What should I pay attention to when flying in hot weather?

What should I pay attention to when flying in hot weather?

When the atmospheric temperature is above 30 degrees Celsius, it should be regarded as high temperature weather, which will have three effects on flight. The first is to affect the engine power. High temperature will obviously reduce the engine power, reduce the thrust-to-weight ratio of the aircraft, slow down the growth of the aircraft, increase the taxiing distance and reduce the ascending slope. It will adversely affect take-off, climb and go-around. Secondly, it is manifested in the influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft. As the temperature increases, the air density decreases, the dynamic pressure of the aircraft decreases, and the overall air and dynamic characteristics of the aircraft decrease. In order to achieve enough dynamic pressure, the aircraft should increase its speed (real speed) accordingly, which will increase the taxiing distance and reduce the ascending slope.

If the above two effects are in plain airport, flying with light load and working with full engine, the pilot will not feel abnormal. If you are at a plateau airport, flying heavily, and there is an engine failure, these characteristics will be clearly displayed. To this end, pilots must master the following points:

1. When the atmospheric temperature exceeds 30 degrees Celsius, the altitude of the airport exceeds 1000 meters, and the aircraft is overloaded with medium weight or above, it must be treated as an aircraft with high temperature, plateau and heavy load. All flight data should be checked and proofread according to the aircraft manual, and flight data cannot be determined by estimation.

2. Before taking off, the maximum takeoff weight and the maximum landing weight of the aircraft must be accurately calculated. It is strictly forbidden to determine the maximum takeoff weight through estimation, resulting in actual overweight takeoff and landing.

3. We must accurately calculate the control speed of V 1, V2, VR, etc. According to the chart in the flight manual, we should know these data to prevent the aircraft from deviating from the speed data based on previous feelings. For example, the growth time from V 1 to V2 is obviously increased. Pilots should fully estimate this growth, just hold the horse, and then pull the rod to lift the front wheel after the right seat reports "Lift the front wheel" to prevent the pull rod from being pulled ahead by feeling, resulting in low ground speed.

4. It is necessary to consult the ascending slope in the take-off phase from the flight manual, calculate the obstacle-crossing ability of the aircraft according to the terrain of the take-off airport, know the margin of obstacle-crossing slope, and appropriately correct the expected take-off channel profile.

5. In the approach process, the influence of speed on aircraft inertia should be considered.

6. In case of engine failure, use standby oil to go around. The influence of engine power reduction and aerodynamic characteristics reduction should be considered.

7. When landing, the pilot should adjust the speed and make visual inspection to prevent high speed and high visual inspection.

The third aspect is the influence of high temperature weather on the pilots themselves. High temperature can easily make people fidgety, emotionally unstable, physically exhausted, easily tired, and easily make mistakes when preparing for flight directly. Therefore, pilots must ensure adequate sleep, maintain vigorous physical strength and energy, pay attention to food hygiene, and prevent sudden gastrointestinal diseases from affecting flight; In the direct preparation stage of flight, the APU should be started as soon as possible to adjust the temperature of the cockpit. Note that when the temperature adjustment starts, the inlet temperature should not be too low. Then, after landing, if the plane is parked in the open air, some shielding measures can be taken to prevent direct sunlight from causing high temperature in the cockpit. Under normal circumstances, although high temperature can not directly affect the pilot's operation of the aircraft, it will also indirectly affect flight safety.

Only by improving the knowledge and understanding of flying in hot weather and keeping high vigilance at all times can we give full play to the role of pilots and achieve the goal of safe flight.