The author of ancient fables

The main contents, authors and reading gains of China's ancient fables.

Fear of disease and medical treatment-Han Feizi

Bian Que was a famous doctor in ancient times. One day, he went to see Cai Huanhou. After studying Cai Huanhou's face carefully, he said, "Your Majesty, you are ill. Now the disease is only on the surface of the skin. It is cured quickly and well. " Cai Huanhou disapprovingly said, "I'm not sick. I don't need you to treat me! " After Bian Que left, Cai Huanhou said to his left and right, "These doctors have to treat people who are not sick all day, so they can prove their medical skills in this way." Ten days later, Bian Que visited Cai Huanhou again. He said anxiously, "Your illness has developed to muscle. You have to pay close attention to treatment! " Cai Huanhou cocked his head: "I'm not sick at all! You go! Cai Huanhou was very unhappy after Bian Que left. Ten days later, Bian Que visited Cai Huanhou again. He looked at Cai Huanhou's face and said anxiously, "Your Majesty, your illness has entered your stomach, and you can't delay it any longer! Cai Huan Hou shook his head again and again: "Damn, what's wrong with me!" " ! After Bian Que left, Cai Huanhou became even more unhappy. Ten days later, Bian Que visited Cai Huanhou again. He only took one look, turned around and left. Cai Huanhou was very puzzled, so he sent someone to ask Bian Que, "Why did you turn away when you went to see the king? Bian Que said, "You are not afraid of getting sick." . As long as it is treated in time, the general disease will gradually get better. I'm afraid I'm sick and say I'm not sick. I won't accept treatment. If the disease is in the skin, you can use hot compress; If the disease is in the muscles, acupuncture can be used; You can take soup medicine if your stomach is uncomfortable. However, now the king's illness has penetrated into the bone marrow. I was very ill, so I resigned myself to my fate and dared not ask for treatment for the king again. "Sure enough, five days later, Cai Huanhou's illness broke out suddenly. He sent for Bian Que at once, but Bian Que has gone to other countries. A few days later, Cai Huanhou died of illness.

[Hint] Treat the problem with the consciousness of preventing micro-duration like Bian Que; You can't turn a blind eye to your own shortcomings like Cai Huangong. Since Cai Huangong invited Bian Que to see a doctor, you should at least treat the doctor's advice with trust and extend it to all aspects of our life and work, and treat it with the same principle of trust.

Ji Chang learned to shoot-Liezi.

Gan Fei was a famous archer in ancient times. As long as he pulls the bow, he shoots down the beast and the bird. Wei Fei is a student of Gan Fei. Because of his diligent study and practice, he has surpassed his teacher in archery. There's a man named Suotuo who came here to worship Wei Fei as his teacher. Wei Fei said to him, "You must learn not to blink under any circumstances." With such skills, we can talk about school archery. "Ji Chang came home and lay on his back under his wife's loom, his eyes glued to the fast-moving parts. Two years later, he couldn't blink even if he pricked his eyes with a needle. Ji Chang was pleased to report this achievement to Wei Fei. Wei Fei said: "It is not enough to have this skill, but also to cultivate a pair of good eyes. You can see very small things, but you can clearly see vague things. With such skills, you can learn archery. "Ji Chang came home, caught a louse (louse, sh:), tied it with a very thin oxtail hair and hung it on the window. He stared at the window every day. More than ten days passed, and the lice that became smaller because of dryness gradually became bigger in Jichang's eyes; After practicing for three years, this louse is as big as a wheel in his eyes. He looked at something a little bigger, almost like a mountain, big and clear. Jichang drew his bow and arrow and shot at lice. The sharp arrow went straight through the center of the louse, but the hair of the cow's tail was as thin as a hair and was not broken. Ji Chang was so happy that he reported this new achievement to Wei Fei. Wei Fei nodded again and again and said with a smile, "Everything comes to him who waits, you have learned! " "

[hint]

From the story of Ji Chang learning to shoot, we can realize the extreme importance of learning basic skills well. To learn any knowledge and skills, we must have tenacious perseverance, step by step, and lay a solid foundation in order to really improve. There are no effortless "tricks" and "shortcuts". When we read fables, we are mainly inspired and educated by the truth explained by fables. Don't imitate the specific practices described in the story, such as exercising your eyesight like Ji Chang. If you don't do it well, you may get the opposite effect

If you are sick, you must listen to the doctor's advice and treat honestly. If there are shortcomings and mistakes, we should also listen to everyone's criticism with an open mind and seriously correct them. Otherwise, if you make mistakes again and again, your illness will get worse and worse, and your mistakes will get worse and worse, even to the point where there is no cure.

Han Feizi: Carving a Monkey on the Top of a Spine

The prince posted posters everywhere to solicit craftsmen with special skills. A patriotic man came to apply for the job, claiming that he could carve a lifelike monkey on a thorn. The prince was very happy to hear that he had such superior skills, and immediately gave him extremely generous treatment and provided him with supplies. A few days later, the prince wanted to see the artistic treasures carved by the skillful craftsman. The patriotic man said, "If the monarch wants to meet, he must follow my two conditions: first, he must not enter the harem to meet his concubines within six months; Second, don't drink or eat meat. Then choose a rainy day with sunrise. In the half-bright and half-dark light, you can see the monkey I carved on the top of the thorn. " As soon as the prince hears these conditions, it will not work. He can only continue to feed the patriotic men in the inner palace with luxurious food, but he has never had a chance to appreciate the treasures he carved. A blacksmith in the palace could not help laughing secretly. He said to the prince, "I specialize in making knives." As we all know, even the smallest carving can only be carved with a meat cleaver, so the carved thing must be larger than the blade of the meat cleaver. If the tip of the thorn is too thin to accommodate the smallest blade, you can't carve on it. Ask the king to check the craftsman's meat cleaver, and you will know whether what he said is true or not. "Hearing this, the king woke up like a dream. He immediately called the patriotic people and asked, "What tool did you use to carve the monkey on the thorn tip?" Wei replied, "carve a knife. The prince said, "Please show me your meat cleaver." "Hearing this, the wei ren panicked and said that he would go to the mansion to get a meat cleaver, then slipped out of the palace and ran away.

[hint]

Cowhide and lies, no matter how clever, can't stand serious investigation and careful analysis. According to this fable, people often call lies "the theory of thorns". It should be noted that the cowhide boasted by China people in the story should be distinguished from today's micro-carving art. With the development of the times and the progress of technology, people can carve hair with very fine carving knives, magnifying glasses and microscopes. But one or two thousand years ago, people's technology could not reach such a high level. The blacksmith's analysis and judgment in the story is based on the level at that time.

Cunning Bat —— Feng Menglong in the Laughing Room

Phoenix is the king of birds. On Phoenix's birthday, all the birds came to congratulate him, but the bat didn't appear. Phoenix stopped it and reprimanded it: "You are under my jurisdiction, how dare you be so arrogant!" " The bat stamped his foot and said, "I have animal feet. I am a citizen of the animal country." "Can your bird country manage me?" A few days later, Kirin celebrated her birthday. Kirin is the king of beasts. All the animals came to celebrate their birthdays, but the bats still didn't show up. Kirin stopped it and reprimanded it: "You belong to my jurisdiction, how dare you be so presumptuous!" " The bat flapped its wings and said, "I have wings and am a citizen of the country of birds." "Your animal kingdom is too wide!" One day, Phoenix and Kirin met. When it came to the bat, it realized that it was lying on both sides. Phoenix and Kirin shook their heads and said with emotion, "The current atmosphere is too bad. It happened that these guys who were neither birds nor beasts were born, and there was really no way to do anything with them! "

[hint]

People still often regard two-faced people as bats. These people, have it both ways, make ends meet, constantly changing their principles and positions, trying to make profits through speculation. However, they can only succeed for a while, and one day they will show their ugly faces and be spurned.

Cut off the pole and enter the city —— Han Danchun in the Laughing Forest

There was a man in the state of Lu who went to town with a thick and long bamboo root. When he reached the gate, he stood up to get it, but he was stuck by the gate. He took it sideways and got stuck in the walls on both sides. After a long struggle, he was too tired to enter the city. An old man next to him looked at him and smiled: "You big straw bag! There is only one string in my head! At my age, I have crossed more bridges than you have. Why don't you ask me? " The bamboo seller quickly bowed to him: "Please give me more advice!" " The old man stroked his white beard and said, "It's very simple. You saw the bamboo in two and went in. " "If the bamboo is sawed off, it can't be used." "That's better than being stuck outside the city!" The bamboo seller borrowed a saw, sawed off the bamboo and took it to the city.

[hint]

If the bamboo seller is stupid and ridiculous, then the old man with white beard who likes to teach others a lesson is even more stupid. Some "old hands" always like to do things according to old experience and old rules. They are not good at flexibly considering extremely simple or even common sense problems according to the actual situation. As a result, many bad ideas were put forward.

Golden hook cinnamon bait-finch cub

There is a man in Lu who likes to talk about ostentation and extravagance. Fishing is one of his great hobbies. He made a fishhook out of gold and decorated it with recognizable silver thread and emeralds. He twisted the jade bird's feathers into thin threads and used fragrant cinnamon as bait. His fishing rod is the most advanced, and his position and posture are very particular when fishing, but he catches very few fish.

[hint]

Pay attention to practical results. One-sided pursuit of form can only achieve the opposite effect. In this fable, people who fish with gold hooks and cinnamon bait provide us with a very vivid example.

A brief introduction to the authors of China's ancient fables.

1, everything is wrong.

Han Fei (about 233 BC), also known as Han Feizi, was born in Xinzheng (now xinzheng city, Henan Province) at the end of the Warring States Period. An outstanding thinker, philosopher and essayist, a representative figure of Legalism. His thoughts and theories have always been the basis for the application of the feudal ruling class in China. His profound literary knowledge left a lot of famous works for later generations.

Han Fei's articles are ingenious in conception, bold in description, humorous in language and plain in beauty, which has the artistic effect of intriguing and warning the world. The most famous ones are Contradictions, Waiting for the Rabbit, Avoiding Diseases and Doctors, Filling in the blanks, and Old Horse Knowing the Way.

2. Liu Zongyuan

Liu Zongyuan, with thick words, was a writer and essayist in the Tang Dynasty. There are more than 600 literary works, and he has made great achievements in poetry, ci and prose. At the same time, he and Han Yu were advocates of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty. Together with Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi, Ouyang Xiu and Ceng Gong in the Song Dynasty, they were called the eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties. His representative works include Donkey in Guizhou.

3. Mencius

(372 BC-289 BC), Mingke, Huaxia nationality, Zou (now Zoucheng City, Shandong Province). A great thinker, educator and representative of Confucianism in the Warring States period. Also known as "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. Representative works include I want what I want, I get more help when I get the word, I get less help when I lose it, I was born in sorrow and died in happiness, and I am for our country.

4. Zhuangzi

Zhuangzi, formerly known as Zhuang Zhou, was born in Song Mengcheng in 369 BC. He inherited Laozi's Taoist thought and created a unique philosophy of Zhuangzi. He was recognized as one of the two representatives of Taoism by later generations.

Zhuangzi not only had a profound study of Taoism and philosophy, but also was a famous thinker and writer in the Warring States Period. Representative classic fables include My Skillful Hands Help Cattle, Frog by Well, etc.

5. Zhang Yanyuan

Zhang yanyuan (8 15 ~907) was born in Linyi county, Zhou Pu. Tang dynasty minister, painter, painting theorist, the great-grandson of Zhang, secretary of the Central Secretariat, and the son of Zhang Wengui, the imperial adviser in the temple.

Born in three generations, he is knowledgeable and literate. He is good at painting and calligraphy as well as appreciation. In the early years of Dazhong (847), he moved to Zubu as foreign minister. Xian Tong served as the secretariat of Zhou Shu for three years (862). In the early years of Ganfu (874), he served as Dali Qing.

God bless died at the age of 93 in four years (907). He is the author of History of Famous Paintings, History of Calligraphy, Poems of Colored Paintings, Monument to Three Ancestors, Poems of Landscape, etc.

Ancient fable story

Avoid seeing a doctor despite obvious illness.

Bian Que was a famous doctor in ancient times. One day, he went to see Cai Huanhou. After studying Cai Huanhou's face carefully, he said, "Your Majesty, you are ill. Now the disease is only on the surface of the skin. It is cured quickly and well. " Cai Huanhou disapprovingly said, "I'm not sick. I don't need you to treat me! " After Bian Que left, Cai Huanhou said to his left and right, "These doctors have to treat people who are not sick all day, so they can prove their medical skills in this way." Ten days later, Bian Que visited Cai Huanhou again. He said anxiously, "Your illness has developed to muscle. You have to pay close attention to treatment! " Cai Huanhou cocked his head: "I'm not sick at all! You go! Cai Huanhou was very unhappy after Bian Que left. Ten days later, Bian Que visited Cai Huanhou again. He looked at Cai Huanhou's face and said anxiously, "Your Majesty, your illness has entered your stomach, and you can't delay it any longer! Cai Huan Hou shook his head again and again: "Damn, what's wrong with me!" " ! After Bian Que left, Cai Huanhou became even more unhappy. Ten days later, Bian Que visited Cai Huanhou again. He only took one look, turned around and left. Cai Huanhou was very puzzled, so he sent someone to ask Bian Que, "Why did you turn away when you went to see the king? Bian Que said, "You are not afraid of getting sick." . As long as it is treated in time, the general disease will gradually get better. I'm afraid I'm sick and say I'm not sick. I won't accept treatment. If the disease is in the skin, you can use hot compress; If the disease is in the muscles, acupuncture can be used; You can take soup medicine if your stomach is uncomfortable. However, now the king's illness has penetrated into the bone marrow. I was very ill, so I resigned myself to my fate and dared not ask for treatment for the king again. "Sure enough, five days later, Cai Huanhou's illness broke out suddenly. He sent for Bian Que at once, but Bian Que has gone to other countries. A few days later, Cai Huanhou died of illness.

Carve a monkey on a thorn.

The prince posted posters everywhere to solicit craftsmen with special skills. A patriotic man came to apply for the job, claiming that he could carve a lifelike monkey on a thorn. The prince was very happy to hear that he had such superior skills, and immediately gave him extremely generous treatment and provided him with supplies. A few days later, the prince wanted to see the artistic treasures carved by the skillful craftsman. The patriotic man said, "If the monarch wants to meet, he must follow my two conditions: first, he must not enter the harem to meet his concubines within six months; Second, don't drink or eat meat. Then choose a rainy day with sunrise. In the half-bright and half-dark light, you can see the monkey I carved on the top of the thorn. " As soon as the prince hears these conditions, it will not work. He can only continue to feed the patriotic men in the inner palace with luxurious food, but he has never had a chance to appreciate the treasures he carved. A blacksmith in the palace could not help laughing secretly. He said to the prince, "I specialize in making knives." As we all know, even the smallest carving can only be carved with a meat cleaver, so the carved thing must be larger than the blade of the meat cleaver. If the tip of the thorn is too thin to accommodate the smallest blade, you can't carve on it. Ask the king to check the craftsman's meat cleaver, and you will know whether what he said is true or not. "Hearing this, the king woke up like a dream. He immediately called the patriotic people and asked, "What tool did you use to carve the monkey on the thorn tip?" Wei replied, "carve a knife. The prince said, "Please show me your meat cleaver." "Hearing this, the wei ren panicked and said that he would go to the mansion to get a meat cleaver, then slipped out of the palace and ran away.

In order to study and succeed, you must study hard and lay a solid foundation.

Gan Fei was a famous archer in ancient times. As long as he pulls the bow, he shoots down the beast and the bird. Wei Fei is a student of Gan Fei. Because of his diligent study and practice, he has surpassed his teacher in archery. There's a man named Suotuo who came here to worship Wei Fei as his teacher. Wei Fei said to him, "You must learn not to blink under any circumstances." With such skills, we can talk about school archery. "Ji Chang came home and lay on his back under his wife's loom, his eyes glued to the fast-moving parts. Two years later, he couldn't blink even if he pricked his eyes with a needle. Ji Chang was pleased to report this achievement to Wei Fei. Wei Fei said: "It is not enough to have this skill, but also to cultivate a pair of good eyes. You can see very small things, but you can clearly see vague things. With such skills, you can learn archery. "Ji Chang came home, caught a louse (louse, sh:), tied it with a very thin oxtail hair and hung it on the window. He stared at the window every day. More than ten days passed, and the lice that became smaller because of dryness gradually became bigger in Jichang's eyes; After practicing for three years, this louse is as big as a wheel in his eyes. He looked at something a little bigger, almost like a hill, big and clear. Jichang drew his bow and arrow and shot at lice. The sharp arrow went straight through the center of the louse, but the hair of the cow's tail was as thin as a hair and was not broken. Ji Chang was so happy that he reported this new achievement to Wei Fei. Wei Fei nodded again and again and said with a smile, "Everything comes to him who waits, you have learned! " "

China ancient fable author Jiangsu Phoenix Science and Technology Publishing House.

A Brief Introduction to China's Ancient Fables

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Combined Atlas (2 sheets)

According to ideological content, ancient fables can be classified into three categories.

The first is to tell profound philosophy with vivid metaphors, which not only gives people the enjoyment of beauty, but also gives people wisdom. Since the pre-Qin period, there have been many fables with strong philosophy in China, which constitute a major feature of China's ancient fables, and many of them shine with the brilliance of simple materialism or dialectics. For example, alarmist said that tomorrow is just gas accumulation, nothing, no gas in the place; The land is nothing but clods, and clods are everywhere. Without land, there is no place. Therefore, there is no basis for saying that heaven and earth are going to collapse.

The second category has the nature of "persuading good and punishing evil", and many of them give people positive enlightenment. The grid method shows that the mind is not right; It is despicable to hurt the benefactor for your own benefit. There are also some negative factors in this kind of stories, such as advocating the old view that each holds his own position and the relationship between causes and effects, which we should be good at identifying and giving necessary analysis and criticism.

The third category is "exposing concealment and exposing its disadvantages", which is ironic. Some denounced bad habits against current politics, exposing the darkness and decay of feudal society to some extent. Taking other people's clothes exposes the pity and extreme cruelty of the wicked in the world. "A cat wishes a mouse a birthday" satirizes the hypocrisy of hypocrites; "Striving for Wild Goose" rebukes the atmosphere of advocating empty talk and conducting meaningless arguments; The pedantic Confucian fire fighting shows the pedantry and absurdity of sticking to feudal ethics.

The ancient fables of China collected in this book can be classified into three categories according to their ideological content:

Frog by the Well, included in Zhuangzi, shows that the world is big, and people should not be conceited because of their narrow knowledge. In Liezi, it is alarmist to say that tomorrow is just a place with gas accumulation and no gas; "It is the easiest to draw ghosts" shows that it is the most difficult to proceed from objective reality and act according to objective laws, and it is necessary to work hard. It's easy to tell lies that are divorced from reality.

There are more fables that satirize the manifestations of idealism and metaphysics from the opposite side and vividly depict some ugly behaviors that are obsessed with metaphysics. "Encourage Young Seedlings" tells people how ridiculous it is to act stupidly against objective laws. "One well and one person" shows that in the investigation and study, it is inevitable to make mistakes only by hearsay and subjective inference; As for the Zheng people in "Zheng People Buy Shoes", it is a typical dogmatism.

The second category has the nature of "promoting good and punishing evil", and many of them give people positive enlightenment. The law of engagement shows that it is despicable to hurt the benefactor for one's own self-interest out of improper intentions; "How to Wait for the Next Year" and "Orangutan Drinking" advise people to correct their mistakes, and don't make excuses and knowingly commit them; "Scolope arrogance" and "losing preparation by victory" teach people not to be complacent and blindly underestimate the enemy.

The third category is "exposing concealment and exposing its disadvantages", which is ironic. "Taking Clothes" and "Gao Xin's Murder" reveal the misery and extreme cruelty of the wicked in the world. Crossing Another Era and Cat Wishing Mouse a Birthday mocked the hypocrisy of hypocrites. "Striving for Wild Goose" rebukes the atmosphere of advocating empty talk and conducting meaningless arguments; "Rub the Tiger" and "Mountain Rhyme Lacquer Mirror" point out that those who like to accept everything and hate criticism will reap the consequences; The pedantic fire fighting and Fu Xian showed pedantry and ridiculousness of sticking to feudal ethics.

In addition, there are stories about learning attitude, learning methods and the art of struggle, especially several stories about Bo Le Xiang Ma, which are more meaningful to read today.

Catalogue of ancient fables in China

The author of China's ancient fables.

There were many famous fables in ancient China, for example, people who did wrong bought shoes, contradicted themselves and so on.