Cultivation techniques of Gushanlong "Gushan No.2" longan

Gushan No.2 Longan is an excellent variety bred in Jiedong County. Variety 1986 won the first prize of its kind at Guangdong Youxi Fruit Appraisal Meeting and the gold medal at the National Agricultural Fair 1995. In March 2000, it passed the variety examination and approval in Guangdong Province. Its characteristics are: strong tree vigor, wide adaptability, strong resistance, high and stable yield and early maturity (mature from late July to early August); The fruit is large, and the average single fruit weight is12.1g; The meat is thick, the edible rate is 67.65438 00%, and the soluble solid content is 20.50%. The meat is crisp and sweet, the flavor quality is excellent, and the character is stable. It is a kind of early-maturing and high-quality fresh food. The main cultivation techniques are introduced as follows: 1. Establishment of orchard Gushan No.2 longan can be planted in hills, mountains and dry gardens. The soil layer should be deep, and sandy loam and loam are ideal. Adequate water resources and convenient irrigation and drainage are the first choice for garden construction. The main features of hills, mountains and dry gardens are drainage, water storage and wind protection. The plot should be rectangular in shape, with its long side perpendicular to the dominant wind direction, so as to facilitate the establishment of windbreaks. Orchard should be based on deep ditch, high border, separation of drainage and irrigation, and pier planting. When establishing orchards where conditions permit, sprinkler irrigation facilities should be provided. Planting density: 30 plants per mu in mountainous areas and 35 plants per mu in flat areas. Gushan No.2 Longan has a well-developed root system, so it is suitable for planting in big holes, and the specifications of planting holes are1m×1m. Second, soil management The newly planted garden should complete soil improvement within three years. In winter, methods such as deep digging and hole expansion or staggered deep digging can be used. Dig 60 ~ 80 cm deep, combine pressing green and applying organic fertilizer, and pay attention to putting the heart soil on it. Every winter, the whole garden is deeply ploughed with fruit trees, and the first batch of fruit trees can be ploughed to a depth of about 30 cm. Weed the orchard in intertillage no less than 3 times a year, with a depth of 6 ~ 10 cm. Third, rational fertilization Young trees should be fertilized twice for each new shoot. Results Fertilization was carried out at least four times a year, before and after beginning of spring, before and after Qingming, from summer to the day before and after harvest. Fertilizer is mixed with manure, soil miscellaneous fertilizer, cake fertilizer and chemical fertilizer at the ratio of N∶P∶K= 1∶0.3∶ 1.5, and urea is applied to each rich tree for more than 2 kg every year. 4. Tree management 1. Shaping and pruning: The shaping of Gushan No.2 longan should start from the seedling, the trunk should be 40-45 cm high, and 3-4 main branches should be left in the trunk, and then it will be cultivated into a semicircular crown through shaping year by year. Results Prune fruit trees after picking or in winter, focusing on pruning dead branches, branches of diseases and insect pests, cross branches, weak branches, dense branches and adventitious buds. Fruit trees should be pruned, topped, thinned and pruned in time after harvest in a bumper year, and the cutting mouth should be flat when pruning. 2. Timely cultivation of autumn shoots: pull out the first autumn shoots in late August, and ripen them in late June from 65438+1October to1early October165438+1October; The second autumn shoot was picked at the beginning of 10 10, and matured at the end of 10/210. 3. Sparse flowers and fruits: Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, the floral axis was about 15 cm long, and the buds were sparse when exposed. It is better to be late than new, and it is better to be early than new. Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, the 1 panicle below the junction of new and old branches should be thinned, and before and after Grain Rain, the 1 ~ 2 panicle above the junction of new and old branches should be thinned. If the ear is too long, the end can be cut off by about 1/3. The florets of Gushan No.2 longan are not too dense and generally not sparse. Fruit thinning should be completed before the "awning". First, thin out the spikelets that are too dense inside, then cut off the long spikelets, and finally thin out the weak fruits, deformed fruits and pests. V. Protect flowers and fruits 1. Controlling winter shoots and promoting flowers: after the last autumn shoots mature, shallow hoeing and root cutting are carried out to enrich branches and promote flowers. The leaflets with mixed buds are combined with sparse spikes after expansion and cut off from the base of compound leaves. 2. Bee release during flowering: In rainy weather during flowering, shake branches and shake off water droplets, which is beneficial to insect pollination. In case of drought, especially when the southwest wind blows, clear water should be sprayed on the canopy at 8 ~ 10 in the morning. In case of foggy weather, 0.4% sugar should be added to the clear water, and flower heads should be sprayed in the morning. In addition, the fruit can also be protected by nutritional fruit protectors such as guoteling and nucleotide, and the fruit can be bagged for protection. 6. The main pests in pest control are litchi stinkbug, Lychee moth, longan bee, gall mite (felt disease), gall mosquito, moth, etc. Trichlorfon, green kungfu and pyrethroid were used to control litchi stinkbug in the peak adult stage or young nymph stage in spring. Pyrethroid pesticides, such as 48% Lethburn, 98% Bataan, Mibaike, Methypyr and Lvgongfu, were used to control stem borers at the full flowering stage of adults. Sarcoptes can be controlled by chemicals, such as alcohol, scavengers and pesticides. In the new shooting stage. The moth can be killed by artificial hook or closed with dichlorvos. The main diseases are blight, broom disease (witches' broom) and anthracnose. Frost late blight mainly occurs at flowering stage, which can be controlled by 58% metalaxyl, Daphne manganese zinc and antiviral alum. Ghost broom disease should be promptly cut off the diseased branches and ears, and sprayed with drugs such as swine flu and plant inspection. Anthracnose can be controlled by carbendazim, mirex and nongkang 120.