What should I pay attention to when planting Poria cocos?

Poria cocos is a common Chinese herbal medicine. In the process of growth and development of Poria cocos, cultivation technology is very critical, which directly determines the harvest of Poria cocos. So how to plant Poria cocos to increase its yield? This paper will introduce the common problems of planting Poria cocos in detail, hoping to be helpful to planting Poria cocos.

I. Site selection and farming

Poria cocos should be planted on the hillside of east, south and west 10-25, with excellent drainage pipes. Yellow gravel soil is the best soil layer, and clay and gravel soil are not suitable for planting and continuous cropping. After land selection, the soil should be removed when subsoiling, and the soil layer should be disinfected in the place damaged by termites, and sterilized with termiticides. 1 time Before inoculating Poria cocos, crush the clods and remove the dirt.

Second, the material preparation

The growth and development of Poria cocos depends on the nutrients provided by Chinese fir, so the cultivation of Poria cocos should be based on pine and cypress trees. In manufacturing, it is divided into dry wood planting and stump planting.

1. preparation method of dry sliced wood: select unfinished coniferous trees with the diameter of 12cm (or leave the head and tail after sampling), cut off some branches, leave the leaves at the tail of the tree, and then shovel 4-5 pieces with a gray knife according to the size of the tree (shovel to the phloem is appropriate), leaving 4-5 pieces with two fingers wide between shovels. After 10- 15 days, the trunk is dried and cracked, sawed for 70-80cm, and stacked in a dry sunny place in the shape of a well. The top cover of the wooden crib is used as forage, sewage ditches are made around the crib, and termiticides are sprinkled on the road surface.

2. Stump material preparation method When cutting Chinese fir in autumn and winter, select a stump with a diameter of 12cm, clean up weeds and subsoil around it within the range of 1.5m, cut off shrubs, analyze the depth to 0.8m, and expose the stump and roots out of the soil. Then shovel off four wires on the stump, leaving four wires two fingers wide. Leave 4-6 more tree trunks on the exposed road surface and disconnect other tree roots. It is also necessary to shovel the bark on three sides of the trunk, leaving 1 thick iron wire on both sides, and the root length is1-1.5m. The above tasks should be completed last winter.

Third, vaccination.

1. Vaccination season

Poria cocos is inoculated in spring and autumn. Spring planting takes place from Tomb-Sweeping Day to Xiaoshu. The temperature in southern Guangxi, southeastern Guangxi and western Guangxi rose earlier, and it was more suitable for vaccination before and after Qingming. The northern and western regions of Guangxi should be vaccinated before and after high temperature in summer. In autumn, the temperature difference across the country is not big, and poria cocos can be inoculated before and after cold dew.

2? Inoculation mode

Poria cocos planting is breeding with strains or fresh Poria cocos (Rhizoctonia) as "seeds". The strains were sterilized by canning small pieces of Chinese fir (plastic) and adding appropriate molding medium. After the original seeds of Poria cocos were molded, milky white and rich mycelium grew in the bottle. The breeding of fresh Poria cocos is to use fresh Poria cocos with thin skin, tender skin and light brown color, cut into pieces with bamboo knife, and inoculate with skin and weight of 0. 1-0. 15kg as breeding raw materials.

Before inoculation, a pit with a depth of 20cm and a width of 40-50cm should be dug along the slope in the whole planting area, and the length depends on the section length. Level the bottom of the cellar slightly, sprinkle termiticide and mix it with the soil, and put that piece of wood into the cellar along the slope. Put it in the second paragraph first. When inoculating strains, firstly, a new mouth with the width of ×× 150 cm× 10 cm is opened on the upper part of two wooden boards with a sharp knife, then the Chinese fir slices with hyphae in the bottle are taken off with medical tweezers, placed flat at the new outlet between the wooden boards, covered with Chinese fir slices or pine leaves, and then placed with another wooden board (the third wooden board is not placed on the weight of two wooden boards above 20kg). Stump inoculation is to drill 2-3 new holes in the stump, then inoculate strains and fresh poria cocos in the new holes of the stump, cover Chinese fir and pine leaves tightly, cover with soil 15- 17cm, and pile the pit surface into a turtle back shape.

Fourth, cultivation techniques.

7-1 0 days after inoculation, the milky white poria cocos mycelium can grow. At this time, the bacteria in each wine cellar should be checked for immediate filling. 1 check in the planting area when the dew is still wet in the morning. If poria cocos hyphae have grown on the wood in the cellar, it means that the soil in the cellar is dry and there is no dew. If there is dew on the cellar, there is no poria cocos mycelium on the wood. Digging from the cellar, it was found that the existing milky white hyphae in the lower section of Duanmu grew and developed, which smelled of Poria cocos and could be clearly identified as Poria cocos hyphae. If dead bacteria and aseptic poria cocos skin are found, they should be checked again every 7- 10 days. If the mycelium of Poria cocos can't be seen in the second inspection, the cellar can be opened, and the 1 slice can be taken out from other bacterial slices and transferred to a sterile cellar. Or dig out all the wood blocks that are not infected with bacteria, dry the water, cut the peeling mouth again, and then attach bacteria. It should be noted that Poria cocos strain has been cultivated for 1 month, and no hyphae can be seen on the solid wood dining table. At this time, most hyphae have grown into the wood. After inoculation of Poria cocos 1 month, no datum hyphae can be seen, and it is mistaken that fungi can't get up, and the wood is broken open, which will lead to unnecessary damage.

2. 7- 10 days after inoculation, if termites are found, termiticides should be sprayed on termites or ant paths immediately for control.

3. After Poria cocos produces sclerotia, loosen the soil immediately if it is found that Poria cocos is bare, and pay attention to the drainage pipeline in rainy season.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) picking, producing and processing.

Poria cocos is generally perfect in 8- 10 months after inoculation. The picked Poria cocos are stacked indoors in a shelter from the wind and rain, covered tightly with wheat straw for 5-6 days, and then spread out to dry 1-2 days. After the water evaporates, pile it up again, cover it with wheat straw for 5-6 days, peel it (or peel off the fresh poria cocos skin first), steam it in a steamer until it penetrates the core, or cook it with tap water until it penetrates the core (change the water in the fish tank 3-4 times when cooking, indicating that the fish tank changes the water when the water turns black). Take it down and cut it with a sharp knife to develop a grid with width x thickness = 4cm x 4cm x 0.5cm. Then put the white and red blocks in a summer sleeping mat or bamboo curtain, cover them with 1 sheet of tissue paper, and dry them in the sun until they are completely dry. Pay attention to frequent scrolling. In case of rainy days, it can be dried with charcoal fire, but it can't be baked with open flame, so as to avoid yellowing of poria cocos slices by smoking and affecting product quality.