How was Saihanba in Hebei cast?

In the past 50 or 50 years, several generations of forest farmers in Saihanba Forest Farm in Hebei Province have created the largest plantation in the world under extremely harsh natural conditions and working and living environment. 1120,000 mu of forest can circle the equator12 if arranged at a distance of one meter. Saihanba has changed from a long yellow sand with sparse trees to a tree-lined and beautiful scenery.

Fifty or fifty-five years later, Saihanba people planted trees one by one in poor soil and nailed them firmly to the ground. They planted green wasteland for a long time, and wrote this green legend with their fine style of hard work, scientific and realistic rigorous attitude and perseverance. Saihanba, which was once "high, far and cold", has now become a "green, beautiful and fragrant" emerald in North China.

"At that time, it was often windy and sandy. When I was older, I couldn't see the opposite person. There is no such windy day now. Living in a house with three bedrooms and one living room, dancing, singing, playing Tai Ji Chuan and gateball every day. There is a reward for paying, and we are enjoying it now! " Pan, an 80-year-old retired worker from Saihanba Forest Farm, told reporters cheerfully.

From 65438 to 0969, Pan came to Daqiu Forest Farm in Saihanba to raise seedlings in the nursery. Seedling raising needs to dig out feces and fertilize seedlings. Without saying anything, the handsome young Pan Xiawen jumped out of the cesspit and scooped it out one by one. At noon, my husband made delicious noodles, and Pan, who was hungry, picked up the bowl, but he couldn't eat it, and his face was full of tears. Without moving a bite, I continued to work in the afternoon.

Later, she got used to it, taking care of dung and eating rice. "Sometimes I'm too busy to go back after 10 at night, and I'm too tired. When I was eating, people fell asleep, and the dishes fell to the ground with a thud ... "Sometimes, the younger son would go barefoot to the nursery to find his mother. Pan is afraid of children stepping on seedlings, and always rushes them home at once, and never forgets to say "lock the door at home". The harsh natural environment and hard working and living conditions are the difficulties that entrepreneurs in Saihanba Forest Farm must overcome.

1962, the former forestry department transferred 127 graduates from 24 universities across the country to form Saihanba mechanical forest farm with 242 local cadres and workers in Chengde, Hebei Province, and marched into wasteland and sandy land. In September, Yin Guizhi, aged 18, was sitting in a Jiefang truck on the way from Weichang County, Chengde to Saihanba, and was very excited at the thought of "going to the place where the motherland needs it most soon".

The road is bumpy and the young team sings all the way. At the moment of getting off the bus, Yin Guizhi and his party were completely "stunned": there was no dormitory, weeds half a person high everywhere, a small broken house alone, and there was no bed. In September, Saihanba entered the winter and the temperature began to drop rapidly. The annual average temperature here is-1.2 degrees Celsius, the lowest temperature is -43 degrees Celsius, and the winter is very cold. Go straight to the neckline and trouser legs with the "white hair wind" of snowflakes.

Yin Guizhi and several women workers brought hay, built a nest in a small shack, and quickly pasted the windows. Many people can only live in sheepfolds and stables, while others build huts and shacks with stones and straw. It is windy and snowy outside, and there is often a layer of ice in the house. The temperature is almost MINUS 40 degrees Celsius, and the burning stove has no warm feeling at all. "Several women workers sleeping in bunk beds huddled together, put on fur hats and wrapped themselves as tightly as possible." Yin Guizhi said. Sometimes, the snow is 3 feet thick, so we can't push the door open and have to jump out the back window. In the nursery, Yin Guizhi and his colleagues insisted on working in the mire despite the cold wind and swollen hands and cracked mouths. They sit for a day, and each person chooses tens of thousands of seedlings every day.

"When I call it a day, my legs don't work, I can't stand up, and my waist can't stand up. It seems that the whole person was frozen and it took a long time to move. But everyone's heart is full of enthusiasm: we must raise the saplings and build the forest! " Yin Guizhi said. Zhao Zhenyu, a graduate of Chengde Agricultural College, also came to Saihanba on 1962. As a construction worker, Zhao Zhenyu patrols the mountains and walks for dozens of kilometers every day. Sometimes when I come back at night, my cotton-padded clothes are frozen into ice armor, and my cotton-padded shoes are frozen into roller skates, making a loud noise when I walk. "Night is the hardest, the bed has become an ice nest, how to sleep? Some people throw bricks and stones into the fire, burn them for a while, and then move to the bed. " Zhao Zhenyu said.

Food is scarce, so people can only eat rough whole bran black oat flour. Vegetables are in short supply, and when the weather is good, people will dig some wild vegetables to eat. Soaking soybeans in salt water is a rare delicacy in Saihanba. In order to fundamentally solve the food problem, entrepreneurs farm, plant trees, grow grain and stand on their own feet.

Due to the long time and high cost of the dam, the medical and health facilities here are seriously inadequate, and early entrepreneurs usually "carry" when they are unwell. When they couldn't carry it, they got off the dam by car and went to the county town near 100 km for medical treatment. Many people suffer from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, arthritis and rheumatism under hard working and living conditions. Nowadays, the wasteland has turned green, sandstorms have become smaller and life has improved. Looking back on the past, Saihanba people are sincerely gratified: the bitterness of eating at the beginning has become the sweetness of today.

Due to the lack of afforestation experience in cold and high altitude areas, entrepreneurs planted 1000 mu of saplings in the spring of 1962, but in autumn, the survival rate was less than 5%. Don't be discouraged, keep trying. 1963 was planted again in the spring, but the survival rate was still less than 8%. The two failures that followed, like two pots of ice water, were poured on the heads of entrepreneurs. There is a "dismounting wind" in Saihanba Forest Farm, which has just been launched, and afforestation is at a critical juncture of life and death.

At the critical moment, four battlefield leaders, Wang Shanghai, Liu, and Zhang Qi 'en, moved their families from Beijing, Chengdu, and paddock to Saihanba, making up their minds and reassuring people. After learning the lesson of failure, they quickly found out the reason: foreign seedlings are prone to dehydration and fever during transportation and cannot adapt to the windy, dry and unusually cold climate in Saihanba.

Then start from scratch and raise your own seedlings. After hard exploration, they improved the traditional shading seedling raising method, achieved full-light seedling raising success in plateau area for the first time, and explored the technical essentials of cultivating high-quality strong seedlings with "big beard and strong roots (strong seedlings)", which greatly increased the number of seedlings and seedlings, and finally solved the problem of seedling supply for large-scale afforestation.

In terms of seedling planting, Saihanba people have overcome a lot of technical problems through continuous research and practice, improved Soviet afforestation machinery and seedling planting shovel, and innovated seedling planting methods. How can you defeat Saihanba people after two failures? 1964, the horn of afforestation in spring blew again. Wang Shanghai, the old secretary, led the workers to launch the "horseshoe pit afforestation conference war" in a place surrounded by mountains on three sides After more than 30 days, afforestation was 5 16 mu, and the survival rate reached over 90%.

The confidence of Saihanba people was greatly boosted, and the "dismounting wind" disappeared. This campaign has created a successful precedent for planting larch in alpine areas, and also created a successful precedent for mechanically planting conifers in China. It was then that Saihanba started the era of large-scale afforestation. At most, more than 2000 mu of trees are planted every day. In the case of lack of equipment and bad weather, the whole audience United to plant green wasteland, and by 1976, the accumulated afforestation was 690,000 mu. However, just as the Saihanba people were preparing for a big fight, disaster came to this vicissitudes of land.

During the period of 1977, the forest farm encountered a "snowstorm" which is rare in history. 570,000 mu of forest land was affected, 200,000 mu of trees were bent and broken overnight, and more than half of the labor achievements of forest farm 10 were lost. 1980, the forest farm suffered another severe drought for three months, resulting in the death of 126 thousand mu of trees. At that time, many Saihanba people looked at the trees they planted with their own hands and the trees they worked so hard to cultivate, and they burst into tears! Dry your tears and cheer up. Saihanba people summed up the experience and lessons, introduced new tree species, studied and popularized drought-resistant afforestation techniques, and replanted the hoped saplings on the earth. Difficulties and hardships, Yucheng. During the 20 years from 1962 to 1982, Saihanba people planted 960,000 mu in sandy wasteland, including 0.5 million mu of mechanical afforestation and 855,000 mu of artificial afforestation, with a preservation rate of 70%, which was the highest in similar areas in China at that time.

Since 20 1 1, Saihanba Forest Farm has carried out afforestation in rocky mountains, barren hills and sandy land with poor soil. Soil preparation, foreign soil backfilling, container seedling afforestation, watering, soil covering and wind protection, film mulching and water conservation, fencing ... Up to now, more than 70,000 mu of afforestation has been completed. "In the past five years, forest farms have paid more and more attention to afforestation," said Fan Dongdong, deputy section chief of the Forestry Department of Saihanba Forest Farm. "The cost of afforestation is relatively high, and an acre of land is about 1.200 yuan. At present, the state subsidy is one mu of 500 yuan, and the rest needs to be raised by the forest farm itself. The forest farm is a balanced distribution institution, but we still try our best to raise funds to build this forest! "

"When I first arrived here, I felt very desolate, and it was very cold in winter, which was very different from my hometown." From 65438 to 0984, Liu Haiying, a graduate of Hebei Forestry College 19, came to Saihanba and became the second generation technician of grass-roots forest farm. He is from Qinhuangdao, Hebei province, and he found it a bit difficult to adapt at first. Living in a shed, drinking snow water, eating pickles and eating cold rice, in a difficult environment, the exemplary strength and hands-on mentoring of "Old Bashang" kept him going.

Soon, Liu Haiying found that the stems of spruce seedlings in the nursery turned white inexplicably. "These young potential customers may be dead." Some people think that. However, after analysis, Liu Haiying judged that the albinism of seedlings was only a manifestation of "physiological drought", not really illness and death. After timely hydration, the young seeds really live.

Saihanba people, who are one step ahead in ecological restoration and protection, continue to plant trees, protect forests and manage forests. The forest area is getting bigger and bigger, the forest quality is getting better and better, and the ecological environment has undergone earth-shaking changes.

Saihanba, the "Jade of North China", has brought great ecological, economic and social benefits.

Protecting the ecological environment is beneficial to the present and the future. In the future, the largest plantation in the world will create more ecological welfare and green welfare for people.