What are the main features of the troposphere?

The main features of the troposphere are:

1, the temperature decreases with height.

2. Regular vertical convection and irregular turbulence have a strong influence.

3. The horizontal distribution of meteorological elements is uneven.

4. Both cloud precipitation and violent storms occur in this layer, which is called "weather layer".

In the troposphere, the temperature decreases with the elevation, with an average increase of 100 m, and the temperature decreases by about 0.65℃. The reason why the temperature decreases with the increase of altitude is that the main heat source of troposphere atmosphere is ground long-wave radiation. The higher off the ground, the less heated and the lower the temperature. However, under certain conditions, the temperature in the troposphere will also increase with the increase of height, which is the so-called "inversion phenomenon".

Due to the great influence of the surface, the horizontal distribution of meteorological elements (temperature, humidity, etc.). ) uneven. The regular vertical movement of air and the irregular turbulence are quite intense. The water vapor, dust and heat in the upper and lower layers are exchanged and mixed. Because more than 90% of water vapor is concentrated in the troposphere, many weather phenomena such as clouds, fog, rain and snow occur in the troposphere.

Extended data

In the troposphere, according to the distribution characteristics of airflow and weather phenomena, it can be divided into low layer, middle layer and high layer.

1. Lower layer: The lower layer is also called disturbance layer or friction layer. It generally ranges from the ground to a height of 2 kilometers. With the difference of seasons and days and nights, there are some changes in the scope of the lower layer, which is generally higher in summer than in winter and higher in day than at night. In this layer, the airflow is greatly influenced by ground friction, and the turbulent exchange is particularly strong. Usually with the increase of height, the wind speed increases and the wind direction deflects.

2. Intermediate layer: the bottom boundary of the intermediate layer is at the top of the friction layer, and the height of the upper layer is about 6 kilometers. The influence of the ground is much less than that of the friction layer, and the airflow can basically represent the air movement trend of the whole troposphere. Most of the clouds and precipitation in the atmosphere are generated in this layer.

3. Upper layer: The upper layer extends from a height of 6 kilometers to the tropopause. This layer is less affected by the ground, the temperature is below 0℃ all the year round, the water vapor content is less, and all kinds of clouds are composed of ice crystals and supercooled water droplets. In mid-latitude and tropical areas, strong wind belts with wind speed equal to or greater than 30m/s often appear in this layer, which is called jet stream.

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