? Crocus sativus planting techniques

Alias saffron and saffron.

It is the stigma of crocus sativus. promoting blood circulation to remove meridian obstruction

Nourishing blood and removing stasis

Detumescence and analgesia

Relieve depression and soothe the nerves. Commonly used for amenorrhea and abdominal pain.

postpartum blood stasis

Wet spot

Melancholy

Panic and madness, etc. It is native to Spain, Greece, France, the Netherlands, India and Iran. It has been introduced to China, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Beijing, Sichuan, Hubei, Guangxi, Fujian, Shaanxi and other provinces.

Second, the plant characteristics

Perennial herbs. Bulbs are oblate or nearly spherical. Leaves are basal. Long line shape

Leaf margin slightly reversed, peanut; 6 quilts

bluish violet

3 stamens; 1 pistil

Style 3-parted

Protruding perianth

low

crimson

The top of the stigma is slightly enlarged and trumpet-shaped; It has a strong fragrance. Crocus sativus does not bear fruit under cultivation conditions. The flowering period is1mid-October 65438-1early October 165438.

Third, the growth characteristics

Like a mild environment

Fear of extreme heat

Afraid of the morning. Like sunshine.

cold-resistant

At a temperature of about 65438 08℃

With a little cold-proof equipment (wind wall), you can survive the winter safely. Don't accumulate water. The soil on fertile broken soil is better. It is best to have sunny weather and suitable rainfall in flowering period. The temperature at flowering is 14-20℃. But it has been frozen for a long time.

Will make the tip of the blade yellow.

Poor plant growth

Early senescence of seedlings in spring

The bulbs formed are smaller.

Reduce the yield of flowers. Grow flowers first, then leave indoors.

Outdoor cultivation first grows long leaves.

The reproductive bud blooms.

Fourth, cultivation techniques.

First, land consolidation

Choose to keep warm in winter

It's cool in summer

merry

Slightly tilted. Good drainage.

Planted in loam rich in humus. Not suitable for planting in sticky and low-lying waterlogged land. Continuous cropping is prohibited. Can be intercropped or interplanted with corn, soybean and other crops. Before sowing, 37,500 kilograms of farm manure should be applied per hectare.

750 kg of superphosphate

Cake fertilizer 1500 kg

mix

Sprinkle on the ground

When preparing the soil, turn it into the soil. Make the land 220 cm wide.

Low frame with the length of 1500 cm (the purpose of low frame is mainly to keep warm and cold).

Second, the colonial method.

Reproduce with bulbs

In the first half of May, when the aerial parts of crocus sativus have not completely returned to seedlings,

Dig a light bulb

Separate by size

Store in a ventilated and dry place. Planting in early and middle September. Soak bulbs with diluent before planting.

At the same time, treat the soil with Anbaimu.

Eliminate nematodes in the soil

The effect of preventing the spread of pests and diseases is good. Bulbs planted early germinate after taking root.

Early appearance

Conducive to plant growth and development; If you plant it late, you will sprout and regenerate roots first.

Delayed emergence

The seedlings are not growing well. The size of bulbs is closely related to whether they bloom or not. Generally, bulbs that weigh less than 8 grams will not bloom.

The number of flowers increases with the increase of bulb weight. Number of leaves

The number and size of leaves are also related to the size of bulbs. Therefore,

The stems of saffron must be selected.

Graded planting. Generally more than 25 grams.

16 ~ 25g

8 ~ 18g

Planting under 8 grams is divided into four grades

In management, soaking the stem with 5% lime water for 20 minutes before sowing can prevent the terminal bud from rotting; Use 500 times solution of 25% carbendazim and 3000 times solution of dicofol or 40% dimethoate.

Mix and soak the two drugs for 20 minutes.

Sow immediately

It can prevent rot and locust. Remove the lateral buds from the bulbs before planting.

Allow 65,438+0 stems below 65,438+0 to penetrate.

16 ~ 25g, leaving two dorsal cervical buds.

Leave 3 terminal buds above 25g.

Flat border planting. Crocus sativus yield has a certain relationship with planting density and depth. If the planting is too shallow,

There are many new light bulbs.

Small-sized

There are few bulbs that can bloom; Planting too deep (e.g.10cm deep)

The new light bulb is bigger.

But the number of flowering bulbs should also be reduced. For this reason,

The planting density and depth of saffron depend on the size of bulb.

Plant separately. The row spacing of bulbs under 8g is 9 ~ 12cm.

The spacing between plants is 3 cm.

The planting depth is 3-4.5cm; The row spacing of 8-25g bulbs is 12cm.

Plant spacing is 6 ~ 9 cm.

6 cm deep is appropriate; The row spacing of bulbs over 25g is 12- 15cm.

Plant spacing is 9 ~ 12cm.

The appropriate depth is 6 cm When planting, ditch and plant according to the above depth.

Put the bulb into the above density.

Main bud upward

Gently press into the soil.

Cover the soil and level it. The seed consumption per hectare is about 10500 kg.

Third, internal management.

Crocus sativus began to emerge 20 ~ 30 days after sowing.

Irrigation can be done again before emergence.

Flowering 3-4 days after emergence.

The flowering period is short. 165438+1mid to late October.

It is necessary to set up a wind barrier in the northern region.

Water the frozen water once before winter. In winter, 4000 kilograms of farmyard manure is evenly applied to the border.

Not only can improve fertility

It can also keep warm and prevent freezing. After turning green in mid-February,

Apply cake fertilizer per hectare 1500 kg.

Since March, saffron has entered a vigorous growth stage.

Spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10 day/time.

2 ~ 3 times in a row. 5438+ 10 When the temperature is the lowest in June,

You can cover the border with a layer of leaves.

End of February

Remove the covering. March to April

It is the most vigorous period of saffron growth.

At this time, we should pay attention to loosening the soil and weeding frequently.

Prevent soil hardening and overgrowth of weeds.

So as to facilitate the expansion of the bulb. In the middle of April

Irrigation again.

Picking bulbs in May

Dormancy in summer

Removing lateral buds: after emergence

Stick the knife into the soil.

Gently connect the leaves and remove the buds.

Keep 1-3 larger leaves.

After bud removal

Can increase the number of large bulbs in bulbs.

Increase yield

Otherwise, there will be many lateral buds.

The bulbs formed are very small and do not bloom.

Drainage and irrigation: water in time during drought.

Water should be poured before winter to prevent freezing. March-April is the bulb expansion period.

There are often spring rains.

The field is prone to water accumulation.

Drainage should be done in time after rain.

Prevent corms from rotting

The leaves turn yellow

Lead to premature death of plants.

Fourth, prevent and control hazards.

1, corruption

This is a bacterial disease. It usually happens after emergence.

The damage was serious in February and March, and the proximal leaf sheath was the first to die.

Be reddish-brown

Yellowing the extracted leaf tip or the whole leaf; The diseased area of the underground bulb turns brown.

Fibrous roots change from white to light brown or purple black.

Finally, it breaks and falls off; After the fleshy storage roots are killed,

Dark brown or dark color

And there is dirty white mud and rot; Underground corms rot and die.

Control method: 1 Soak the seeds with 5% lime water for 20 minutes before planting.

Rinse with clear water before planting. If a diseased plant is found, it should be removed in time.

Sprinkle lime powder on the hole for disinfection. 3 implement the rotation system. 4. Spraying 50% Yekujing 1000 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil 500 times solution at seedling stage.

Every 7 days 1 time

2 ~ 3 times in a row.

2. Rot

The pathogens were Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium seminudum and Fusarium solani, and the leaves turned yellow after killing.

The light bulb is black and rotten.

Leave an empty shell. In sticky soil

Poor drainage and serious underground pests can cause this disease.

Control method: 1 Before planting, apply lime powder 1500 kg or 22.5 kg of pentachloronitrobenzene per hectare.

Shallow flip 1 time. 2. Strengthen the prevention and control of underground pests.

It can be watered with 90% trichlorfon 1000 times. During the growth period, 50% bacitracin 1500 times solution or 50% tobezin 1000 times solution can be used for irrigation.

3. Virus disease

Its pathogen is iris mild mosaic virus, and its leaves curl after the disease.

Leaves are yellowish, faded, striped, mosaic and mottled.

deformity

Poor growth. There are more lateral buds. Early seedlings fall.

Control method: 1, select disease-free bulbs for planting. Use 7.5% rotenone 600 times solution or 40% dimethoate 1000 times solution to control aphids.

Reduce the chance of virus transmission.

4. Robinia pseudoacacia

Mainly harmful to light bulbs. Seeds can be soaked in dicofol or 40% dimethoate 3000 times.

Soak and plant.

V. Harvest and Processing

1. bulb harvesting and storage

The first half of May of the following year.

After the saffron leaves are completely withered,

Sunny mining

Turn up from one side of the bed line by line. Pick up the light bulb.

Clear soil

Put it in the basket.

Put it in the shade.

After about a week, store the bulbs in different grades. After harvesting, remove bulbs with pests, diseases, scars and mechanical damage.

According to large, medium and small storage methods: 1 sand storage: choose a dry and cool place indoors.

Spread a layer of semi-dry fine yellow sand with a thickness of about 3 cm.

Put a layer of bulbs 6 ~ 9 cm thick on it.

Spread another layer of sand.

Calculate the number of layers in turn

The average height is 50 cm.

Width 70 ~ 100 cm

Indefinite length

Finally, cover with fine sand about 6 cm thick. Pay attention to prevent rodents. 2 Hanging and hiding: put bulbs in perforated bamboo baskets or woven bags.

Hanging in a cool and ventilated place. Practice has proved that the bulb can be stored for 1 ~ 4 months at 2 1 ~ 30 degrees.

flower bud differentiation

Floral organogenesis

And flowering period.

And can significantly increase the style output.

Promote vegetative growth

Promote the formation and expansion of new bulbs, or soak the seed stems in gibberellin solution of 5* 10 ~ 1 * 10 or rape lactone solution of10 ~ 5 for 4 ~ 24 hours.

And then store the sand

The effect of increasing production is obvious.

It also increases the size of bulbs.

The number of flowering bulbs has increased.

Second, the harvest and processing of flowers.

The flowering period of crocus sativus is from June 65438+ 10 to the middle of 10.

The flowering period is relatively concentrated.

Short flowering period

Must be harvested in time on the same day. Harvest at noon or afternoon every day 1 time. When picking, the whole flower and tubular corolla tube are taken back to the room for treatment. The way is to collect flowers.

Gently peel off the petals.

Take three petals in each hand and peel them off.

Stripping the tubular corolla tube at the base of petals.

Remove the yellow part of the stigma and style.

Spread it thinly on white paper and dry it or bake it in an oven at 35 ~ 45℃ for 3 ~ 5 hours. After drying, store it in a clean and dry basin or bottle.

Store in the dark. The drying rate is 6: 1. The average production of dried flowers 12- 15 kg per hectare.

The highest output can reach about 8250 kg.

Bulbs can be collected from 15000 ~ 19500 kg.