Recent (recent) news about current climate events.

In the future, abnormal weather may occur more frequently. India suffered from severe high temperature and drought, with the highest temperature approaching 50 C; Persistent rare cold current blizzard freezes the "northern hemisphere"; The worst high temperature and drought in recent 40 years triggered a forest fire in Russia; Heat waves swept across many countries in the northern hemisphere; The strong storm "singa" swept through Europe; In Uganda, a massive mudslide killed 100 people; Severe avalanches ravage south-central Asia; The heaviest rainstorm and flood in recent 8 1 year caused the death of Pakistan 1800 people; Strong typhoon "Miyu" ravaged Southeast Asia; Record of rainstorm in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. China has just passed 20 10 years with extremely frequent extreme weather events. Looking around the world, extreme weather is attacking cities everywhere. Australia in the southern hemisphere is suffering from the "once in 200 years" flood; At present, more than 800 people in Brazil have lost their lives in floods and mudslides; In Sri Lanka, 360,000 people were homeless due to floods; Japan and South Korea have the lowest temperatures in decades. Extreme weather is coming, and human beings are facing new challenges from nature. Facing the test, are meteorological and scientific circles ready to deal with it? Extreme weather force 20 10 is the hottest year on record, and 20 10 is the wettest and hottest year on record. * * * There are 18 countries with the highest temperature in history, but some areas in Europe and Australia have experienced an unusually cold year. Looking back on last year's abnormal weather events, many people will certainly remember: severe drought in southwest China, frequent rainstorms in southern China, rare precipitation in Hainan, and heavy precipitation triggered Zhouqu mudslide ... The "5 7" torrential rain in Guangzhou is still vivid. On May 6-7 last year, a rainstorm of 2 13. 1 mm fell in Guangzhou within three hours. That week, three rainstorms followed, with a weekly rainfall of 440mm, equivalent to 1/4 of the annual rainfall in Guangzhou, breaking the century-old record in Guangzhou. "The range of influence, the intensity of precipitation and the long duration are rare in history." Lin Liangxun, chief forecaster of Guangdong Meteorological Observatory, commented. "The comprehensive assessment of 20 10 climate impact is poor." According to the report provided by the Provincial Meteorological Bureau, according to incomplete statistics, various meteorological disasters in Guangdong caused direct economic losses of about 65.438+0.42 billion yuan last year, with 654.38+0.45 people killed and 465.438+0 missing. Among them, the weather that has the greatest impact on Guangdong is the strong typhoon "Fanyabi". Since September 2 1 last year, "Fanbia" has swept through most parts of Guangdong, causing serious mudslides in western Guangdong and other places, causing more than one million people to be affected and hundreds of people to die or disappear; 1.6 million houses collapsed; The affected crop area is 66.4 thousand hectares; The direct economic loss exceeded 5 billion yuan. The situation in South China is a microcosm of the whole country. The China Climate Bulletin of 20 10 released recently shows that the annual precipitation in China in 20 10 is 68 1mm, which is11%more than normal. "In 20 10, extreme high temperature and heavy precipitation events occurred frequently in China, with high intensity and wide range, which was the most abnormal year in China since this century!" In fact, extreme weather swept the world in the past year. India suffered from severe high temperature and drought, with the highest temperature approaching 50 C; The worst high temperature and drought in recent 40 years triggered a forest fire in Russia; The worst rainstorm and flood in the past 8 1 year caused nearly 800 deaths in Pakistan ... On the 20th of this month, the World Meteorological Organization issued a communique saying that "20 10 is the hottest year on record!" According to the statistics provided by the World Meteorological Organization, the global average temperature in 20 10 is 0.53℃ higher than that in 196 1 to 1990. Experts have listed 20 10, 2005 and 1998 * * as the hottest years on record in the world (the former is 0.0 1℃ and 0.02℃ higher than the latter, respectively), and 200 1 to 20 10 years have also become available. A large number of extreme weather has become a prominent feature of 20 10. 20 10 was the wettest and hottest year on record, and * * * there were 18 countries with the highest temperature in history. According to the World Meteorological Organization, in 20 10, the temperature in most parts of Africa, South Asia and West Asia, and the Arctic region was higher than in previous years, with the highest temperature in many places, while parts of Europe and Australia experienced unusually cold years. Asral, an expert from the World Meteorological Organization, said that computer simulation studies show that with global warming, extreme weather phenomena will appear more frequently and intensively in the future, affecting a wider area. For example,/kloc-a heat wave that only occurs once every 0/00 years may become once every 20 years. By the end of this century, the summer in Europe in 2003 was extremely hot, and it may no longer be very special. "In recent years, the characteristics of extreme weather around the world are that the frequency of occurrence is getting higher and higher, and the extreme value of breakthrough (since recorded) is getting bigger and bigger." Kuang Yaoqiu, a researcher at the Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out. According to his analysis, the continuous breakthrough of this extreme value is two-way, that is, the highest temperature may be higher and higher, and the lowest temperature may be lower and lower. "People will think that summer is very hot and winter is very cold, not just in one direction." Global warming? Some experts say that the culprit is La Nina. There must be some connection between global warming and the increase of extreme weather events, but there is not enough evidence yet. However, the global scientific community can hardly reach an agreement on the causes of frequent extreme weather. Due to rigor, few scientists will jump to conclusions about the specific deep-seated reasons for frequent extreme weather. Because climate research is a statistical science, conclusions can only be drawn if it is repeated within 5 to 10 years. Faced with frequent climate disasters, the meteorological community is obviously under great pressure. However, for its cause and prediction, the meteorological community is still at a loss. Compared with scholars outside the circle, meteorologists are even more afraid to answer questions such as the reasons for frequent extreme weather. "The increase in extreme weather events is a fact, but its cause is a worldwide problem, and it is still inconclusive. The meteorological community can't give an exact answer! " In the face of the Nanfang Daily reporter's questioning, Lin Liangxun, chief forecaster of Guangdong Meteorological Observatory, was frank. Song Lianchun, director of the National Climate Center, once said that climate is a complex system influenced by atmosphere, ocean, ice, snow, land and rocks when analyzing the causes of abnormal weather and climate in China in 20 10. The weather and climate anomalies in China in 20 10 are closely related to the anomalies in each circle of the climate system and their interaction. For the recent floods and mudslides in Australia, Brazil and other countries in the southern hemisphere, many experts believe that the culprit is La Nina phenomenon. La Nina refers to the phenomenon that the sea surface temperature in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific Ocean continues to be abnormally cold (just the opposite of El Ni? o phenomenon), which means "little girl" (saint), also known as "anti-El Ni? o" or "cold event". Kuang Yaoqiu introduced that "El Nino" and "La Nina" often appear alternately. According to meteorological statistics, they are often associated with droughts and floods. Last year's drought in southwest China was probably affected by El Nino. After El Nino disappeared, La Nina began to form in July last year. However, in the view of meteorologists, they can affect climate change, but their influence is mainly concentrated in the Pacific Rim region, which cannot fully explain the frequent occurrence of extreme climate events on a global scale. At present, most scholars believe that frequent extreme weather events are caused by global warming. However, in the whole scientific community, there are no convincing results and conclusions about this mechanism. Song Lianchun also believes that global warming is the background of the increase and enhancement of extreme events. Global warming in the past century is not only manifested in the increase of temperature, but also in the increase of temperature variability and extreme weather and climate events. Extreme events that have happened in the past few decades have occurred more frequently, not only high temperature and heat waves, but also extremely cold events. The intensity and frequency of snowstorms in cold areas will increase, and the intensity of snowstorms in warm areas will also increase. Global warming leads to frequent extreme weather events? According to Du Yaodong, chief expert of Guangdong Meteorological Bureau, this proposition can neither be proved nor falsified. "There must be some connection between global warming and the increase of extreme weather events, but there is not enough evidence yet." The impact of human activities on the environment is also being fed back from some extreme weather events, which is regarded as nature's punishment for human beings. Extreme weather is like a "bad boy" testing the government. Asral, an expert of the World Meteorological Organization, said that as early as 1990, the climate model had predicted that there would be more intense and frequent extreme meteorological events on a warming earth. According to the first assessment report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the frequency of high temperature events will be more frequent in the future, and it is expected that the frequency of cold events will be reduced. The influence of airflow change and the change of its coverage are also involved, but the report thinks it is difficult to predict. In fact, extreme weather is like a "bad boy" who plays pranks, not only in China and Guangdong, but all over the world, and there is basically nothing that can be done about it at present. Lin Liangxun analyzed that there are two kinds of abnormal weather: gradual weather and sudden weather. The former refers to a cumulative process. For example, last year, the temperature in Guangdong was 3℃-4℃ lower than that in the same period in history, resulting in drought. The latter refers to strong weather in a short time, such as typhoon and rainstorm. "For the gradual emergence of extreme weather, we will have an observation period, and statistics and monitoring will be carried out during the occurrence process, which can provide some predictions, forecasts and early warnings in time." Lin Liangxun said, but for the latter, it is still difficult for the meteorological forecasting department to accurately predict. To some extent, the history of human development is a history of human conquest of nature. With the progress of human science and technology, nature seems to be tamed gradually, but the impact of human activities on the environment is also fed back from some extreme climate events, which is regarded as the punishment of nature for human beings. The relationship between man and nature is being repositioned. In this new historical process, global scientists, including meteorologists, naturally cannot sit idly by. As a well-known expert leading the field of meteorological forecasting in Guangdong, Lin Liangxun said that the meteorological community should capture the possible signals of some extreme weather events from global climate change, such as what kind of climate change will happen in La Nina and El Ni? o, as well as the temperature change in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the thickness and area change of the Arctic ice sheet, and what impact it has on human beings. Through these studies, "look for some early signals and then discover the possibility of extreme weather as soon as possible." Secondly, do a good job in forecasting and early warning, and provide decision-making for the public when the event approaches through meteorological monitoring, including how to face such extreme weather events, not only to prevent wind and rain, but also to prevent secondary disasters such as mudslides and landslides. "Climate and climate change are increasingly becoming a very important global issue." Song Lianchun said that although climate change is gradual, the impact of extreme weather and climate events is sudden and sharp, and the impact of extreme climate on human beings is far-reaching. Human society must shoulder the responsibility of "* * * and difference" and take urgent action to deal with the impact of climate change. ● Nanfang Daily reporter Huang Yinglai