describes the beauty of the spring rain, moistens everything, and expresses the poet's love and praise for its selfless dedication. The whole poem reads: "Good rain knows the season, when spring comes. Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently. The wild path is dark, and the river is bright. Xiao Jian Jiang is wet, and Jinguan City is heavy. " One or two words of "good" are affectionate and praise the spring rain. "Knowing the season" endows Spring Rain with human life and emotion. In my opinion, the spring rain is considerate and knows the season, and it floats around when people are in urgent need, prompting the opportunity. What a good spring rain! The first couplet not only expresses the "occurrence" of the spring rain, but also implicitly conveys the author's anxious mood of eagerly looking forward to the arrival of the spring rain. Couplets are obviously the poet's auditory feelings. Spring rain has come, coming with the wind in the boundless night, quietly moistening everything, without any intention of seeking "goodness", just seeking dedication. . . Enjoy the link.