Typhoon prevention measures for ships

As we all know, typhoon is one of the most serious disastrous weather systems that threaten the safe navigation of ships. In order to avoid or reduce the possible harm caused by typhoon, ships must take preventive measures. The following information is compiled by me for reference only. Welcome to reading.

There are two ways to prevent typhoon for ships: mooring typhoon prevention and maritime navigation typhoon prevention.

First, the typhoon prevention mode of ship mooring

Ships are located in harbors, rivers and coastal shallow waters, and the intensity of typhoon attacks is greatly weakened due to the terrain. Therefore, ships with poor wind and wave resistance mainly use mooring to prevent typhoons. When ships sailing at sea encounter typhoons, if conditions and time permit, they should try their best to sail to suitable harbors, rivers, islands or coastal shallow waters for mooring and typhoon prevention. There are three methods for mooring typhoon protection: mooring, mooring buoy and berthing. When mooring against typhoon, in order to increase the mooring force of anchors and reduce the ship's yaw, double anchors are generally thrown. Under normal circumstances, special typhoon buoy should be used to prevent typhoon, so as to be firm and safe. Unless the manoeuvrable waters are narrow, or the port authorities have special regulations on mooring, ships should generally tie a single buoy to prevent typhoon, and must be connected with the buoy by an anchor chain, and mooring lines should be used if necessary. If the anchor chain load on the buoy platform of the ship is too large, you can use the car appropriately and act cautiously. In the port with strong swell, ships should not rely on the dock to prevent typhoon, but should anchor in the open anchorage.

Second, the inspection of ship mooring platform

A month before the typhoon season comes, a system safety inspection should be done. (1) Mooring equipment? Anchor, anchor chain, windlass, cable (typhoon emergency cable), anchor making equipment, spare parts, etc.

(2) Steering equipment? Steering gear, transmission, steering gear, steering gear, spare parts, etc.

(3) Communication equipment? Main transceiver, emergency transceiver, emergency radio station, storage battery, antenna, car clock, telephone, telephone receiver, contact signal and other internal communication equipment.

(4) Watertight device? Watertight doors, windows, side doors, manhole covers, air barrels, air pipes, anchor chain holes, etc.

(5) Drainage equipment? Deck drainage hole, drainage pipeline system, drainage pump, sewage ditch and anchor chain cabin drainage device, main seawater pump, etc.

(6) General first aid equipment? General first aid materials, waterproof and plugging materials, rope throwing guns, etc.

(7) life-saving equipment? Lifeboats, life rafts, lifebuoys, life jackets, distress signals, etc.

(8) Prepare typhoon charts and books (such as harbor map, anchor map, tide table, telephone list), etc.

(9) Hold typhoon emergency drills. Third, in a typhoon? Threatened? measure

In the next 48 hours, the ship may encounter winds of magnitude 6 or above, and should be considered as a typhoon? Threatened? . In this process, we should do the following.

(1) Important measures and materials related to typhoon prevention should be recorded in the log book in detail for reference and research.

(2) The ship's main engine, steering gear, windlass, anchor chain, cable and other important machinery and accessories are in normal condition, and communication (radio, telephone, walkie-talkie, lighting communication, etc.). ) keep it flowing.

(3) Close all open deck hatches and properly block openings such as ventilation pipes and air pipes.

(4) Except for emergency use, all watertight doors, side doors and sidescuttles shall be tightly closed. (5) Clean the deck and check the drainage holes and ditches to ensure no blockage. (6) Check the mooring lines of the wharf. The number of anchor ropes should be sufficient, all anchor ropes must be evenly stressed, and the friction should be properly padded. Friction between mooring line and hull should be wrapped to prevent abrasion.

(7) generally strengthen mooring lines, especially those that may bear the greatest stress. (8) Carefully check the strength of the pier. If the strength is insufficient, remedial measures should be taken. The number of cables in each column should be balanced, and the load should not be excessively concentrated.

(9) Anti-collision pads should be placed between ships and wharf walls, and between ships. (10) Strictly adhere to the 24-hour duty and inspection system. (1 1) Pay attention to the stability of the ship and reduce the free liquid level. Iv. Matters needing attention in mooring typhoon platforms 1. Selection of typhoon berth

Typhoon-proof ships moored should have a detailed understanding of the surrounding environment of the berth, such as the relationship between shoreline trend and wind direction, the distribution and strength of shore bollards, anti-collision pads, power supply and water supply, tides and tidal currents, water level changes under the influence of typhoons, surrounding waters and other moored ships. We should also give full consideration to berths and surrounding waters. When you are forced to transfer berths due to wind and waves, or perform urgent tasks according to the dispatching requirements, you can be ready to untie the cable and sail at any time to avoid falling into a passive and critical situation due to improper preparation and thoughtless consideration in advance.

(1) Tides, Tides and Surges

(2) Due to drunkenness or unconsciousness, he slipped and fell into the water;

(3) Death due to suicide or homicide is a criminal case and should be handled separately;

(4) due to illness or other physiological defects;

(five) the ship in the mooring, cable, cable, anchoring and other operations caused casualties, belonging to the industrial accident;

(6) The ship causes casualties when loading and unloading goods or repairing machinery and equipment, or causes casualties due to careless operation;

(seven) the crew and passengers drowned while swimming and taking a bath on the ship;

(8) Death due to medical accident after injury.

Typhoon prevention measures Tower cranes are likely to tilt, bend and fall in the construction site attacked by strong typhoons, so we should pay close attention to them. Precautions before the arrival of a strong typhoon are particularly important. According to the actual situation of tower crane, specific measures to prevent strong typhoon are formulated:

I. Preventive measures:

1. The tower crane on the construction site shall be equipped with a wind speed alarm, and it shall be capable of displaying instantaneous wind speed and wind grade. When the wind force is greater than 6, it can send an alarm signal to stop all lifting operations, including the jacking and knotting operations of tower cranes.

2. July-September is the typhoon season every year. Tower crane drivers must have the psychological quality and basic knowledge to prevent and deal with sudden strong gusts, calmly deal with dangerous situations, unload in time, lift the hook to the highest place and cut off the power supply.

3. When the predicted wind force is greater than level 6 and less than 1 1, the tower crane should stop working, cut off the power supply, check whether the tower body, wall-attached poles, institutions, electric boxes and lamps are firmly connected, and handle the problems in time when found. Lift the hook to the highest position, the boom should be able to rotate with the wind, and there should be no obstacles in the rotation range.

4. When the wind force is predicted to be greater than ll level, in addition to the above measures, a wall-attached pole should be installed at the upper independent height of the tower crane. If the wall pole cannot be installed, the height should be reduced by at least 1/3. The tower crane with the wall column installed should be lowered until it does not collide with the top of the building. If necessary, steel pipe scaffolding and other facilities at the top of the building should be removed to minimize the number of towers.

5. Increase the wind rope device while reducing the height of the tower.

6. For a tower crane with an installation height of more than 50m and less than 70m, the first wall-attached pole at the upper part of the tower body should be reinforced or double protected. For high-rise buildings with a height of more than 7Om, the surrounding area is empty and the wind is not hindered. When the wind force is predicted to be greater than ll level, the L-2 pole attached to the wall at the top of the tower should be removed, the crane jib and balance arm of the tower crane should be completely lower than the building, and the crane jib and balance arm should be rigidly connected with the main structure of the building, with no less than four connection points.

7. The distance between each attached wall and the cantilever height of the tower above the attached wall pole at the top of the tower shall not (strictly) exceed the range specified in the manual.

8. The installation and construction unit of tower crane shall timely formulate a special plan for typhoon resistance of tower crane, and implement corresponding equipment, tools and personnel.

9. Tower crane production units should increase the specific details of tower crane typhoon prevention in the product manual to guide and help tower crane construction units to implement typhoon prevention measures.

1O。 According to the information given by the municipal construction administrative department or the weather forecast of the meteorological station, the responsibilities shall be implemented, and supervision shall be strengthened to minimize the losses caused by typhoons.

Second, the preliminary preparation and inspection:

1. The installation personnel of emergency reinforcement measures shall be assisted by the equipment director and the project department, and provide on-site technical guidance.

2. The equipment director should guide the site to determine the fixed point of the upper part of the tower crane.

3, send security officer Luan Haifeng with two people to check the foundation, check whether there is any sundries around the foundation and whether the drainage of the foundation is smooth.

4. Materials and Equipment Branch will send operators to reduce the cross section of tower crane and reduce the height of tower crane to about 2 meters above the operational floor. (Ensure that the balance arm of the tower crane can rotate freely above the scaffold)

5. The person in charge of the equipment shall assist in checking the accessory device, and check whether the connecting pin shaft and bolt of the accessory device are loose or missing.

6. The tower crane driver should check and tighten the standard section bolts of the tower, and check, fix or dismantle other hangers.

7. An electrician removed the searchlight from the tower crane. And check the lightning protection device of tower crane.

8. Prepare all materials needed for reinforcement. ? 20 500-meter wire ropes, 50 20# buckles, 8 flower basket bolts, chain block 1 piece, 4 ground anchors and 24T counterweight.

Third, the reinforcement implementation:

1, there is equipment director to guide the binding of tower crane pull nodes, and the binding position should be located at the root of the first standard section below the rotation; The inner side of the standard joint at the tension joint should be supported by wood square which is larger than the width of the standard joint angle steel to prevent the tower steel structure from being stressed; The angles between the four Rachel wire ropes and the tower should be consistent.

2. When using the ground anchor hanging basket, the wire rope shall be controlled at 45. ~60。 Between; The weight of the ground anchors shall not be less than 6T each, when the ground anchors are anchored in the form of connecting with the concrete structure of the building. Ensure that the concrete meets the design strength requirements.

3. The steel wire rope should be tightened with blue screws, which should be suitable for the strength of the steel wire rope to prevent wire breakage; Wire rope should be clamped with at least three horse teeth pliers; Make the wire rope elastic and moderate, and ensure that the tower is in a vertical state.

4, wire rope tension should be in the wire rope tension does not change the verticality of tower crane, all wire rope tension should be consistent.

Fourth, security measures.

1, personnel involved in tower crane descent must have complete certificates and use safety protection articles correctly when climbing.

2. The reinforcement personnel equipped by the project department should have the climbing operation certificate, and use safety protection articles correctly when climbing.

3, the construction site must set up a cordon, have someone to care for, irrelevant personnel shall not enter the site.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) specific requirements

1, drill banners should be hung at the drill site.

2. After the drill, visitors should be organized to comment on the drill effect, so as to achieve the effect of continuous improvement.

3. Hire relevant leaders of the Municipal Construction Management Bureau to give guidance on the spot.

4, to participate in the exercise personnel unified enterprise clothing.

5. Take more photos and write a brief report on the exercise process.

6, contact the project department to write a drill plan.

7. Exercise next Wednesday and Thursday.

8. Draft exercise notice

Guide to typhoon prevention for ships 1. There are three ways for ships to prevent typhoons:

1. Dock mooring for typhoon prevention.

2. Anchorage and typhoon-proof anchorage (including typhoon-proof mooring buoys)

3. Going out to sea and resisting Taiwan at sea

Two, ships operating in the port should fully consider the following points when choosing which typhoon prevention method:

1, the typhoon resistance of the ship itself.

2. Geographical environment of the port (including wharf, anchorage and offshore geographical environment).

The development trend of typhoon may have the worst impact on Hong Kong.

Then make a choice, which is also taking into account our production interests, seize the opportunity to take measures. Seriously sum up and understand the main dangers faced by three methods of typhoon prevention for port ships, and formulate corresponding countermeasures. When dangers appear, we will have a fully prepared plan and deal with them one by one to ensure safety.

Third, the hazards of various typhoon prevention methods and the corresponding measures that need to be taken.

(1) The resistance of wharf cables and mooring platforms mainly has the following dangers:

1. Touching the dock or other ships, causing damage to the hull, blades, rudder blades and dock.

2. The cable is broken, and the pier cable pile is broken.

Stranded.

4. Port equipment (crane) toppled and the ship was injured.

5. The operation is labor-intensive, and the crew may be injured due to cable breakage.

6. Impact of storm surge.

Typhoon prevention measures for wharf mooring and anchoring.

1. Make full use of the water depth of the wharf, increase the draft as much as possible, and minimize the windward area of the hull.

2. Ensure moderate stability.

3. Prepare the touch panel, ensure the safe distance between ships as far as possible, and move the crane and other equipment on the dock away from the docked ships as far as possible.

4. Analyze the direction of the berth, possible wind direction and wind force, whether it will be affected by storm surge, etc.

5. Adjust the mooring line, use the mooring piles reasonably, and don't concentrate the mooring points too much, so as not to force the mooring line vertically. Mooring cable angle should be kept horizontal component greater than vertical component, and the cable should be uniformly stressed. The friction between each mooring line and the hull should be wrapped to prevent wear. If conditions permit, you can also hang a heavy object on the cable that is mainly stressed, or connect a section of anchor chain to increase the elasticity of the anchor rope.

7. If conditions permit, vehicles and rudders can be properly used to adjust the lateral distance between the bow and the wharf and the stress of the anchor ropes at the bow and stern, so as to control the position of the ship and prevent cable breakage.

8. Strengthen employees' awareness of anti-Taiwan and labor safety education to prevent work-related injuries.

9. Measure the water depth of the wharf berth, calculate the tidal time, tidal height and tidal current, and adjust the ballast protection appropriately. Pier bottom?

(2) The resistance of anchorage and mooring platform (including the resistance of mooring buoy platform) mainly has the following dangers.

1. Anchor, broken chain and stranded anchor chain.

2. The anchor of another ship endangers this ship.

It is difficult to control the roll and pitch of the ship.

The typhoon crossed the border, the working environment at the bow was bad, and the workers were working hard.

5. The main engine and steering gear are out of order, and there is danger of grounding and collision with other ships when anchoring or chain breaking.

Countermeasures for typhoon prevention in anchorage and anchorage.

1. Select the anchor position. According to the geographical environment of port anchorage, choose the appropriate anchorage. Attention should be paid to the following aspects: the anchor position should be able to shield the strong wind of typhoon, and know the bottom material and water depth of the anchorage, whether the anchorage is spacious, the present situation, the ships anchored around it, and whether there are significant landmarks.

2. Are you ready to throw it away? Little anchor? Typhoon protection when the ship has been affected by the typhoon wind system and the wind reaches 6-7, it can only be thrown. Little anchor? . When anchoring, the double anchors should be lowered at the same time as far as possible, and the chain should be loosened synchronously as far as possible to avoid the entanglement of the anchor chain. ? Little anchor? Due to the large swing, attention should be paid to the distance from other anchored ships.

3. Ensure moderate stability, and pay attention to fixing the movable items on board.

4. Use vehicles and rudders to restrain the ship's yaw. When using the car, don't use the high speed rashly. It is not suitable to start and stop the main engine, and the speed is high and low. According to the size of the wind and the stress of the anchor chain, gradually increase or decrease the speed of the main engine. The speed of the vehicle should keep the anchor chain under certain stress. If the ship is crosswind, don't blindly move against the wind when the anchor chain is sideways, which will increase the load of the anchor chain. Only when the anchor chain is close to the bow direction can the train move properly. The purpose of steering is to keep the bow and wind direction at a small angle, while ensuring that the wind direction is stable on one side.

5. If anchor walking or chain breakage is found, immediately and decisively lift anchor or abandon anchor to fight typhoon. Prevent touching other ships or stranding.

6. Ensure that the main engine, auxiliary engine, windlass, steering gear and boiler are in normal working condition.

7. The personnel on duty at the bow should fasten the safety rope, keep in touch with the bridge, and pay attention to the safety of personnel.

8. When the anchor chain is tied to the buoy to resist typhoon, pay attention to the length of the anchor chain to prevent the anchor chain from breaking when the wind and waves are heavy. If the wind is expected to be strong, you can also drop the anchor on the other side and let the loose long double chain bear the force evenly, okay? Little anchor? State.

(3) When going out to sea, there are mainly the following dangers in typhoon prevention at sea.

1. Wrong judgment and forecast, the ship strayed into the typhoon center.

The ship is shaking violently and is in danger of capsizing.

3. The main engine and steering gear are out of control.

4. The typhoon shelter is not spacious enough, there are many obstacles to navigation, and the water depth is shallow, so the ship may run aground and hit the rocks.

It is difficult for the ship to turn and turn around in the stormy sea.

Countermeasures against typhoon at sea and at sea.

1. This ship should have enough stability. Adjust the ballast water, increase the draft and reduce the windward area of the ship.

2. Receive and analyze typhoon warning in time. Grasp the development and movement of the typhoon, and compare it with the field meteorological observation results to judge whether this round has been affected by the typhoon wind system. Where is the ship approaching the typhoon? Then take the corresponding method to avoid typhoon at sea, leave the typhoon center and avoid the strong wind area.

3. Carefully study the situation of the sea areas avoiding Taiwan Province. Choose an open sea area with relatively shallow water depth, fewer obstacles and better positioning objects to resist navigation.

4. Ensure that four machines and one furnace are in normal working condition.

5. Pay attention to the main points of ship handling in heavy waves. Properly adjust the course and speed, and control the ship to minimize the number and amplitude of rolling. Make the bow form a 30-degree angle with the wind and waves, and reduce the stress on the hull. Be careful that the ship is hit by wind and waves. Turn around in the storm and you must follow? Slow rudder works well? The basic operation method of. It is necessary to choose a time when the sea surface is relatively calm and start to turn around, and strive to cross the dangerous section of the crosswind and complete the turn around before the arrival of the next group of first big waves.

6. After the typhoon crossed the border, the surge increased greatly. At this time, we should be more careful to operate the ship, prevent rolling, control the position of the ship, and prevent the ship from being pushed into the dangerous sea area by the surge. Comparing the main dangers and operability of the above three typhoon prevention methods, we can easily find that the first choice of typhoon prevention methods for ships operating in ports is to go to sea and defend typhoon at sea; Secondly, anchoring, anchoring by platform; Finally, the wharf is tied with cables and moored against the platform. But after all, ships are built to prevent typhoons, and the progress of each launch is different. There are not many ships with typhoon resistance at sea. Therefore, mooring and mooring are mainly considered to prevent typhoon.

In order to ensure the orderly development of the wind protection work of launching ships, it is necessary to deploy and prepare early, fully implement the typhoon prevention preparation work, plan carefully, grasp the typhoon trend in time, organize closely and command carefully to ensure the safety of launching ships.

Our policy of preventing Taiwan is: prevention first, combining prevention with resistance, combining prevention with resistance, focusing on resistance; Based on the most complicated and difficult situation to prevent and resist typhoons; The formulation of typhoon prevention plan must be combined with the actual situation.