The working frequency of the 10cm weather radar is

Based on radar performance requirements and implementation conditions, most radars operate in the microwave frequency range of 1 to 15GHz. Below the 1GHz frequency, due to the frequency band occupied by communications and television, the spectrum is congested and is rarely used by general radars. Only a few long-range radars and over-the-horizon radars use this frequency band.

When the frequency is higher than 15GHz, the absorption of water molecules in the air is serious; when the frequency is higher than 30GHz, the absorption of oxygen molecules and water molecules increases sharply in some areas. As the frequency increases, the processing of the antenna becomes difficult, the noise inside and outside the receiver increases, and it is also difficult to increase the power of the transmitter.

Principle

Weather radars are mostly pulse radars, which emit short-duration pulse waves (0.25 to 4 microseconds) at a certain repetition frequency, and then receive precipitation particles. The scattered echo pulse returns. The scattering and absorption of radar emitted waves by precipitation are related to characteristics such as raindrop spectrum, rain intensity, phase state of precipitation particles, shape and orientation of ice crystal particles (see Microwave Scattering of Clouds and Precipitation Particles, Microwave Absorption of Clouds and Precipitation Particles). Therefore, by analyzing and determining precipitation echoes, various macroscopic and microphysical characteristics of precipitation can be determined.