Notes on young werther.

The Trouble of Young Werther is an epistolary novel, which begins with a letter written by Werther to his friend William. The author Goethe is very good at describing the inner feelings of the characters, and the whole novel is similar to the confessions of the characters.

The first part of the novel: Victor comes to Volhejm, which he calls "heaven". The author praised the natural scenery in poetic language. He said, "I don't know if there are confused elves wandering around this place, or if my warm and wonderful whimsy makes everything around me as beautiful as the Garden of Eden." In addition to the beautiful spring scenery in Volhejm that warmed Victor's heart, the local underclass, the young maid by the well, the innkeeper, the children under the bodhi tree, the young women hanging baskets, and the young farmers who love widows all became the objects of Victor's observation and praise. He said, "such people live happily and peacefully in their narrow life circle." "Whenever I am in a bad mood, I will calm down when I see them." It can be said that the beautiful natural scenery and simple folk customs in the countryside are the good medicine to treat Victor's mind.

The second part of the novel: Victor goes to a country dance and meets Charlotte. Victor fell in love with Charlotte at first sight when he met her at the manor. He said, "My whole soul is lost in her appearance, tone and manner. I didn't have time to recover from my surprise until she went to the room to get gloves and fans. " In the conversation in the carriage, Charlotte's unique insight surprised Genvite. He said, "Her vivid lips and bright cheeks attracted my whole soul. I was completely attracted by the incisive details in her words, and often I didn't even hear the words she used. " Victor and Charlotte danced a waltz at the dance. He said: "I hold the most lovely creation in my arms, and I fly her around like a breeze, and everything around me disappears." . The dance is not over yet, because the weather is bad, thunder and lightning, and the guests are left behind. Charlotte suggested that everyone play the game of "counting". Anyone who counts slowly or wrongly will be slapped. Victor was slapped twice. He said, "I found that the two slaps she gave me were heavier than those given to others. I am so happy! " "At this point, Victor's heart was completely captured by Charlotte." Since then, the sun, the moon and the stars have been allowed to rise and fall quietly, but I don't know day and night, and the world around me has disappeared. "

Victor often visits Charlotte after the dance. He fell into a passionate love. He said, "She is pure and innocent, her soul is not stiff, and she has no idea how much these little intimate actions have tortured me." The intimate gestures here only refer to touching your fingers inadvertently during conversation, or approaching him for the convenience of conversation, and the breath from her mouth can be sent directly to his lips. One day, Victor couldn't go to see Charlotte, so he sent a servant to see her. He said, "So I have someone around me who has been in front of her today."

The third part of the novel: Soon, Charlotte's fiance Albert returns, and the love that once made Victor happy turned into the source of his pain. When outsiders advised Victor to give up his love for Charlotte, he said, "Get out, these grass people!" " When his friend William advised him to give up hope for Charlotte, he said, "If an unfortunate person is slowly consuming his life by a worsening disease and can't be stopped, can you ask him to stab himself and end the pain once and for all? Didn't the disease consume his energy and destroy his courage to extricate himself? "

In this part, I have to say a conversation between Victor and Albert about suicide, which laid the groundwork for Victor's final suicide. Albert believes that suicide itself is evil and suicide is a sign of weakness. He said, "I can't imagine how a person could be stupid enough to shoot himself. The thought alone makes me sick. " Before that, I also held such a right and wrong view of suicide. It can be said that this book gives me another view of suicide, less self-righteous and more tolerant. Let's see what Witt said, "Human nature has its limitations: it can endure joy, sadness and pain to a certain extent, and once it exceeds this limit, it will be destroyed." "I don't think it's appropriate to call a suicide a coward, just like calling a person who died of malignant fever a coward." "Although a calm and rational person knows the unfortunate situation at a glance, although he has also persuaded him, it is all in vain! This is like a healthy person standing in front of the patient's window, but he can't transfer his energy to the patient at all. "

The fourth part of the novel: Victor left Volhejm and Charlotte to hold public office and seek new hope for life. Victor can't stand the rigid and grandiose public career, especially after being humiliated at the duke's ball. He said, "It is said that there is a BMW. If it is irritated and anxious, it will instinctively bite its own blood vessels and catch its breath. I always do. I also want to cut a blood vessel so that I can get eternal freedom. "

Victor can't find a friend who really resonates with him. "He also values my wisdom and talent, but he doesn't value my heart, but my heart is my only pride. Only my heart is the source of all my strength, all my happiness and all my pain. " Finding a bosom friend is also one of the pains of young Werther. So Victor pinned all his feelings on Charlotte, which caused the root of the ultimate tragedy.

The fifth part of the novel: Victor resigned from public office, followed his inner wishes and returned to Volhejm. At this time, Volhejm changed in Victor's mind and became a sad place. The woman's son Hans died and two beautiful walnut trees were cut down. In particular, the son of the file who secretly loves Charlotte is crazy, and the young farmer who loves the widow is arrested for murder ("love and loyalty, the best feelings in the world, have now turned into violence and murder"). These two events greatly shocked Victor. In all this, Genwitt feels that life is like morning dew. He said, "I lost the only happiness in my life and the sacred and energetic power I used to create the world around me;" This power has now disappeared! " Victor thought of death again and again, and his heart to leave this world became more and more firm.

When he saw Charlotte for the last time, he read some poems by Ossian for her, which were put at the end of the novel, adding tragic color to the novel. When they read poetry and reached the emotional place, their hearts blended, and they broke through their reason and embraced each other. Finally, Victor sent a servant to borrow a gun from Charlotte's husband Albert. When Victor learned that the gun was given to the servant by Charlotte herself, he was elated and took it. He kissed the gun a thousand times and wrote the last letter to Charlotte. At twelve o'clock at night, Victor shot himself.

In the process of reading, Witt, a character in many places and books, has a strong * * * sound. For example, Victor felt the joy of simple country life. "I am so happy, and my heart can feel the simple and innocent happiness when a person brings his own cabbage to the table, and not only cabbage, but also those beautiful days: the beautiful morning when he sowed seedlings, the lovely night when he watered them-all these, he enjoyed it again in an instant, because he was happy for its continuous growth.

For example, Witt's view of children, "The closest thing to my heart in this world is children. I watched, and I saw the seeds of morality and strength they needed in the future in small things. I see the firmness and fortitude of their future character in their stubbornness, and a good attitude and free and easy attitude in their waywardness, which is so pure and spotless! "

For another example, Victor opposes complaining blindly and emphasizes enjoying the present happiness. "We people often complain that there are too few good days and too many bad days. I think most of these complaints are unreasonable. If we are open-minded and enjoy the happiness God gives us every day, then if we encounter any misfortune, we will have enough strength to bear it. " "A bad mood hurts both yourself and your loved ones, so it is appropriate to call it evil. We cannot make each other happy. Isn't that enough? Are we going to take away all the happiness we get from each other? Please tell me, is there such a person who is in a bad mood, but can hide it in his heart and bear it alone without destroying the happy atmosphere around him? "

Also, Witt's outlook on life, "In the final analysis, everything in the world is not trivial. A person is a fool just to pursue fame and gain for others without his own passion and needs. "

The novel is called The Trouble of Young Werther, but the book does not specify Werther's age. Because this novel incorporates some of Goethe's own experiences, it is speculated that Witt's age should be around 22 or 23. Because Goethe was born in 1749, and Goethe met Charlotte in 1772. After finishing Witt, Goethe ended a love affair and rescued himself from a painful mental state. Since then, Goethe's thought has been further deepened, and great changes have taken place in his creative methods and artistic styles. Goethe didn't just let emotions vent, but advocated feelings and reason, ideals and reality. I have to say that this novel reflects the violent emotions of young people in life, which is very lovely and worthy of respect.