Man-made satellite that travels into space

Artificial Satellite Traveling in Space

I am Pang Zhihao from the Fifth Aerospace Academy. Our institute is a national team that manufactures spacecraft. From Dongfanghong-1 to the end of March this year, our institute has developed and launched 294 spacecraft, 275 of which are artificial earth satellites. Because artificial earth satellites are relatively high in terms of type, quantity, and efficiency.

The development speed of my country's artificial satellites is relatively fast, and they have achieved rapid development results in terms of type, quantity, technical level and application. For example, in terms of communication satellites, our country first launched Dongfanghong-1 in 1970, which made our country the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch artificial earth satellites after the Soviet Union, the United States, France, and Japan.

Afterwards, Dongfanghong 2 and Dongfanghong 3 were developed. Now the Dongfanghong 4 satellite platform is mainly used. With the continuous development of technology, the number of transponders carried by the satellite platform is increasing. There are more and more, and the capacity is getting larger and larger. In terms of remote sensing satellites, we first used return-type remote sensing satellites. Because of the film used at that time, the satellite had to return after taking photos. Later, we developed more advanced transmission remote sensing satellites, including land satellites, meteorological satellites, and ocean satellites.

There are many types of Land Satellites, such as resource series, high score series, environment series, and sky painting series. Especially for the high-score series, we have both optical and radar satellites, surveying and mapping satellites, hyperspectral satellites, etc. Some satellites have reached the international advanced level. In terms of meteorological satellites, we have developed polar-orbiting meteorological satellites for long-term and medium-term weather forecasts, and we have also developed geostationary-orbiting meteorological satellites for short-term weather forecasts.

Ocean satellites are also very important, because 70% of our earth is ocean, which is difficult to detect by other means. We have developed the Ocean 1 water color satellite, the Ocean 2 dynamic and environmental satellite, and the French Sino-French ocean satellites have been developed, which are very good. In terms of navigation satellites, we have developed three generations. Beidou-1 is for domestic navigation, Beidou-2 is for regional navigation, and Beidou-3, the satellite constellation completed this year, is a global satellite navigation constellation.

One of the characteristics of our Beidou is that it can not only navigate, position and provide timing, but also send short messages and location service reports. Artificial satellites are divided into three categories. In addition to the above-mentioned application satellites, there are also Including technology test satellites and scientific satellites. As the name suggests, technology test satellites are to test some new technologies, new materials, etc. of satellites. For example, the Shijian 20 satellite launched at the end of 2019 is to test some of the Dongfanghong 5 satellite platform. Advanced technology.

In addition, we also launched the world’s first pulsar navigation test satellite. If future spacecraft uses pulsar navigation, it will not only have high accuracy, but also reduce dependence on the ground. In terms of scientific satellites, We started relatively late, but our starting point is very high. Especially during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, we developed and launched four satellites in the implementation of the space pilot project. One is the first astronomical satellite, which is called the Wukong Dark Matter Satellite. Its indicators are also at the world's advanced level.

There is also the Shijian-10 microgravity experimental satellite, which carries a lot of experiments, 19 of which are very helpful for our scientific research, and the world's first Micius quantum communication satellite , which can be used for impeccable confidential communications, and our country’s first X-ray astronomy satellite, called the Smart Eye Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope, which is also very important for astronomical observations. We have also made a grand plan for the future, and some of it has already begun to be implemented.

For example, in terms of communication satellites, we just said that we will build this very large satellite platform, and we will also build a space Internet, which is a space Internet constellation. For example, our Hongyan satellite is composed of more than 300 satellites. , can connect everything and never lose connection. It has been 50 years since my country’s first artificial earth satellite Dongfanghong-1 was successfully launched. During this period, China’s artificial satellites have achieved great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention. Achievement.

I believe that as the level of science and technology continues to improve, China's artificial satellite industry will achieve greater breakthroughs.