Tour guide of the ruins of Shangdu in Yuan Dynasty.

Tour guide of the ruins of Shangdu in Yuan Dynasty.

Shangdu Site in Yuan Dynasty belongs to the national key cultural relics protection unit, and it is the capital site of Yuan Dynasty in China. It is located about 20 kilometers northeast of Zhenglan Banner government in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, on the north bank of Lightning River. The following is my carefully compiled travel guide to the ruins of Yuanshangdu, which is for reference only and I hope it will help you.

Details of the scenic spots in the tourist guide 1 of the ruins of Shangdu in Yuan Dynasty.

Shangdu Site in Yuan Dynasty belongs to the national key cultural relics protection unit, and it is the capital site of Yuan Dynasty in China. It is located about 20 kilometers northeast of Zhenglan Banner government in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, on the north bank of Lightning River. This grassland capital, founded by riders in the north of China, is regarded as the product of the wonderful combination of farming culture in the Central Plains and nomadic culture in the grassland. Historians praise it as comparable to the ancient Italian city of Pompeii. 20 12 On June 29th, the 36th session of the World Heritage Committee discussed and approved the inclusion of the China Yuanshangdu site in the World Heritage List.

The ruins of Shangdu in Yuan Dynasty are located in Wuyi Ranch, Zhenglan Banner, on the alluvial plain on the north bank of Lightning River (the upper reaches of Luanhe River). Before Kublai Khan proclaimed himself emperor, Yuan Shizu began to build a city in the sixth year of Mongolian Xianzong (1256), formerly known as Kaipingfu; After Kublai Khan acceded to the throne, in the eighth year of Yuan Dynasty (127 1), the title of the country was changed to Yuan, and it was called Shangdu in Kaiping County, also known as Shangjing or Luanjing, and it was the summer capital of Yuan Dynasty. Every summer, the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty led important ministers here to escape the heat and handle government affairs, so Miyagi was built into a garden-like detached palace. The whole city consists of Miyagi, Imperial City and Outer City triple city. It is about 9 kilometers in circumference, 2050 meters long from east to west and 2 1 15 meters long from north to south. The palace walls are made of bricks, and there are buildings at the four corners. There are pavilions such as Crystal Hall, Hongxi Hall, Muqing Pavilion and Da 'an Pavilion, which lead rivers into the city and build ponds. Around the Imperial City Sanitation Miyagi, the walls are inlaid with stones, and the roads are orderly. The southern half is the official residence and the area where the mansion is located. There are Gan Yuan Temple and Longyan Huayan Temple in the northeast and northwest corners. The outer cities are all built of earth. In the northwest of the imperial city, the northern part is the imperial garden guarded by the emperor, and the southern part is the area where yamen, temples and workshops are located. There are east, south and west compartments outside the city, which are shops, houses and granaries respectively. In the early years of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, the city walls and building foundations were still on the surface. In Mongolian, the city is called "Zhaonaiman Sumo", which means 108 temples, which is based on the misinformation of many buildings in the city ruins. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Before the Shang capital was established, the Jin Dynasty belonged to Zhou Huan. Genghis Khan evaded the institution here. In the fifth year of Menggehan (1255), Kublai Khan was ordered to be stationed here, and the next year he opened the government to build a walled palace. Yuanshangdu was built in 1256 and 1259. In the first year of China's reunification (1260), Kublai Khan worked here, called Kaiping House, on the plus sign of 1264. Since the year after next, I have been patrolling and coming unexpectedly. I have become a permanent summer capital after the cold, and I am called the second capital with Beijing.

Shangdu City consists of Outer City, Imperial City, Miyagi City and Outer Garden. The circumference of the outer city is about eighteen miles. The inner city is the imperial city, and the outer city is the urban area. There are about 60 palaces and 160 temples in the city, including Daming Hall, Yitian Hall, Baoyun Hall, Lichen Hall, Blessing Hall, Hongxi Hall, Ruisi Hall, and pavilions such as Daan, Swallow, Lianxiang, Rosewood and Ninghui. Important buildings such as Green Pearl, Yingzhou Hall and Tang Zhen. Except for the large palace between the center and the north wall, most of the buildings in the city are not symmetrical. Temples, pavilions and pavilions have their own characteristics, or they are close to biogas digesters, or connected by canals and pavilions, with different shapes and sizes, different colors and customs, and extraordinary and refined. The above-mentioned post roads leading to various places extend in all directions and are the transportation hub between Mobei and the Central Plains.

During the Yuan Dynasty, merchants and craftsmen gathered in Shangdu area and prospered. There are not only businessmen from China, but also businessmen from Central Asia and Europe. They brought all kinds of metal utensils, daily necessities and luxury goods to the ruling class, and then shipped livestock products from Shangdu area, which promoted the economic prosperity of Mongolia centered on Shangdu. 1358, the Red Scarf Army conquered Shangdu and burned down the palace. It ended the history as a generation of capital.

Scenic spots/tourist attractions

Bronze statue of Kublai Khan

These bronze statues, which were cast in 2007, are about 7.5 meters high, 34 meters long and 6 meters thick, with a total weight of 80 tons, respectively symbolizing the 750-year history of the ruins of the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, the 34 years of Kublai Khan's rule, and the 80th birthdays of six emperors and Kublai Khan when they ascended the throne in the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. This statue is beautiful in shape and rich in content. It is a condensed picture of Yuan Shizu's great military career and the rule of the country. In the middle is Kublai Khan. Kublai Khan (12 15- 1294) was the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. On the right side of Kublai Khan's statue is the scene of Mongolian cavalry, and on the left is the ministers of Yuan Dynasty, mainly the envoys of Liu, Kelpolo, Guo Shoujing, Yao Shu, Basiba, Persia and other countries.

Jinlianchuan Grassland

"Jinlianchuan", formerly known as Dongli Lake Dongchuan, is full of Jinlianchuan in summer and looks like a golden ocean from afar. It stretches on both sides of Shangdu River in the upper reaches of Luanhe River, with a length of 60 kilometers from east to west, and the widest part is the ruins of Yuanshangdu, about 5-6 kilometers. In May of the eighth year of Jin Dading (1 168), Jin Shizong named Dongli Lake Dongchuan Jinlianchuan, which means "Lotus Lotus Lotus, Golden Branch and Jade Leaf Lotus". In the first year of Yuan Xianzong (125 1), Kublai Khan was appointed to be in charge of "the general affairs of military affairs in the south of Han Dynasty", where he stationed in the south, recruited celebrities from all over the world and established the famous "Jinlianchuan Shogunate".

Jinlianchuan grassland is rich in wildlife resources, which is not only a natural excellent pasture with beautiful aquatic plants, but also a cool amusement place for riding and hunting. It was once a summer resort for emperors in Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties.

Huangcheng mingdemen

It is the first gate from Huangcheng Road to Yuanshangdu, belonging to the south gate of Huangcheng, located on the north-south axis between Huangcheng and Miyagi. The entrance is 24 meters long and 4.7 ~ 5.7 meters wide. The walls on both sides are made of blue bricks, and the roof of the ticket collapses, leaving the architectural remains of the collapsed gate about 7 meters high at the entrance of the ticket. Outside the door, the urn is rectangular, 63 meters wide from east to west and 5 1 meter long from north to south. This wall is made of stone. Wengcheng Gate is12m long and 3.5-3.8m wide. There are stone pillars in the middle, which are ordinary stones. There are stone fork posts and wooden door posts on both sides of the door.

Miyagi Yutianmen

It belongs to the south gate of Miyagi and lives on the north-south central axis of the imperial city and Miyagi. The doorway is of masonry structure, and the urn is outside the door, 60 meters wide from east to west and 27 meters long from north to south. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were poems such as "Mingde riding in the south of the city, a hundred officials under the imperial gate" and "Smelling the imperial edict in front of the imperial gate, flying in the metropolis with post horses". This is the place where hundreds of officials gather and listen to the announcement. Archaeological findings show that there are two rows of building bases on the east and west sides of the urn, which is supposed to be a resting place for officials when they are in court or waiting for orders.

Da 'an Pavilion in Miyagi

The base of this building is located in the center of the palace city. The upper floor is the former site of Yonghe Palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the lower floor is the base site of Da 'an Pavilion in Yuan Dynasty. The base address plane is convex, with a length of 36.5 meters from east to west and a width of 30 meters from north to south. The outer edge of the corner at the bottom of the foundation is surrounded by regular strip sandstone. A complete white marble dragon pattern column foundation with a height of 2. 1 m, a width of 0.53 m and a thickness of 0.52 m was unearthed in the southwest corner of the foundation site, and it was carved with exquisite dragon patterns. Daan Pavilion was built in the third year of Zhiyuan (1266). After Kublai Khan captured Bianjing in the Southern Song Dynasty, he "took the material of Xichun Pavilion in Bianjing Song Dynasty, which made a slight profit and loss, so he was named Daan. "The whole pavilion rises to the sky, and Gan Qing lives in the sky", which makes the viewers sigh that "the fairy plays tricks, and the heart of the cave is frightened", while the Yuan people have the admiration that "Da 'an Royal Pavilion is a magnificent pavilion, and Huaque is in Beijing", which shows that it used to be a magnificent scene.

Daan Pavilion was used as the "main hall" of Miyagi in Yuan Dynasty. The emperors of the Yuan Dynasty often held important political ceremonies here, such as the emperor's accession to the throne and the reception of foreign envoys. In addition, daily activities including the emperor's visit to the DPRK, discussion of state affairs, Buddhist practice and gathering with ministers were also held here. There have been many major events with worldwide or regional influence, including the enthronement of five emperors, Yuan Chengzong, Wuzong, Tianshun Emperor, Wenzong and Shun Di, Kublai Khan's meeting with Kyle Polo in Yuan Shizu, and Kublai Khan's surrender to the monarch of the Southern Song Dynasty after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Miyagi Muqingge

The base site of this building is located in the middle of the north wall of Gongcheng at the northern end of the central axis between the Imperial City and Miyagi City. It is the largest building in Miyagi, and it is the seat of Mu Qing Pavilion according to archaeological research. Muqing Pavilion was built in the 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (1353). The Yuan Dynasty was a palace for banquets, discussions and residence, which was called "North Que" in Yuan poetry. The existing abutment of Muqingge site is about 8m high, with a width of 137m from east to west and a length of 67m from north to south, with a total area of 9 180m2. The abutment plane is concave, and the main hall and the affiliated halls of the east and west wings are built on it. After archaeological excavation of the top of the east wing in the form of "que building", it is found that there is a large wooden structure building at the top of the foundation site.

Huangcheng east city wall

The total length of the city wall is 14 10 m, and the middle is rammed with loess, and the rammed layer is about 12- 14 cm thick. The inner and outer sides are wrapped with natural stones, and the stone wall is about 0.5-0.6 m thick. Most of the walls are well preserved, and the residual height is about 2.0-5.5 meters. In 2002, the 368-meter outer wall and two horse faces in the northern section of the East Wall of the Imperial City were cleaned and maintained.

site museum

The existing building of Yuanshangdu Museum was built in April 2007, completed in April 2008 and opened to the public in July 2008.

The architectural function of the building is divided into exhibition hall, cultural relics warehouse, commercial studio, office building and so on. It basically has comprehensive service functions such as cultural relics collection, exhibition, research, education, communication and administrative office. There are five exhibition halls at present.

On April 20 1 1, the museum began to rebuild and exhibit the exhibition hall, and improved the security system and tourist service facilities. Opening to the outside world in July, 20 1 1. At present, the new museum of Yuanshangdu Site is under construction.

skill

Take the bus (sleeper) at Liuliqiao coach station in Beijing at 9:50 and 17:30 every day. The fare is 1 17 yuan, and it takes about 9 hours to reach Duolun County in Zhenglan Banner (at present, the bus only goes to Duolun County). You can transfer to a taxi in Duolun County to reach the Yuanshangdu Ruins Scenic Area.

Please respect the local ethnic customs, and pay attention to carrying sunscreen and anti-mosquito drugs in summer.

Tour guide of Shangdu site in Yuan Dynasty II:

1. Visitors traveling with a group should remember the telephone number of the tour guide for contact.

Tourists should know the local situation before traveling.

3. The Yuanshangdu site implements preferential policies for tickets for special people. Visitors in need should carry valid certificates such as journalist's card, military officer's card, disability card and old-age card.

It is best for tourists to wear sports shoes and flat shoes when traveling. Because of the large space, it is inconvenient to wear high heels or leather shoes.

When traveling, tourists should respect the local customs and habits in Inner Mongolia.

6. The grassland weather changes greatly, so tourists should carry rainproof, sunscreen, anti-bite supplies and daily medicines with them.

7. The site of Yuandadu is located in the continental climate zone in the middle temperate zone, with low temperature in winter. Visitors should bring down jackets and other warm items. The summer sunshine in the scenic spot is strong, so tourists should bring sunscreen, sun hat, sunglasses, lip balm and other items before going out.

Tour route:

Group Sculptures in the Battle of Kublai Khan —— Jinlianchuan Flower Appreciation Area —— Mingdemen —— Yutianmen —— Jin Kui Pavilion —— Mu Qing Pavilion

Best time to visit:

June-September is the best. It is windy in spring, cold in autumn and winter, beautiful environment and pleasant climate in summer, which is the best season for tourism.

Shopping recommendation:

Visitors can buy leather crafts, cowhide paintings and various meat products and dairy products with grassland characteristics in Xilin Gol Scenic Area.

Location of scenic spots:

China > Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region > Xilin Gol League > Zhenglan Banner > Zhagoesta Sumu > Wuyi Farm General Farm > Heichengzi Demonstration Zone.

Arrival mode:

There are shuttle buses to Zhenglanqi from all over Beijing and Inner Mongolia. After arriving at Zhenglanqi, you can take a taxi or private jet to reach the ruins of Yuanshangdu.

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